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ĭn-ĕo, īvi and ĭi, ĭtum, īre (iniri only ap. Vop. Procul. 12, 7; fut. iniet, Sen. Ben. 21, 2), v. a. and n.

  1. I. To go into, to enter a place (class.).
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen., constr. with acc., or with in and acc.
          1. (α) With acc.: illius domum, Cic. Deiot. 3, 8: urbem, Liv. 3, 24, 8: Argolicas acies non ignarus ini (i. e. inii), Stat. Th. 8, 107: convivia, Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: viam, iter, to enter on a journey, id. Mur. 12, 26.
            Pass.: nemus nullis illud initur equis, Ov. F. 3, 266: (Hispania) prima Romanis inita provinciarum, Liv. 28, 12, 12.
          2. (β) With in and acc.: in urbem, Liv. 24, 9, 2.
      2. 2. In partic., to know, in mal. part., Liv. 41, 13, 2: reginam, Drusillam, Anton. ap. Suet. Aug. 69: feminae viros ineunt, Sen. Ep. 95, 21; so of animals, to pair, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 9; Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 178.
        Pass.: vacca ab agresti tauro inita, Liv. 41, 13, 2; cf.: sic velut inita arbor fecundo semine fertilior exstat, Col. 5, 9, 16.
    2. B. Trop., to enter upon, begin a business, an enterprise, occupation, office, etc.: magistratum, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2: consulatum, Liv. 24, 9, 7: imperium, Suet. Tib. 67.
      Pass.: inito magistratu, Liv. 36, 1, 1: magnum et difficile certamen iniens, Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 31; Curt. 4, 3, 12: proelium, id. Off. 1, 11, 37; Vell. 2, 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vesp. 4: pugnas, Verg. A. 11, 912: bellum, Curt. 5, 9, 4.
      Pass.: bellum cum rege Philippo initum est, Liv. 31, 5, 1; 36, 1, 5: numerum, to go into an enumeration, i. e. to enumerate, give the number: numerus interfectorum haud facile iniri potuit, Liv. 38, 23, 6: numerus inibatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 76: rationem, to make an estimate: rationem inire oportet operarum, dierum, Cato, R. R. 2, 2; cf.: initā subductāque ratione, Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 71: inire rationem also freq. signifies, to calculate, consider, find out, devise, contrive: rogo, ut adjuves ineasque rationem, quemadmodum ea mulier Romam perducatur, id. Fam. 13, 28, 2: mihi ineunda ratio, et via reperiunda est, qua ad Apronii quaestum possim pervenire, id. Verr. 2, 3, 46. § 110: ut multa tam gravis depelleretur, a me inita ratio est. id. Fam. 5, 20, 4: rationem de re, id. Phil. 5, 19, 53: ad hunc interficiendum talem iniit rationem, Nep. Hann. 10, 3: aestimationem, to make an estimate, to estimate, value, Sen. Ben. 3, 8 fin.: mensuram agrorum, to take the measure of, to measure, survey, Col. 5, 3, 1: societatem cum aliquo, to enter into or form an association with a person, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 3; so of an alliance, Suet. Tib. 2: bellum, to take part in, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37; Curt. 5, 9, 4: pugnas, to begin, Verg. A. 11, 912: pugnam, Vell. 1, 9, 3; 2, 55, 3: indutias, to conclude, make, Plin. Pan. 11, 5: consilium, to form a plan, Ov. F. 3, 380: consilia inibat, quemadmodum a Gergovia discederet, formed plans, considered, deliberated, Caes. B. G. 7, 43: consilium facinoris contra vitam alicujus, Cic. Deiot. 2, 4: gratiam, to get into the good graces, obtaĭn the favor of: plures ineuntur gratiae, si, etc., the favor of many is gained, id. Brut. 57, 209: gratiam ab aliquo, Nep. Alcib. 9 fin.: apud regem initam gratiam volebant, Liv. 36, 5, 3: summam gratiam a bonis omnibus, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: viam, to find out a way to do any thing: ineamus viam aliquam, qua utri utris imperent, decerni possit, Liv. 1, 23, 9: suffragia, i. q. dare, id. 3, 17, 4; 3, 25, 4: inită aestate, in the beginning of, Caes. B. G. 2, 2; 2, 35, 2; cf.: inită hieme, id. ib. 3, 7, 1.
      Poet.: somnum, to fall asleep, Verg. E. 1, 56: ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo, to undertake, id. A. 5, 846: formam vitae, to enter upon a course of life, Tac. A. 1, 74: teque adeo decus hoc aevi, te consule (puer), inibit, Pollio, he will enter on this golden age during your consulship, Verg. E. 4, 11 Ladew.; cf. Forbig. ad loc.
  2. II. v. n. (= incipere), to make a beginning, to begin: ex ineunte aevo, Lucr. 5, 859; so, ineunte vere, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 fin.: ineunte aestate, id. Att. 4, 2, 6: ab ineunte aetate, id. de Or. 1, 21, 97: ab ineunte adulescentia, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4; Nep. Alcib. 2, 2; cf. id. Them. 1, 1 al.

