Lewis & Short

No entries found. Showing closest matches:

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. ὐπό, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, ā, ă; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. ἐπί, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.: AF VOBEIS, Inscr. Orell. 3114; AF MVRO, ib. 6601; AF CAPVA, ib. 3308; AF SOLO, ib. 589; AF LYCO, ib. 3036 (afuolunt = avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Múll., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.
The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.
By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into á, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.
By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form ă- in the two compounds ă-bîo and ă-pĕrio, q. v.
On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and ă, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab): abs chorago, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl): abs quivis, Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1: abs terra, Cato, R. R. 51; and in compounds: aps-cessero, Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (= B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12; and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus, id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).
Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.
The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

  1. I. In space, and,
  2. II. Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
  1. I. Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.): Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: fuga ab urbe turpissima, Cic. Att. 7, 21: ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim, Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab (from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit. … Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.
    Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92.
    Often joined with usque: illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.
    And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from … to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab … in: venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt, Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
        1. b. Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place: oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Trojā conditum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33: quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet, Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.: ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit, Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and: protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat, id. ib. 1, 25, 2: profecti a domo, Liv. 40, 33, 2; of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summā transmiserint, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.: classe quā advecti ab domo fuerant, Liv. 8, 22, 6; of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est, Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.: legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt, id. 24, 40, 2.
        2. c. Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.): Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.: libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit, Cic. Fl. 20, 47: Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse, id. Att. 7, 24: cum a vobis discessero, id. Sen. 22: multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque, Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6: so a fratre, id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5: a Pontio, Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.: ab eā, Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    1. B. Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
      1. 1. Of separation: ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui, Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2: abesse a domo paulisper maluit, id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, Sall. C. 40, 5: absint lacerti ab stabulis, Verg. G. 4, 14.
      2. 2. Of distance: quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe, Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.: nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui, id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1: terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes, Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164: non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant, Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.
        With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.): cum domus patris a foro longe abesset, Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.: qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius, Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5: quae procul erant a conspectu imperii, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and: tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides, Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.; v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.: tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas, id. Pis. 11, 26; and: tam prope ab domo detineri, id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.
        So in Cæsar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance: onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur, eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which: duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra, id. 37, 38, 5).
      3. 3. To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations, = a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laevā latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.: picus et cornix ab laevā, corvos, parra ab dexterā consuadent, Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5: pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt, on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11: non eadem diligentiā ab decumunā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.: erat a septentrionibus collis, on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
  2. II. Fig.
    1. A. In time.
      1. 1. From a point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After: Exul ab octava Marius bibit, Juv. 1,40: mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi, immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1: ab hac contione legati missi sunt, immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5: a summā spe novissima exspectabat, after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin.
        Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after: ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68: confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris, Liv. 30, 36, 1: statim a funere, Suet. Caes. 85; and followed by statim: ab itinere statim, id. ib. 60: protinus ab adoptione, Vell. 2, 104, 3: Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit, soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).
        Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die, i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (= postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1: secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit, i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192.
        Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ὲκ τούτων), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
      2. 2. With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after: ab horā tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41: infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56: vixit ab omni aeternitate, from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115: cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime, Nep. Att. 5, 3: in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse, after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.: centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii, since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.: cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est, id. Sen. 6, 19; and: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum, since, Sall. C. 47, 2: diebus triginta, a quâ die materia caesa est, Caes. B. C. 1, 36.
        Sometimes joined with usque and inde: quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt, since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20: jam inde ab infelici pugnà ceciderant animi, from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin.
        Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.
        Ab … ad, from (a time) … to: ab horà octavā ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and: a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus, Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque: pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum, from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.
        Rarely ab … in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from … till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
        1. b. Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life: qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo, from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.: mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritiā fuit semper famillaritas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so, a pueritiā, Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4: jam inde ab adulescentiā, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16: ab adulescentiā, Cic. Rep. 2, 1: jam a primā adulescentiā, id. Fam. 1, 9, 23: ab ineunte adulescentiā, id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf. followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentiā, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20: a primis temporibus aetatis, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3: a teneris unguiculis, from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2: usque a togà purā, id. Att. 7, 8, 5: jam inde ab incunabulis, Liv. 4, 36, 5: a primā lanugine, Suet. Oth. 12: viridi ab aevo, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.; rarely of animals: ab infantiā, Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.
          Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ὲκ παιὸων, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.: qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so, a pausillo puero, id. Stich. 1, 3, 21: a puero, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.: a pueris, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.: ab adulescente, id. Quint. 3, 12: ab infante, Col. 1, 8, 2: a parvā virgine, Cat. 66, 26 al.
          Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.: a parvis, Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9: a parvulo, Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.: ab parvulis, Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3: ab tenero, Col. 5, 6, 20; and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bimā aut trimā fructum ferre incipit, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    2. B. In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
      1. 1. In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.): suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42: qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18: hic ab artificio suo non recessit, id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.: quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180: condicionem quam ab te peto, id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.: mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34: si quid ab illo acceperis, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90: quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26: ab defensione desistere, Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4: ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur, id. B. G. 7, 24, 2: ut homines adulescentīs a dicendi studio deterream, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.
        Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling): qui quartus ab Arcesilā fuit, the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46: tu nunc eris alter ab illo, next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193: quid hoc ab illo differt, from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.: hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum, id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and: discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam, id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.): quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate, Cic. Fam. 4, 7: alieno a te animo fuit, id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus).
        So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one’s profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.): subdole ab re consulit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous: haut est ab re aucupis, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71: non ab re esse Quinctii visum est, Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuriā abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38: a patre deductus ad Scaevolam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur, id. ib. 1, 3: disputata ab eo, id. ib. 1, 4 al.: illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graeciā vetere celebrata, id. de Or. 3, 51, 197: ita generati a naturā sumus, id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.: pars mundi damnata a rerum naturā, Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88: niagna adhibita cura est a providentiā deorum, Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al.
          With intrans. verbs: quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu, is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) quā a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105: salvebis a meo Cicerone, i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.: a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus, i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3: ne vir ab hoste cadat, Ov. H. 9, 36 al.
          A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.): levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.: a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus, id. Off. 2, 6, 19: si calor est a sole, id. N. D. 2, 52: ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis), id. Att. 16, 7, 5: metu poenae a Romanis, Liv. 32, 23, 9: bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis, id. 3, 22, 2: ad exsolvendam fldem a consule, id. 27, 5, 6.
          With an adj.: lassus ab equo indomito, Hor. S. 2, 2, 10: Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo, Prop. 5, 1, 126: tempus a nostris triste malis, time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.
          Different from per: vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so, ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore), Nep. Alc. 5, 4.
          Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active: si postulatur a populo, if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons: deseror conjuge, Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2; and in prose, Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.
          Hence the adverbial phrase a se = ὐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ, suā sponte, of one’s own uccord, spontaneously: ipsum a se oritur et suā sponte nascitur, Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78: (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit, Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eāpse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
        2. b. With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of: pastores a Pergamide, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1: Turnus ab Aricia, Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1): obsides dant trecentos principum a Corā atque Pometiā liberos, Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Albā, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (= oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
        3. c. In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. νόμον) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re … interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6: (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus, id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
        4. d. With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table: da, puere, ab summo, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so, da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum, Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21: coepere a fame mala, Liv. 4, 12, 7: cornicem a caudā de ovo exire, tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18: a capite repetis, quod quaerimus, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
        5. e. With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing: a foliis et stercore purgato, Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1: tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi? Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23; cf.: Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, Liv. 21, 11, 5: expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis, Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11: haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda, id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo): ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat, Sall. C. 32: ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent, Liv. 21, 35, 12: ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret, Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
        6. f. With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab = a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him: el metul a Chryside, Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.: ab Hannibale metuens, Liv. 23, 36; and: metus a praetore, id. 23, 15, 7; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui, Cic. Sull. 20, 59: postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
        7. g. With verbs of fastening and holding: funiculus a puppi religatus, Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154: cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
        8. h. Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one: a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur, Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
        9. i. Cognoscere ab aliquâ re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
        10. j. Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.: doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62: a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui, id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9: a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so, a frigore laborantibus, Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.: laborare ab re frumentaria, Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
        11. k. Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: ab ingenio improbus, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59: a me pudica’st, id. Curc. 1, 1, 51: orba ab optimatibus contio, Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus): locus copiosus a frumento, Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.: sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunià, id. ib. 7, 15 fin.: ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior, id. Brut. 16, 63: ab unà parte haud satis prosperuin, Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.; so often in poets ab arte = arte, artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
        12. l. In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.: linguam ab irrisu exserentem, thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5: ab honore, id. 1, 8; so, ab irā, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
        13. m. Especially in the poets instead of the gen.: ab illo injuria, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129: fulgor ab auro, Lucr. 2, 5: dulces a fontibus undae, Verg. G. 2, 243.
        14. n. In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1: nonnuill ab novissimis, id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
        15. o. In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā, Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7: ab eo qui sunt, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt, id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of οί ὐπό τινος).
        16. p. To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period; in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus, one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so, a manu servus, a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis (secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus (accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apothecā, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliothecà, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
        17. q. The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity: a peregre, Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8: a foris, Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27: ab intus, ib. ib. 7, 15: ab invicem, App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18: a longe, Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58: a modo, ib. ib. 23, 39; Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune, Vulg. Luc. 1, 48: a sursum, ib. Marc. 15, 38.
          Note:
        1. a. Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum … fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc., Cic. Pis. 37, 91: a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus? id. Sen. 6: a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove? id. Rep. 1, 36, 56: res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit, id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.
        2. b. Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.
        3. c. It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs: a vitae periculo, Cic. Brut. 91, 313: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo, id. Arch. 6, 12: a minus bono, Sall. C. 2, 6: a satis miti principio, Liv. 1, 6, 4: damnis dives ab ipsā suis, Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.
        4. d. The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, Verg. G. 4, 347: aque mero, Ov. M. 3, 631: aque viro, id. H. 6, 156: aque suis, id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But: a meque, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: abs teque, id. Att. 3, 15, 4: a teque, id. ib. 8, 11, § 7: a primāque adulescentiā, id. Brut. 91, 315 al.
        5. e. A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est πραγματικῆ, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
  3. III. In composition ab,
      1. 1. Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens = a mente remotus, alienus (out of one’s senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.
      2. 2. It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor (to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced ὺπόπαππος; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. of the word abavus, grandfather’s grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild’s grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Müll., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

