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2. ācer, cris, cre, adj. (m. acris, Enn.; f. acer, Naev. and Enn.; acrus, a um, Pall.; Veg.; cf. Charis. 63 and 93 P.) [cf. ἀκίς, ἀκών, άκμή, ἄκρος, ὠκύς, ὀξύς; Sanscr. acan = dart, acus = swift; Germ. Ecke; Engl. edge, to egg; and with change of quantity, ăcus, acuo, ăceo, ăcies, ăcerbus], sharp, pointed, piercing, and the like.

  1. I. Prop., of the senses and things affecting them, sharp, dazzling, stinging, pungent, fine, piercing: praestans valetudine, viribus, formā, acerrimis integerrimisque sensibus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45. So,
        1. a. Of the sight: acerrimus sensus videndi, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: acres oculi, id. Planc. 27: splendor, Lucr. 4, 304: quidam colores ruboris acerrimi, Sen. Q. N. 1, 14 al.
        2. b. Of the hearing: voce increpet acri? Lucr. 3, 953: aurium mensura, quod est acrius judicium et certius, Cic. de Or. 3, 47: acrem flammae sonitum, Verg. G. 4, 409: acri tibiā, Hor. C. 1, 12, 1.
        3. c. Of smell, Lucr. 4, 122: exstinctum lumen acri nidore offendit nares, id. 6, 792; cf. ib. 1216: unguentis minus diu delectemur summa et acerrima suavitate conditis, quam his moderatis, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99: odor, Plin. 12, 17, 40.
        4. d. Of taste: ut vitet acria, ut est sinapi, cepa, allium, Var. ap. Non. 201, 13: acres humores, sharp juices, Cic. N. D. 2, 23: lactuca innatat acri stomacho, an acid stomach, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59; cf. ib. 2, 8, 7: dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere, Plin. Ep. 7, 3 al.
        5. e. Of sensation in its widest extent: aestatem auctumnus sequitur, post acer hiems fit, sharp, severe, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 ed. Vahl.—cf. Lucr. 3, 20; 4, 261); and so Hor.: solvitur acris hiems, C. 1. 4, 1.
    1. B. Of the internal states of the human system, violent, sharp, severe, gnawing: fames, Naev. ap. Prisc. l. l. (B. Punic. p. 18 ed. Vahl.): somnus, Enn. ap. Prisc. l. l. (Ann. v. 369): morbus, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119: dolor, Lucr. 6, 650: sitis, Tib. 1, 3, 77 al.
  2. II. Of the states of mind: violent, vehement, passionate, consuming: mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22: acri ira percitus, Lucr. 5, 400: cf. 3, 312; 6, 754 (on the contrary, 5, 1194: iras acerbas): acres curae, Lucr. 3, 463, and Var. ap. Non. 241: luctus, ib. 87: dolor, Verg. A. 7, 291: metus, Lucr. 6, 1211; Verg. A. 1, 362: amor, Tib. 2, 6, 15: acrior ad Venerem cupido, Curt. 6, 5 al. (Among unpleasant sensations, acer designates a piercing, wounding by sharpness; but acerbus the rough, harsh, repugnant, repulsive.)
    1. B. Applied to the intellectual qualities, subtle, acute, penetrating, sagacious, shrewd: acrem irritat virtutem animi, Lucr. 1, 70: acri judicio perpende, id. 2, 1041: memoria, strong, retentive, Cic. de Or. 2, 87: vir acri ingenio, id. Or. 5; cf. id. Sest. 20 al.
    2. C. Applied to moral qualities.
      1. 1. In a good sense, active, ardent, eager, spirited, brave, zealous: milites, Cic. Cat. 2, 10: civis acerrimus, an ardent patriot, id. Fam. 10, 28: defensor, id. ib. 1, 1: studio acriore esse, id. de Or. 1, 21: jam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus, Verg. G. 2, 405 al.
      2. 2. In a bad sense, violent, hasty, hot, passionate, fierce, severe (very freq.): uxor acerrima, enraged, angry, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 56; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 32: dominos acres, Lucr. 6, 63; Nep. Tim. 3, 5; cf. Bremi Nep. Eum. 11, 1. Also, of animals, Lucr. 4, 421; 5, 860; Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. Epod. 12, 6; 2, 31; Nep. Eum. 11, 1.
    3. D. Of abstract things (mostly poet.), Ter. Ph. 2, 2, 32: egestas, Lucr. 3, 65: poenas, id. 6, 72: impetus, ib. 128; 392: acerrimum bellum, Cic. Balb. 6: nox acerrima atque acerbissima, id. Sull. 18: acrius supplicium, id. Cat. 1, 1; in Quint.: acres syllabae, which proceed from short to long, 9, 4.
      Acer is constr. with abl., and also (esp. in the histt. of the silv. age) with gen., Vell. 1, 13; Tac. H. 2, 5 al.; cf. Ramsh. § 107, 6 note. With in, Cic. Fam. 8, 15; with inf., Sil. 3, 338.
      Adv.: ācrĭter, sharply, strongly, vehemently, eagerly, zealously, etc., in all the signif. of the adj., Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 110; id. Ps. 1, 3, 39; Lucr. 6, 783; Cic. Tusc. 1, 30 al.
      Comp., Lucr. 3, 54; 5, 1147; Hor. S. 2, 3, 92; Tac. A. 6, 45; 13, 3.
      Sup., Cic. Fl. 11; id. Fam. 10, 28; 15, 4.
      Also, ācre, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 132, 25; App. M. 10, 32; and perh. Pers. 4, 34.