ĭnĭtĭum, ĭi, n. [ineo], a going in, en trance.

  1. I. A beginning, commencement (syn.: principium, exordium).
    1. A. Lit.: bonis initiis orsus tribunatus, tristes exitus habuit consulatus, id. Brut. 34, 128: initio accusationis, id. de Or. 1, 26, 121: initium capere, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: dicendi initium sumere, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1: facere initium confligendi, id. Phil. 14, 14, 36: caedis initium ab aliquo facere, id. ib. 5, 7, 20: male ponere initia, id. Att. 10, 18, 2: ducere ab aliqua re, id. ib. 9, 9, 2: ab initio res quem ad modum facta sint, exponemus, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 14: ab ultimo initio repetere, Auct. Her. 1, 9, 14: seditionem ab altiore initio repetam, Tac. H. 2, 27: quia initio caedis orto difficilis modus, id. ib. 1, 39.
      Pleon.: querellae ab initio tantae ordiendae rei absint, Liv. praef. § 12; cf.: prima initia incohare, id. 3, 54, 9: primum initium certaminis, id. 6, 12, 10.
      The abl. sing. is used adverbially, in the beginning, at first: quemadmodum senatus initio censuit, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 4: redeo ad illud quod initio scripsi, id. ib. 1, 7, 5; Nep. Thras. 1, 5; id. Tim. 3, 1; id. Alc. 5, 3; Curt. 3, 8, 17 al.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 475.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Constituent parts, elements: inde est indagatio nata initiorum, et tamquam seminum, unde essent omnia orta, generata, concreta, Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69: illa initia, et, ut e Graeco vertam, elementa dicuntur ( = στοιχεῖα), id. Ac. 1, 7, 26; so of death: Augustus in sua resolutus initia, Vell. 2, 123, 3.
      2. 2. First principles, elements cf a science: illa initia mathematicorum, quibus non concessis digitum progredi non possunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 116.
      3. 3. Beginning, origin: quomodo initium nobis rerum omnium ortus noster adferat, sic exitum mors, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 91: natus obscurissimis initiis, Vell. 2, 761; cf.: pauca ab initio causisque talium facinorum non absurda, which relate to the origin, etc., Tac. H. 4, 48.
      4. 4. Auspices, because with them everything was begun; hence, the beginning of a reign: novis initiis et ominibus opus est, i. e. of a new king, Curt. 5, 9, 4.
  2. II. Secret sacred rites, sacred mysteries, to which only the initiated were admitted: initia vocantur potissimum ea, quae Cereri fiunt sacra, Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 5: initia Cereris, Liv. 31, 47, 2; cf. 39, 8, 5: nihil melius illis mysteriis, quibus ex agresti immanique vita exculti ad humanitatem et mitigati sumus, initiaque ut appellantur, ita re vera principia vitae cognovimus, Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; Just. 2, 6: initia Samothracum, Curt. 8, 1, 12: initiis pacis, foedus cum feritur, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 9.
    1. B. Things (musical instruments) used in celebrating these mysteries: Typanum, tubam, Cybele, tua, mater, initia, Cat. 63, 9.