abs. prep., v. ab.

abs-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. (sync. abscēssem = abscessissem, Sil. 8, 109), to go off or away, to depart.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: abscede hinc, sis, sycophanta, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 162: meo e conspectu, id. Capt. 2, 3, 74: numquam senator a curiā abscessit aut populus e foro, Liv. 27, 50, 4; so, a corpore (mortui), Tac. A. 1, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 5: ut abscesserit inde (i. e. e castris) dictator, Liv. 22, 25, 9: illorum navis longe in altum abscesserat, Plaut. Rud. prol. 66.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Milit. t. t., to march off, to depart, retire: non prius Thebani Spartā abscessissent quam, etc., Nep. Iphicr. 2 fin.: longius ab urbe hostium, Liv. 3, 8, 8; cf.: a moenibus Alexandriae, id. 44, 19, 11.
        Absol.: si urgemus obsessos, si non ante abscedimus quam, etc., Liv. 5, 4, 10; so Nep. Epam. 9.
        Impers.: abscedi ab hoste, Liv. 22, 33, 10; cf. id. 27, 4, 1: nec ante abscessum est quam, etc., id. 29, 2, 16; so, a moenibus abscessum est, id. 45, 11, 7: manibus aequis abscessum, Tac. A. 1, 63.
      2. 2. To disappear, withdraw, be lost from view: cor (est) in extis: jam abscedet, simul ac, etc., will disappear, Civ. Div. 2, 16 fin.
        Poet.: Pallada abscessisse mihi, has withdrawn from me, from my power, Ov. M. 5, 375.
        Of stars, to set, Plin. 2, 17, 14, § 72 al.
      3. 3. Of localities, to retire, recede, retreat: quantum mare abscedebat, retired, Liv. 27, 47 fin.; so in architecture: frontis et laterum abscedentium adumbratio, of the sides in the background, Vitr. 1, 2, 2; so id. 1, 2, 7, praef. 11.
      4. 4. With respect to the result, to retire, to escape: abscedere latere tecto, to escape with a whole skin, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5.
  2. II. Fig., to leave off, retire, desist from, constr. with ab, the simple abl., or absol.: labor ille a vobis cito recedet, benefactum a vobis non abscedet (followed by abibit), Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so, cito ab eo haec ira abscedet, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15.
    With abl. only: haec te abscedat suspicio, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 100: abscedere irrito incepto, to desist from, Liv. 20, 7, 1.
    Absol.: aegritudo abscesserit, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 29; so, somnus, Ov. F. 3, 307: imago, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6: ille abscessit (sc. petitione sua), desisted from the action, Tac. A. 2, 34: ne quid abscederet (sc. de hereditate), Suet. Ner. 34; so, semper abscedente usufructu, Dig. 7, 1, 3, § 2.

abscessĭo, ōnis, f. [abscedo], a going away, a separating: cum ad corpora tum accessio fieret, tum abscessio, i.e. diminution, * Cic. Univ. 12; Dict. Cret. B. Tr. 1, 5.

abscessus, ūs, m. [abscedo],

  1. I. a going away, departure, absence: solis, * Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 24; Verg. A. 10, 445; Tac. A. 4, 57: continuus, continued absence, id. ib. 6, 38.
  2. II. Medic. t. t., an abscess, Cels. 5, 7; in plur., id. 5, 18.

abs-cīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut off with a sharp instrument (diff. from ab-scindo, to break or tear off as with the hand); the former corresponds to praecidere, the latter to avellere, v. Liv. 31, 34, 4 Drak.