Acrĭae, ārum, f., Ἀκριαί, a town of Laconia, Liv. 35, 27, 3.

ācrĭcŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [2. acer], somewhat sharp, testy: ille acriculus senex Zeno, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 38 (cf. acerbus, and the passage there quoted fr. Cic. N. D. 3, 31).

ācridĭum, ĭi, n., another name for the scammonia, acc. to Isid. Orig. 17, 9, 64.

ācrĭfŏlĭum, ii, n. [2. acer + folium], an unknown tree of ill omen, Auct. ap. Macr. Sat. 2, 16.

Acrillae, ārum, f., a town in Sicily, on the road from Syracuse to Agrigentum, Liv. 24, 35, 8.

ācrĭmōnĭa, ae, f. [2. acer], sharpness or pungency (so far as it has a quickening, animating power, diff. fr. acerbitas, which desig. a disagreeable sharpness).

  1. I. Lit., of taste: si ulcus acrimoniam brassicae ferre non poterit, the pungency, irritation, smart, Cato R. R. 157, 5: dulcis cum quadam acrimonia, Plin. 24, 14, 78, § 128; cf. sinapis, id. 18, 13, 34, § 128 al.
    Of smell, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.
  2. II. Fig., sharpness, acrimony, austerity of character, energy of acting: “animi vivacitas,” Non. 73, 17: mei feri ingeri iram atque animi acrem acrimoniam, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 11); cf.: vim, ferociam, animi, atrocitatem, iram, acrimoniam, Att. ib. (Ribbeck, p. 196): convenit in vultu pudorem et acrimoniam esse, Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26; cf. ib. 4, 13, 19; 24, 34: si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52.
    Of abstract objects: vis et acrimonia causae, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 143: licentiae, Auct. Her. 4, 37, 49.
    Of discourse, sharpness of speech (opp. sermo): tum in sermone, tum in acrimonia, now in common conversation, now in sharp talk, Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.

Ācrĭsĭōnē, es, f., Ἀκρισιώνη, the daughter of Acrisius, i. e. Danaë, Verg. Cat. 11, 33.

Ācrĭsĭōnēus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Acrisius: arces, i. e. Argos, Ov. M. 5, 239: muri, i. e. Ardea, built by Danaë, the daughter of Acrisius, Sil. 1, 661; so, coloni, Verg. A. 7, 410 (where some improperly refer it to Danaë).

Ācrĭsĭōnĭădes, ae, m. patron., Ἀκρισιωνιάδης, a descendant of Acrisius, i. e. Perseus, son of Danaë, Ov. M. 5, 70.

Ācrĭsĭus, ii, m., Ἀκρίσιος, King of Argos, son of Abas, and father of Danaë; unintentionally killed by his grandson, Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 608 sq.; Verg. A. 7, 372; Hor. C. 3, 16, 5 al.

1. ācrĭtas, ātis, f. [2. acer], i. q. acritudo, Gell. 13, 3, 2: vis veritatis atque acritas, Att. ap. Non. 493, 14 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 196).

2. Ācrītās, ae, m., Ἀκρίτας, the most southerly promontory in Messenia, now Capo di Gallo, Mel. 2, 3, 8; 2, 7, 10; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.

ācrĭter, adv., v. 2. acer fin.

ācrĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [2. acer], the quality of acer, sharpness.

  1. I. Lit., of a fluid, Vitr. 2, 9, 12; 8, 3, 18 sq.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Liveliness, vivacity, force: vigor et acritudo populi Romani, Gell. 10, 27: haut quisquam potis est tolerare acritudinem, Att. ap. Fest. p. 356 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 196).
    2. B. Harshness of character: morum, App. M. 9, 224.