  1. I. Lit.: caput, Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5; Liv. 4, 19; Verg. A. 12, 511 al.; so, membra, Lucr. 3, 642: bracchium, Liv. 4, 28, 8: collum, Sil. 15, 473: dextram, Suet. Caes. 68: linguam, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 7; Suet. Calig. 27 al.: comas alicui, Luc. 6, 568: truncos arborum et ramos, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 2.
  2. II. Trop., to cut off, deprive of; to detract: spem (alicui), Liv. 4, 10, 4; 24, 30, 12; 35, 45, 6: orationem alicui, id. 45, 37, 9: omnium rerum respectum sibi, id. 9, 23, 12: omnia praesidia, Tac. H. 3, 78: vocem, Vell. 2, 66; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 85.
    Absol.: quarum (orationum) alteram non libebat mihi scribere, quia abscideram, had broken off, Cic. Att. 2, 7.
    Hence, abscīsus, a, um, P. a., cut off.
    1. A. Of places, steep, precipitous (cf. abruptus): saxum undique abscisum, Liv. 32, 4, 5; so id. 32, 25, 36: rupes, id. 32, 5, 12.
    2. B. Of speech, abrupt, concise, short: in voce aut omnino suppressā, aut etiam abscisā, Quint. 8, 3, 85; 9, 4, 118 Halm (al. abscissa): asperum et abscisum castigationis genus, Val. Max. 2, 7, 14: responsum, id. 3, 8, 3: sententia, id. 6, 3, 10; cf. in comp.: praefractior atque abscisior justitia, id. 6, 5, ext. 4.
      Sup. prob. not used.
      Adv.: abscīsē, cut off; hence, of speech, concisely, shortly, distinctly, Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6; Dig. 50, 6, 5, § 2.

ab-scindo, cĭdi, cissum, 3, v. a., to tear off or away, to rend away (v. preced. art.).

  1. I. Lit.: tunicam a pectore abscidit, he tore the tunic down from his breast, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1: cervicibus fractis caput abscidit, cut off, id. Phil. 11, 5.
    With simple abl.: umeris abscindere vestem, Verg. A. 5, 685; with de, id. G. 2, 23: nec quidquam deus abscidit terras, torn asunder, separated, Hor. C. 1, 3, 21; cf. Verg. A. 3, 418; Ov. M. 1, 22 al.: venas, to open the veins, Tac. A. 15, 69; 16, 11.
  2. II. Trop., to cut off, separate, divide (rare): reditus dulces, to cut off, Hor. Epod. 16, 35: inane soldo, to separate, id. S. 1, 2, 113: querelas alicujus, Val. Fl. 2, 160: jus, Dig. 28, 2, 9, § 2.

abscīsē, adv., v. abscido, P. a. fin.

* abscissĭo, ōnis, f. [abscindo], a breaking off in the midst of a discourse; rhet. fig., Auct. ad Her. 4, 53; 4, 54: vocis, Scrib. Comp. 100.

abscissus, a, um, Part. of abscindo.

abscīsus, a, um, P. a., v. abscido.

abscondĭtē, adv., v. abscondo, P. a.

abscondĭtor, ōris, m. [abscondo], one that hides or conceals, Jul. Firm. 5, 15; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 25.

abs-condo, condi and condĭdi, condĭtum and consum, 3, v. a. (abscondi, Tac. H. 3, 68; Curt. 6, 6; Gell. 17, 9; Caecil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 75, 25: abscondidi, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 25; Sil. 8, 192: absconsum, Quint. Decl. 17, 15), to put away, conceal carefully, hide, secrete (the access. idea of a careful concealment distinguishes this word from its synn. abdo, celo, abstrudo, etc.).

  1. I. Lit.: est quiddam, quod occultatur, quod quo studiosius ab istis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet, Cic. Rosc. Am. 41 fin.: nequiquam (eam) abdidi, abscondidi, abstrusam habebam, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 25: aurum secundum aram, Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 890 P.: fontes absconditi, Auct. ad Her. 4, 6, 9: ensem in vulnere, to bury, Sen. Thyest. 721 (cf.: lateri abdidit ensem, Verg. A. 2, 553; v. abdo, II. ε); so, abscondit in aëre telum, i. e. shot it out of sight, Sil. 1, 316.
    Pass., of stars, to set, and thus become invisible, Verg. G. 1, 221.
    Hence,
    1. B. In gen., to make invisible, to cover: fluvium et campos caede, Sil. 11, 522; so id. 17, 49.
    2. C. Poet., to put a place out of sight, to lose sight of, to depart from: aërias Phaeacum abscondimus arces, we leave behind, Verg. A. 3, 291 (cf. id. ib. 4, 154: transmittunt cursu campos).
  2. II. Trop.: fugam furto, to conceal flight, Verg. A. 4, 337: praenavigavimus vitam, et quemadmodum in mari, sic in hoc cursu rapidissimi temporis, primum pueritiam abscondimus, deinde adulescentiam, leave behind, outlive (cf. the prec., C.), Sen. Ep. 70, 2; Tac. A. 13, 16.
    Hence, abscondĭtus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed, secret, unknown: gladii absconditi, Cic. Phil. 2, 108: in tam absconditis insidiis, id. Cat. 3, 1, 3: jus pontificum, id. Dom. 54, 138.
    Adv.
      1. 1. abscondĭtē, of discourse.
        1. a. Obscurely, abstrusely, Cic. Inv. 2, 23.
        2. b. Profoundly, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2.
      2. 2. absconsē (from absconsus), secretly, Hyg. Fab. 184; Firm. Math. 2, 2.

‡ absegmen, ĭnis, n. [ab-seco], according to Festus, s. v. penitam, ap. Naev., a piece (of flesh) cut off, Paul. ex Fest. p. 242, 6 Müll.

absens, entis (not apsens), Part. of absum.

absentĭa, ae, f. [absum], absence: confer absentiam tuam cum meā, Cic. Pis. 16, 37; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13, A; Quint. 4, 2, 70; Tac. A. 4, 64 al.: testimoniorum, want of, Quint. 5, 7, 1.

* absentīvus, a, um, adj. [absens]. long absent, Petr. S. 33.

absento, āre, 1, v. a. and n. [absens].

  1. I. Act., to cause one to be absent, i. e. to send away: patriis procul absentaverit astris, Claud. Pros. 3, 213 (others read amandaverit, or patriisque procul mandaverit), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 48.
  2. II. Neutr., to be absent: absentans Ulixes, Sid. 9, 13 fin.

absīda, ae, v. absis init.

absīdātus, a, um, adj. [absis], having an arch; arched, vaulted (late Lat.): porticus, Paul. Vict. 4: caveae, Cassiod. Var. 4, 51.

ab-sĭlĭo, ii and ui, no sup., 4, v. n. and a. [salio], to leap or spring away, to leap off: procul, Luer. 6, 1217.
With acc. rei (as in Gr. φεύγειν τι): nidos tepentes absiliunt (aves), fly from their warm nests, Stat. Th. 6, 97.

ab-sĭmĭlis, e, adj. [ab, priv.], unlike, usually with a neg. and dat.

        1. (α) Absol.: falces non absimili formā muralium falcium, Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 5.
        2. (β) With dat.: (herba) neque absimilis bitumini, Col. 6, 17, 2; so Plin. 8, 33, 51, § 121; Suet. Oth. 1; id. Dom. 10 al.

absinthĭātus, a, um, adj. [absinthium], containing wormwood: poculum, i. e. filled with wormwood-wine, Sen. Suas. 6, p. 40 Bip.
Absol.: absinthĭā-tum, sc. vinum, wormwood-wine, Pall. 2, 32; Lampr. Hel. 21.

† absinthītēs, ae, m., = ἀψινθίτης, sc. οἶνος, wormwood-wine, Col. 12, 35; Plin. 14, 16, 19, § 109.

† absinthĭum, i, n. (also absinthĭus, i, m., ap. Varr. acc. to Non. 190, 25), = ἀψίνθιον, wormwood, Plin. 27, 7, 28 sq.; Cato, R. R. 159; Varr. R. R. 1, 57; Col. 12, 35; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 90: tetrum, Lucr. 1, 936; 2, 400; 4, 11 al.
Trop. for something bitter, but wholesome, Quint. 3, 1, 5.

† absis or apsis, īdis (collat. form ab-sīda, ae, Paul. Ep. 12; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 7), f., = ἁψίς, lit. a fitting together in a circular form, hence an arch or vault.

  1. I. Plin. Ep. 2, 17 (but in Plin. 36, 12, 17, the correct read. is aspidem, v. Sillig ad h. l.).
    In a church, the choir, Isid. Orig. 15, 18, 7, and Paul. Ep. 12 (in both of which it is doubtful whether absis, idis, or absida, ae, should be read; cf. Areval upon Isid. l. c.).
  2. II. The circle which a star describes in its orbit, Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79; cf. id. 2, 15, 13, § 63.
  3. III. A round dish or bowl, Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 6; ib. Fragm. 32, § 1.

ab-sisto, stĭti, no sup., 3, v. n. (like all the compounds of the simple active verb, used only in a neutr. signif.), to withdraw or depart from, to go away; constr. absol., with ab, or the simple abl. (not in Cic.).

  1. I. Lit.: quae me hic reliquit atque abstitit, who has left me behind here, and gone off, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 32: ab signis, Caes. B. G. 5, 17; v. Gron. ad Liv. 27, 45.—absol.: miles abstitit, went away, Tac. 2, 31: ab ore scintillae absistunt, burst forth, Verg. A. 12, 101: limine, id. ib. 7, 610: luco, id. ib. 6, 259.
  2. II. Trop. with abl. (of subst. or gerund.) or the inf., to desist from an act, purpose, etc., to cease, to leave off (so, perh., first in the Aug. period, for the more common desisto): obsidione, Liv. 9, 15 Drak.: bello, Hor. S. 1, 3, 104: continuando magistratu, Liv. 9, 34: sequendo, id. 29, 33: ingratis benefacere, id. 36, 35: moveri, Verg. A. 6, 399: absiste viribus indubitare tuis, cease to distrust thy strength, id. ib. 8, 403; cf. morari, id. ib. 12, 676.

* ab-sĭtus, a, um, adj., lying away, distant, Paul. Nol. 13, 5.

* ab-sŏcer, ĕri, m., a great-greatgrandfather of the husband or wife, Capitol. Gord. 2.

absŏlūtē, adv., v. absolvo, P. a.

absŏlūtĭo, ōnis, f. [absolvo].

  1. I. In judicial lang., an absolving, acquittal: sententiis decem et sex absolutio confici poterat, Cic. Clu. 27: annus decimus post virginum absolutionem, id. Cat. 3, 4: majestatis (for de majestate), an acquittal from crimen majestatis, id. Fam. 3, 11.
    In Suet. in plur.: reis absolutiones venditare, Vesp. 16.
  2. II. Completion, perfection, consummation.
    1. A. In gen.: virtus quae rationis absolutio definitur, Cic. Fin. 5, 14: hanc absolutionem perfectionemque in oratore desiderans, this finish and perfection, id. de Or. 1, 28, 130; so id. Inv. 2, 30.
    2. B. Esp., in rhet., completeness, Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 32.

absŏlūtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [absolvo], pertaining to acquittal, release.

  1. I. Adj.: tabellae, damnatoria et absolutoria, Suet. Aug. 33: judicia, Gai, Dig. 4, 114.
  2. II. Subst.: absŏlūtōrĭum, ii, n. (sc. remedium), a means of deliverance from: ejus mali, Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 63.

absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., from

ab-solvo, vi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie (usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fetters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. Truc. 3, 4, 10).

  1. I. Lit. (so very rare): canem ante tempus, Amm. 29, 3: asinum, App. M. 6, p. 184; cf.: cum nodo cervicis absolutum, id. ib. 9, p. 231: valvas stabuli, i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin.: absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture, loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pac. ap. Diom. p. 395 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so, te absolvam brevi, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.
    2. B. To dismiss by paying, to pay off: absolve hunc vomitum … quattuor quadraginta illi debentur minae, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.
      Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release: jam hosce absolutos censeas, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43; and ironic., id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.
    3. C. To free from (Ciceronian): ut nec Roscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fannio judicio se absolvat, extricate or free himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12: longo bello, Tac. A. 4, 23: caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear one’s self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31.
      With gen.: tutelae, Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,
    4. D. In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent; constr. absol., with abl., gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446; Rudd. 2, 164 sq.): bis absolutus, Cic. Pis. 39: regni suspicione, Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al.: de praevaricatione absolutus, id. Q. Fr. 2, 16.
      In Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hic (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi: from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).
      With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.
    5. E. In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perficere; the fig. is prob. derived from detaching a finished web from the loom; cf.: rem dissolutam divulsamque, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188).
      So of the sacrificial cake: liba absoluta (as taken from the pan), ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8; but esp. freq. in Cic.: ut pictor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reliquisset, absolveret, Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105; id. Fam. 1, 9, 4; id. Att. 13, 19 al.
      So in Sallust repeatedly, both with acc. and de, of an historical statement, to bring to a conclusion, to relate: cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis, Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2: de Catilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam, id. Cat. 4, 3; cf.: nunc locorum situm, quantum ratio sinit, absolvam, Amm. 23, 6.
      Hence, absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo, E.).
    1. A. In gen.: nec appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta, when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87; cf.: perfecte absolutus, id. ib. 4, 7, 18; and: absolutus et perfectus per se, id. Part. Or. 26, 94 al.
      Comp., Quint. 1, 1, 37.
      Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. In rhet. lang., unrestricted, unconditional, absolute: hoc mihi videor videre, esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas, Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.
      2. 2. In gram.
        1. a. Nomen absolutum, which gives a complete sense without any thing annexed, e. g.: deus, Prisc. p. 581 P.
        2. b. Verbum absolutum, in Prisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.
        3. c. Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19.
          Adv.: absŏlūtē, fully, perfectly, completely (syn. perfecte), distinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; id. Top. 8, 34 al.
          Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15.

absŏnē, adv., v. absonus fin.

ab-sŏnus, a, um, adj.

  1. I. Deviating from the right tone, discordant, dissonant, inharmonious: sunt quidam ita voce absoni, ut … in oratorum numerum venire non possint, Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115: vox absona atque absurda, id. ib. 3, 11, 41.
    Hence,
  2. II. In gen., not harmonizing with a thing, not accordant with, unsuitable, incongruous; constr. with ab or ( = alienus) with dat. or absol.: nec absoni a voce motus erant, Liv. 7, 2: nihil absonum fidei divinae originis fuit, id. 1, 15: fortunis absona dicta, Hor. A. P. 112.
    Absol.: nihil absonum, nihil agreste, Quint. 6, 3, 107; cf. id. 12, 10, 32.
    Adv.: absŏnē, discordantly, incongruously, Gell. 15, 25; App. Mag. p. 277.

ab-sorbĕo, bui, rarely psi, ptum (absorbui, Plin. 9, 35, 58: absorpsi, Luc. 4, 100; cf. Vel. Long. 2233 P.), 2, v. a., to swallow down any thing, to devour.

  1. I. Lit.: unda legiones, Naev. B. Pun. 4, 16: oceanus vix videtur tot res tam cito absorbere potuisse, Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 67: placentas, Hor. S. 2, 8, 24; so id. ib. 2, 3, 240 K. and H. (al. obsorbere and exsorbere): unionem, Plin. l. l. (Sill. ob-): res ad victum, to devour, Cic. Rep. 2, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to engross, absorb: hunc absorbuit aestus gloriae, Cic. Brut. 81; so id. Leg. 2, 4, 9: ipse ad sese jamdudum vocat, et quodam modo absorbet orationem meam, and, as it were, eats up my discourse (i. e. wishes it to treat of him only), id. Sest. 6, 13: ea (meretrix) acerrume aestuosa absorbet, devours (i. e. squanders one’s property, the figure taken from the sea), Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 67.

* absorptĭo, ōnis, f. [absorbeo], per met., a drink, beverage, Suet. Ner. 27 dub.

abs-pello, -porto, -portatio, v. asp-.

1. abs-que, prep. gov. abl. [from abs and the generalizing -que, like susque deque from sub and de; cf. Prisc. 999 P.] (ante- and post-class.), without.

  1. I. Ante-class.
    1. A. Denoting defect in conception, while the class. sine indicates defect in reality. In Plaut. and Ter. only in conditional clauses: absque me, te, eo, etc., esset = nisi or si ego, tu, is, etc.. non fuissem; without me, i. e. without my agency, if it had not been for me: nam hercle absque me foret et meo praesidio, hic faceret te prostibilem, if I had not stood by you, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 56; cf. id. Trin. 5, 2, 3: nam absque ted esset, numquam hodie ad solem occasum viverem, if you had not aided me, etc., id. Men. 5, 7, 33; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 3, 8; id. Trin. 4, 1, 13: absque eo esset, recte ego mihi vidissem, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 11. Somewhat different is, quam fortunatus ceteris sum rebus, absque una hac foret, if it were not for this one thing, id. Hec. 4, 2, 25.
    2. B. After Plaut. and Ter., absque appears in the classic lang. only a few times in a kind of jurid. formula: absque sententiā, without judgment, contrary to it: nullam a me epistulam ad te sino absque argumento ac sententiā pervenire, Cic. Att. 1, 19, 1; cf.: an etiamsi nullā ratione ductus est, impetu raptus sit et absque sententiā? Quint. 7, 2, 44.
  2. II. Post-class.
    1. A. Likewise in jurid. lang., i. q. sine, without: decerni absque libelli documento, Cod. Th. 11, 30, 40; so, absque praejudicio, Gell. 2, 2, 7: absque ullā observatione, Cod. Th. 13, 5, 38: absque omni praerogativā principum, Amm. 23, 5.
    2. B. I. q. praeter, except: apud Aeschylum eundem esse versum absque paucis syllabis, Gell. 13, 18 (19), 4; so, absque paucis, Symm. Ep. 2, 36: absque his, Cod. Th. 6, 4, 18; 11, 16, 17: purpureus absque caudā, except the tail, Sol. 46.
      Adv., = praeterquam, nisi: absque labra, except the lips, Amm. 23, 5; so, absque illud nomen, Jul. Val. Rer. Gest. Alex. M. 1, 18.

2. absque = et abs: loca, templa … eorum relinquatis absque his abeatis, Form. ap. Macr. S. 3, 9.

* abstantĭa, ae, f. [absto], distance, Vitr. 9, 1, 11.

abs-tēmĭus, a, um, adj. [cf. temetum and temulentus], abstaining from intoxicating drinks, temperate, sober, ἄοινος.

  1. I. Lit.: sicca atque abstemia, Lucil. ap. Non. 68, 30: mulieres, Varr. ap. Non. ib.: vina fugit gaudetque meris abstemius undis, Ov. M. 15, 323 al.
    Hence,
  2. II. In gen.: i. q. sobrius, temperate, abstinent, moderate: abstemius, herbis vivis et urticā, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 7.
    Pleon.: mulieres vini abstemiae, Plin. 22, 24, 54, § 115.
    1. B. In later Lat. = jejunus, who is yet fasting, has not breakfasted, Aus. Idyll. praef. 11.

abstentĭo, ōnis, f. [abstineo], the holding back, retaining: stercorum, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 18.

abstentus, a, um, Part. of abstineo.

abs-tergĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v. a. (the form abstergo, gĕre rests upon spurious readings, except in eccl. Lat., as Vulg. Apoc. 21, 4), to wipe off or away, to dry by wiping.

  1. I. Lit.: labellum, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 52: sudorem, id. Men. 1, 2, 16: vulnera, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 9: lacrimas, Lucil. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 68: fletum, Cic. Phil. 14, 34: everrite aedīs, abstergete araneas, brush away, Titin. ap. Non. 192, 10.
    1. * B. Transf.: remos (qs. to wipe away, i. e.), to break, to dash to pieces, Curt. 9, 9, 16.
  2. II. Trop., to wipe away (any thing disagreeable, a passion, etc.), i. e. to drive away, expel, remove, banish: ut mihi absterserunt omnem sorditudinem, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 10; esp. freq. in Cic.: dolorem, Q. Fr. 2, 9: senectutis molestias, Sen. 1: metum, Fam. 9, 16; luctum, Tusc. 3, 18: suspicionem, Amm. 14, 11.

abs-terrĕo, ui, ĭtum, 2, v. a.,

  1. I. to drive away by terrifying, to frighten away, to deter (by fear): patrem, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 74; so Ter. Andr. 3, 1, 14: neminem a congressu meo neque janitor meus neque somnus absterruit, Cic. Planc. 27: homines a pecuniis capiendis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 58; so Hor. S. 2, 5, 83; Liv. 5, 41; Suet. Caes. 20 al.
    With de: ut de frumento anseres absterreret, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 41.
    With simple abl.: lenonem aedibus, Titin. ap. Non. 95, 1: teneros animos vitiis, Hor. S. 1, 4, 128; so Tac. A. 12, 45 al.
  2. II. Transf. with an abstract object, to take away, remove, withdraw: pabula amoris sibi, Lucr. 4, 1064: satum genitalem cuiquam, id. 4, 1233: auctum, id. 5, 846.

abstersus, a, um, Part. of abstergeo.

* abstĭnax, ācis, adj., = abstinens, abstinent, Petr. S. 42; Symm. Ep. 1, 47.

abstĭnens, entis, P. a., v. abstineo.

abstĭnenter, adv., v. abstineo, P. a., fin.

abstĭnentĭa, ae, f. [abstineo], abstinence, self-restraint (the quality by means of which one abstains from unlawful desires, acts, etc., freedom from covetousness (se ab re abstinet); it always has reference to the outward object from which one restrains himself; while the syn. continentia designates merely subjective self-restraint. Yet as early as Cic. these ideas passed into each other, abstinentia being used for continentia, and continentia—referring to an object—taking the place of abstinentia).

  1. I. In gen., a refraining from any thing: conciliare benevolentiam multitudinis abstinentiā et continentiā, i. e. by not violating the right of property (alieno abstinent) and by self-control (se continent), Cic. Off. 2, 22: possum multa dicere de provinciali in eo magistratu abstinentiā, id. Sest. 3; id. Verr. 4, 46; id. Q. Rosc. 17; so id. Att. 5, 17; Sall. C. 3.
  2. II. In later Lat., abstinence from food, fasting, starvation = inedia (v. abstineo): vitam abstinentiā finivit, he ended his life by starvation, Tac. A. 4, 35; Sen. Ep. 70, 9; 77, 9; cf. Cels. 2, 16; febrem quiete et abstinentiā mitigavit, Quint. 2, 17, 9; so Plin. 27, 55, 80 al.
    From

abs-tĭnĕo, ŭi, tentum, 2, v. a and n. [teneo], to keep off or away, to hold back, to hold at a distance. In the comic writers and Cic. this verb is in most cases purely active, hence constr. with aliquem (or se) re or ab re; the neuter signif. first became prevalent in the Aug. per. = se abstinere.

  1. I. Act.: dum ted abstineas nuptā, viduā, virgine, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 37: urbanis rebus te, id. Cas. 1, 1, 13; id. Men. 5, 6, 20; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 132: manus a muliere, Lucil. ap. Non. 325, 32; cf.: manus abstineant, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 11: amor abstinendust (apstandust, R.), id. ib. 2, 1, 30: me ostreis et muraenis facile abstinebam, Cic. Fam. 7, 26: ab alienis mentes, oculos, manus, de Or. 1, 43: manus animosque ab hoc scelere, id. Verr. 1, 12 fin.: se nullo dedecore, id. Fin. 3, 11, 38: se cibo, Caes. B. C. 8, 44: ne ab obsidibus quidem iram belli hostis abstinuit, Liv. 2, 16: aliquos ab legatis violandis, id. 2, 22: se armis, id. 8, 2 al.
    Hence: manum a se, to abstain from suicide, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37 al.
  2. II. Neutr.: abstinere, to abstain from a thing; constr. with abl., ab, inf., quin or quominus, the gen., or absol.
          1. (α) With abl.: haud abstinent culpā, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 18 Ritschl: injuriā, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 72: fabā (Pythagorei), id. Div. 2, 58, 119: proelio, Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3: pugnā, Liv. 2, 45, 8: senatorio ambitu, Tac. A. 4, 2: manibus, id. Hist. 2, 44: auribus principis, to spare them, id. Ann. 13, 14: sermone Graeco, Suet. Tib. 71: publico abstinuit, did not go out, id. Claud. 36 al.
            Impers.: ne a me quidem abstinuit, Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171: ut seditionibus abstineretur, Liv. 3, 10, 7; so id. 5, 50, 7.
          2. (β) With ab: ut ne a mulieribus quidem atque infantibus abstinerent, Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5.
          3. (γ) With inf.: dum mi abstineant invidere, if they only cease to envy me, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 2; so Suet. Tib. 23.
          4. (δ) With quin or quominus: aegre abstinent, quin castra oppugnent, Liv. 2, 45, 10: ut ne clarissimi quidem viri abstinuerint, quominus et ipsi aliquid de eā scriberent, Suet. Gram. 3.
            (* ε) With the gen. (in Greek construction like the Greek ἀπέχεσθαί τινος): abstineto irarum calidaeque rixae, Hor. C. 3, 27, 69 (cf. infra, abstinens).
            (ζ) Absol.: te scio facile abstinere posse, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 19: non tamen abstinuit, Verg. A. 2, 534.
            Esp. in med., to abstain from food: abstinere debet aeger, Cels. 2, 12, 2.
            Hence, abstĭnens, entis, P. a., abstaining from (that which is unlawful), abstinent, temperate; constr absol. with abl., or poet. with gen.: esse abstinentem, continere omnes cupiditates praeclarum est, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11: praetorem decet non solum manus, sed etiam oculos abstinentes habere, id. Off. 1, 40, 144: impubi aut certe abstinentissime rebus venereis, Col. 12, 4, 3: animus abstinens pecuniae, Hor. C. 4, 9, 37; so, alieni abstinentissimus, Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 5; and: somni et vini sit abstinentissimus, Col. 11, 1, 3.
            Comp., Auson. Grat. Act. 28.
            Sup., Col. and Plin. l. l.
            Adv.: abstĭnenter, unselfishly, Cic. Sest. 16, 37.
            Comp., Augustin. Mor. Manich. 2, 13.

* ab-sto, āre, 1, v. n., to stand off or at a distance from, to stand aloof: si longius abstes, Hor. A. P. 361.

* abstractĭo, ōnis, f. [abstraho], a separation: conjugis, Dict. Cret. 1, 4.

abstractus, a, um, P. a. of

abs-trăho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. (abstraxe = abstraxisse, Lucr. 3, 650), to draw away from a place or person, to drag or pull away.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: ut me a Glycerio miserum abstrahat, Ter. And. 1, 5, 8; so, liberos ab aliquo, Caes. B. G. 3, 2, 5: aliquem de matris complexu avellere atque abstrahere, Cic. Font. 21 (17): aliquem e gremio e sinuque patriae, id. Cael. 24, 59; for which, aliquem gremio, Ov. M. 13, 658: aliquem raptim ex oculis hominum, Liv. 39, 49, 12: naves e portu, id. 37, 27, 6 (al. a portu): aliquem a conspectu omnium in altum, Cic. de Or. 3, 36, 145 (corresp. with, a terra abripuit).
      Absol.: bona civium Romanorum diripiunt … in servitutem abstrahunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 42, 3: navem remulco abstraxit, id. B. C. 2, 23.
    2. B. Esp., to withdraw, alienate from a party: copias a Lepido, Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 3: Germanicum suetis legionibus, Tac. A. 2, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to draw away, withdraw, divert: animus se a corpore abstrahet, Cic. Rep. 6, 26: a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit (for which in the preced., avocare), id. de Sen. 6: me a nullius commodo, id. Arch. 6, 12: aliquem a malis, non a bonis, id. Tusc. 1, 34 fin. al.: magnitudine pecuniae a bono honestoque in pravum abstractus est, Sall. J. 29, 2: omnia in duas partes abstracta sunt, respublica, quae media fuerat, dilacerata, id. ib. 41, 5.
    Hence, abstractus, a, um, P. a.; in the later philosophers and grammarians, abstract (opp. concrete): quantitas, Isid. Or. 2, 24, 14.

abs-trūdo, ūsi, ūsum, 3, v. a., to push or thrust away, and hence to conceal (cf. abdo).

  1. I. Lit.: aurum, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 13; so ib. 4, 5, 3: id. Curc. 5, 2, 8: in cerebro colaphos, to thrust into the brain itself, id. Rud. 4, 3, 68 (cf. a similar passage from Verg. under abdo): mane me in silvam abstrusi densam, Cic. Att. 12, 15: tectum inter et laquearia, Tac. A. 4, 69.
  2. II. Trop.: in profundo veritatem, Cic. Ac. 2, 10: tristitiam, Tac. A. 3, 6: metum, id. ib. 15, 5 al.
    Hence, abstrūsus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed.
    1. A. Lit.: corpus abstrusum in flumine, Att. ap. Non. 308, 8 (Trag. Rel. p. 195 Rib.): insidias, Cic. Leg. Agr. 2, 49: terra, Ov. H. 7, 147: incendium, Vell. 2, 130, 4.
      With dat.: serpens abstrusa terrae, Vell. 2, 129, 4.
      1. 2. In neutr. absol.: in abstruso esse, to be in concealment, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 129; to be unknown, Amm. 17, 7.
    2. B. Trop.: dolor reconditus et penitus abstrusus, a concealed and inwardly repressed sorrow, Auct. Or pro Dom. 10: disputatio paulo abstrusior, requiring a somewhat deeper investigation, Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30: homo abstrusus, reserved, Tac. A. 1, 24.
      Sup. not used.
      Adv. comp.: abstrūsĭus, Amm. 28, 1, 49: semet amandarunt, more closely.

(ab-strŭo, a false read. in Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 27.)

abstrūsē, adv., v. abstrudo, P. a. fin.

* abstrūsĭo, ōnis, f. [abstrudo], a removing, concealing: seminis, Arn. 5, p. 183.

abstrūsus, a, um, v. abstrudo, P. a.

* abs-tŭlo, ĕre, v. a., an old form (from which is the perf. abstuli), = aufero, to take away: aulas abstulas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Diom. P. 376.

(absuētūdo, ĭnis, a false read. in App. Mag. p. 318 for assuetudo.)

ab-sum, āfui (better than abfui), āfŭtārus (aforem, afore), v. n., in its most general signif., to be away from, be absent.

  1. I. In gen.
    1. A. Absol. without designating the distance (opp. adsum): num ab domo absum? Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16: me absente atque insciente, id. Trin. 1, 2, 130: domini ubi absunt, are not at home, not present, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: facile aerumnam ferre possum, si inde abest injuria, Caecil. ap. Non. 430, 18.
    2. B. With reference to the distance in space or time; which is expressed either by a definite number, or, in gen., by the advs. multum, paulum (not parum, v. below) longe, etc.: edixit, ut ab urbe abesset milia pass. ducenta, Cic. Sest. 12, 29: castra, quae aberant bidui, id. Att. 5, 16: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Caes. B. G. 1, 43: haud longe abesse oportet, he ought not to be far hence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 166: legiones magnum spatium aberant, Caes. B. G. 2, 17: menses tres abest, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 66: haud permultum a me aberit infortunium, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 7.
      With the simple abl. for ab: paulumque cum ejus villa abessemus, Cic. Ac. 1, 1 Görenz; but, ab ejus villa, B. and K.; cf.: nuptā abesse tuā, Ov. R. Am. 774.
      With inter: nec longis inter se passibus absunt, Verg. A. 11, 907.
      With prope, propius, proxime, to denote a short distance: nunc nobis prope abest exitium, is not far from, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 8; so with est: prope est a te Deus, tecum est, Sen. Ep. 41: loca, quae a Brundisio propius absunt, quam tu, biduum, Cic. Att. 8, 14: quoniam abes propius, since you are nearer, id. ib. 1, 1: existat aliquid, quod … absit longissime a vero, id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; so id. Deiot. 13; Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16 al.
      Hence the phrase: tantum abest, ut—ut, so far from —that, etc. (Zumpt, § 779), the origin of which is evident from the following examples from Cic. (the first two of which have been unjustly assailed): id tantum abest ab officio, ut nihil magis officio possit esse contrarium, Off. 1, 14 (with which comp. the person. expression: equidem tantum absum ab ista sententia, ut non modo non arbitrer … sed, etc., id. de Or. 1, 60, 255): tantum abest ab eo, ut malum mors sit, ut verear, ne, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76: ego vero istos tantum abest ut ornem, ut effici non possit, quin eos oderim, so far am I from—that, id. Phil. 11, 14; sometimes etiam or quoque is added to the second clause, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2; Suet. Tib. 50; more rarely contra, Liv. 6, 31, 4. Sometimes the second ut is left out: tantum afuit, ut inflammares nostros animos: somnum isto loco vix tenebamus, Cic. Brut. 80, 278; on the contrary, once in Cic. with a third ut: tantum abest ut nostra miremur, ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus, ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse Demosthenes, Or. 29, 104.
  2. II. Hence,
    1. A. To be away from any thing unpleasant, to be freed or free from: a multis et magnis molestiis abes, Cic. Fam. 4, 3: a culpa, id. Rosc. Am. 20: a reprehensione temeritatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23.
    2. B. To be removed from a thing by will, inclination, etc.; to be disinclined to (syn. abhorreo)’ a consilio fugiendi, Cic. Att. 7, 24: ab istis studiis, id. Planc. 25: ceteri a periculis aberant, kept aloof from, avoided, Sall. C. 6, 3. toto aberant bello, Caes. B. G. 7, 63.
    3. C. To be removed from a thing in regard to condition or quality, i. e. to be different from, to differ = abhorrere abest a tua virtute et fide, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2: istae κολακεῖαι non longe absunt a scelere, id. Att. 13, 30: haec non absunt a consuetudine somniorum, id. Divin. 1, 21, 42.
      Since improvement, as well as deterioration, may constitute the ground of difference, so absum may, according to its connection, designate the one or the other: nullā re longius absumus a naturā ferarum, in nothing are we more elevated above the nature of the brute, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50; so also the much-contested passage, Cic. Planc. 7, 17: longissime Plancius a te afuit, i. e. valde, plurimis suffragiis, te vicit, was far from you in the number of votes, i. e. had the majority; v. Wunder ad Planc. proleg. p. 83 sq.; on the other hand, to be less, inferior: longe te a pulchris abesse sensisti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 339, 23: multum ab eis aberat L. Fufius, id. Brut. 62, 222; so Hor. A. P. 370.
    4. D. Not to be suitable, proper, or fit for a thing: quae absunt ab forensi contentione, Cic. Or. 11, 37: ab principis personā, Nep. Ep. 1, 2.
    5. E. To be wanting, = desum, Pac. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 122 Rib.): unum a praeturā tuā abest, one thing is wanting to your praetorship, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 25: quaeris id quod habes; quod abest non quaeris, Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 16; cf. Lucr. 3, 970 and 1095.
      After Cicero, constr. in this signif. with dat.: quid huic abesse poterit de maximarum rerum scientiā? Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 48: abest enim historia litteris nostris, history is yet wanting to our literature, id. Leg. 2, 5.
      So esp. in the poets: donec virenti canities abest morosa, Hor. C. 1, 9, 17; 3, 24, 64; Ov. M. 14, 371.
      Hence the phrase non multum (neque multum), paulum, non (haud) procul, minimum, nihil abest, quin. not much, little, nothing is wanting that (Zumpt, Gr. § 540); but not parum, since parum in good classical authors does not correspond in meaning with non multum, but with non satis (v. parum): neque multum abesse ab eo, quin, etc., Caes. B. G. 5, 2, 2; and absol.: neque multum afuit quin, id. B. C. 2, 35, 4: paulumque afuit quin, ib. § 2: legatos nostros haud procul afuit quin violarent, Liv. 5, 4 fin.: minimum afuit quin periret, was within a little of, Suet. Aug. 14: nihil afore credunt quin, Verg. A. 8, 147 al.
  3. F. Abesse alicui or ab aliquo, to be wanting to any one, to be of no assistance or service to (opp. adsum): ut mirari Torquatus desinat, me, qui Antonio afuerim, Sullam defendere, Cic. Sull. 5: facile etiam absentibus nobis (without our aid) veritas se ipsa defendet, id. Ac. 2, 11, 36: longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani afuturum, Caes. B. G. 1, 36. So also Cic. Planc. 5, 13: et quo plus intererat, eo plus aberas a me, the more I needed your assistance, the more you neglected me, v. Wunder ad h. l.; cf. also Sall. C. 20 fin.
  4. G. Cicero uses abesse to designate his banishment from Rome (which he would never acknowledge as such): qui nullā lege abessem, Cic. Sest. 34, 37; cf.: discessus.
    Hence, absens, entis (gen. plur. regul. absentium; absentum, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 5), P. a., absent (opp. praesens).
    1. A. In gen.: vos et praesentem me curā levatis et absenti magna solatia dedistis, Cic. Brut. 3, 11; so id. Off. 3, 33, 121; id. Verr. 2, 2, 17: quocirca (amici) et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant, id. Lael. 7, 23: ut loquerer tecum absens, cum coram id non licet, id. Att. 7, 15: me absente, id. Dom. 3; id. Cael. 50: illo absente, id. Tull. 17; id. Verr. 2, 60: absente accusatore, id. ib. 2, 99 al.
      Sup.: mente absentissimus, Aug. Conf. 4, 4.
      Of things (not thus in Cic.): Romae rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem tollis ad astra, Hor. S. 2, 7, 28; so, Rhodus, id. Ep. 1, 11, 21: rogus, Mart. 9, 77, 8: venti, Stat. Th. 5, 87: imagines rerum absentium, Quint. 6, 2, 29: versus, Gell. 20, 10.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. In conversat. lang.
          1. (α) Praesens absens, in one’s presence or absence: postulo ut mihi tua domus te praesente absente pateat, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 29.
          2. (β) Absente nobis turbatumst, in our absence (so also: praesente nobis, v. praesens), Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; Afran. ap. Non. 76, 19 (Com. Rel. p. 165 Rib.).
      2. 2. In polit. lang., not appearing in public canvassings as a competitor: deligere (Scipio) iterum consul absens, Cic. Rep. 6, 11; so Liv. 4, 42, 1; 10, 22, 9.
      3. 3. = mortuus, deceased, Plaut. Cas. prol. 20; Vitr. 7, praef. § 8.
      4. 4. Ellipt.: absens in Lucanis, absent in Lucania, i. e. absent and in Lucania, Nep. Hann. 5, 3; so id. Att. 8, 6.

* absūmēdo, ĭnis, f. [absumo], a consuming or devouring consumption, in a pun: quanta sumini absumedo! Plaut. Capt. 4, 3, 3.

ab-sūmo, mpsi, mptum (not msi, mtum), 3, v. a.

  1. I. Orig., to take away; hence, to diminish by taking away. Of things, to consume, to annihilate; of persons, orig. to ruin, to corrupt; later, in a phys. sense, to kill. Thus Hercules, in the transl. of the Trachiniae, complains: sic corpus clade horribili absumptum extabuit, consumed, ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; so Philoctetes in a piece of Attius: jam jam absumor: conficit animam vis vulneris, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.): jam ista quidem absumpta res erit: diesque noctesque estur, bibitur, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78: absumpti sumus, pater tuus venit, we are lost, undone! id. ib. 2, 1, 18; id. Am. 5, 1, 6: nisi quid tibi in tete auxili est, absumptus es, you are ruined, id. Ep. 1, 1, 76: dum te fidelem facere ero voluisti, absumptu’s paene, id. Mil. 2, 4, 55: pytisando modo mihi quid vini absumpsit! has consumed, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 48; so, absumet heres Caecuba dignior, Hor. C. 2, 14, 25: mensas malis, Verg. A. 3, 257; cf. id. G. 3, 268; and: absumptis frugum alimentis, Liv. 23, 30, 3: urbem flammis, to consume, destroy, Liv. 30, 7, 9; cf. Vell. 2, 130; Plin. Ep. 10, 42: plures fame quam ferro absumpti, Liv. 22, 39, 14; cf.: quos non oppresserat ignis, ferro absumpti, killed, id. 30, 6, 6; and: multi ibi mortales ferro ignique absumpti sunt, id. 5, 7, 3; so, nisi mors eum absumpsisset, id. 23, 30 fin.; and: animam leto, Verg. A. 3, 654.
    Absumi, to be killed: ubi nuper Epiri rex Alexander absumptus erat, Liv. 9, 17 fin.
    Absumi in aliquid, to be used for any thing, to be changed into: dentes in cornua absumi, Plin. 11, 37, 45 fin.
  2. II. Fig., to ruin: cum ille et curā et sumptu absumitur, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 26: satietatem amoris, to consume, id. ib. 5, 5, 6.
    Often of time: ne dicendo tempus absumam, spend, pass, Cic. Quint. 10; so, quattuor horas dicendo, Liv. 45, 37, 6: diem, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 114: biduum inter cogitationes, Curt. 3, 6, 8: magnam partem aetatis in hoc, Quint. 12, 11, 15.

* absumptĭo, ōnis, f. [absumo], a consuming, Dig. 7, 5, 5.

absumptus, a, um, Part. of absumo.

absurdē, adv., v. absurdus.

* absurdĭtas, ātis, f. [absurdus], dissonance, incongruity, absurdity, (late Lat.), Claud. Mam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 102 Lindemann.

ab-surdus, a, um, adj. [ab, mis-, and Sanscr. svan = sonare; cf. susurrus, and σῦριγξ, = a pipe; cf. also absonus], out of tune, hence giving a disagreeable sound, harsh, rough.

  1. I. Lit.: vox absona et absurda, Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41; so of the croaking of frogs: absurdoque sono fontes et stagna cietis, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15.
  2. II. Fig., of persons and things, irrational, incongruous, absurd, silly, senseless, stupid: ratio inepta atque absurda, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 22: hoc pravum, ineptum, absurdum atque alienum a vitā meā videtur, id. ib. 5, 8, 21: carmen cum ceteris rebus absurdum tum vero in illo, Cic. Mur. 26: illud quam incredibile, quam absurdum! id. Sull. 20: absurda res est caveri, id. Balb. 37: bene dicere haud absurdum est, is not inglorious, per litotem for, is praiseworthy, glorious, Sall. C. 3 Kritz.
    Homo absurdus, a man who is fit or good for nothing: sin plane abhorrebit et erit absurdus, Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85: absurdus ingenio, Tac. H. 3, 62; cf.: sermo comis, nec absurdum ingenium, id. A. 13, 45.
    Comp., Cic. Phil. 8, 41; id. N. D. 1, 16; id. Fin. 2, 13.
    Sup., Cic. Att. 7, 13.
    Adv.: absurdē.
      1. 1. Lit., discordantly: canere, Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12.
      2. 2. Fig., irrationally, absurdly, Plaut. Ep. 3, 1, 6; Cic. Rep. 2, 15; id. Div. 2, 58, 219 al.
        Comp., Cic. Phil. 8, 1, 4.
        Sup., Aug. Trin. 4 fin.

Absyrtis, v. 2 Absyrtus.

1. Absyrtus, i, m., = Ἄψυρτος, a son of Æetes, king of Colchis, killed by his sister Medea in her flight with Jason; he was torn in pieces by her, and his limbs were scattered in the way to prevent her father’s pursuit, Ov. Tr. 3, 9, 6 sq.; Cic. N. D. 3, 19, 48.

2. Absyrtus, i, m., = Ἄψυρτος, a river in Illyria which flows into the Adriatic Sea, Luc. 3, 190 (al. Absyrtis or Apsyrtis).