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āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. ἄγχος = ὦμος (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].

  1. I. Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.
    Poet., of the gods: Mors atris circumvolat alis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 58: volucris Fati Tardavit alas, id. C. 2, 17, 25: bibulae Cupidinis alae, Ov. A. A. 1, 233: furvis circumdatus alis Somnus, Tib. 2, 1, 89: me jocundis Sopor impulit alis, Prop. 1, 3, 45: Madidis Notus evolat alis, Ov. M. 1, 264.
    Of sails: velorum pandimus alas, Verg. A. 3, 520.
    Of oars: classis centenis remiget alis, Prop. 4, 6, 47: remigium alarum, Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125); so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis, Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. πτεροῖς ἐρέσσει, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743).
    Of wind and lightning: Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis, Verg. A. 5, 319 al.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34: aliquid sub alā portare, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12: hirquinae, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51: hirsutae, Hor. Epod. 12, 5: halitus oris et alarum vitia, Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142: virus alarum et sudores, id. 35, 15, 52, § 185: sudor alarum, Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).
    2. B. In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder-blade.
      Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.
      Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.
    3. C. In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.
    4. D. In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. πτερά, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.
    5. E. In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1: Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice, Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45: dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est, Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.
      An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.
      Note: Such alae gave names to several towns, since they were either levied from them, quartered in them, or, after the expiration of their time of service, received the lands of such towns.
      So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).

Ălăbanda, ōrum, n. and ae, f., a city in the interior of Caria, distinguished for its wealth and luxury, founded by Alabandus, who was honored by the inhabitants as a deity; now Arab-Hissar; plur. form, Cic. N. D. 3, 15; 3, 19; Liv. 33, 18; 38, 13; Juv. 3, 70; sing. form, Plin. Ep. 5, 29.
Hence, Ălăbandenses, Cic. N. D. 3, 19; Liv. 38, 13; or Ălăbandēni, the inhabitants of Alabanda, Liv. 45, 25.—Ălăbandeus (four syll.), a, um, adj., of Alabanda: Hierocles, Cic. Brut. 95; Vitr. 7, 5.—Ălă-bandĭcus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Alabanda, Plin. 19, 9, 56, § 174; 21, 4, 10, § 16 al.
Also, Ălăbandĭnus, a, um: gemma, a precious stone, named after Alabanda, Isid. Orig. 16, 13.

ălăbarches and ălăbarchĭa, ae, v. arabarches, arabarchia.

† ălăbaster, tri, m. (plur. also ălăba-stra, n.), = ἀλάβαστρος, plur. -ρα.

  1. I. A box or casket for perfumes, tapering to a point at the top, a box for unguents: alabaster plenus unguenti, * Cic. Ac. Post. ap. Non. 545, 15: mulier habens alabastrum unguenti, Vulg. Matt. 26, 7; ib. Marc. 14, 3; ib. Luc. 7, 37: redolent alabastra, Mart. 11, 8, 9; Plin. 13, 2, 3, § 19.
    Hence,
  2. II. The form of a rose-bud, pointed at the top: in virides alabastros fastigato, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14.

† ălăbastrītes, ae, m., = ἀλαβαστρίτης.

  1. I. A stone, composed of carbonate of lime (not of gypsum, like the modern alabaster), alabaster-stone; also called onyx and onychites, from which unguent and perfume boxes were made, Plin. 36, 8, 12, § 60.
  2. II. A precious stone found in the region of the Egyptian town Alabastron, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143.

Ălăbastron oppidum (Ἀλαβαστρῶν πόλις, Ptol.), a city of Egypt in the Thebais, Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61.

† ălăbēta, ae, m., = ἀλαβής, a fish found in the Nile: Silurus anguillaris, Linn.; Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.

Ălăbis, is, m., a river in Sicily, Sil. 14, 228.

ălăcer, cris, e, adj. (also in masc. alacris, Enn., v. below; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13, and Verg. A. 5, 380; cf. Charis. p. 63 P.
In more ancient times, alacer comm.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 685, and 2. acer) [perh. akin to alere = to nourish, and olēre = to grow; cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; Auct. ad Her. 2, 19, 29], lively, brisk, quick, eager, active; glad, happy, cheerful (opp. languidus; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 247, and 4, 450.
In the class. per., esp. in Cicero, with the access. idea of joyous activity).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Of men: ignotus juvenum coetus, alternā vice Inibat alacris, Bacchio insultans modo, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P.: quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris? why are you so disturbed? or why so excited? Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13 ( = incitatus, commotus, Ruhnk.): videbant Catilinam alacrem atque laetum, active and joyous, Cic. Mur. 24, 49: valentes imbecillum, alacres perterritum superare, id. Cael. 28: Aman laetus et alacer, Vulg. Esth. 5, 9: alacres animo sumus, are eager in mind, Cic. Fam. 5, 12 fin. Manut.; Verg. A. 6, 685 al.
      With ad: alacriores ad reliquum perficiendum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31: ad maleficia, id. ib. 2, 30: ad bella suscipienda alacer et promptus animus, Caes. B. G. 3, 19; so Sall. C. 21, 5: ad rem gerendam, Nep. Paus. 2, 6.
      With super: alacri corde super omnibus, Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 66.
      In Sall. once for nimble, active: cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu certabat, Fragm. 62, p. 248 Gerl.
    2. B. Of animals: equus, Cic. Div. 33, 73: bestiae, Auct. ad Her. 2, 19.
  2. II. Transf., poet., of concrete and abstract things: alacris voluptas, a lively pleasure, Verg. E. 5, 58; so, alacres enses, quick, ready to cut, Claud. Eutr. 2, 280: involant (in pugnam) impetu alacri, with a spirited, vigorous onset, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 90.
    Sup. not used; cf. Charis. 88 P.; Rudd. I. p. 177, n. 48.
    Adv.: ălăcrĭter, briskly, eagerly, Amm. 14, 2.
    Comp., Just. 1, 6, 10.

ălăcrĭtas, ātis, f. [alacer], the condition or quality of alacer, liveliness, ardor, briskness, alacrity, eagerness, promptness, joy, gladness: alacritas rei publicae defendendae, Cic. Phil. 4, 1: mirā sum alacritate ad litigandum, Cic. Att. 2, 7; so id. ib. 16, 3: alacritas studiumque pugnandi, Caes. B. G. 1, 46: animi incitatio atque alacritas, id. B. C. 3, 92: alacritas animae suae, Vulg. Eccli. 45, 29: finem orationis ingens alacritas consecuta est, Tac. Agr. 35: (naves) citae remis augebantur alacritate militum in speciem ac terrorem, id. A. 2, 6.
Of animals: canum in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 63.
Of a joyous state of mind as made known by external demeanor, transport, rapture, ecstasy: inanis alacritas, id est laetitia gestiens, Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36: vir temperatus, constans, sine metu, sine aegritudine, sine alacritate ullā, sine libidine, id. ib. 5, 16, 48.
With obj. gen., joy on account of something: clamor Romanorum alacritate perfecti operis sublatus, Liv. 2, 10 med.
* In plur.: vigores quidam mentium et alacritates, Gell. 19, 12, 4.

ălăcrĭter, adv., v. alacer fin.

Ălămanni, v. Alemanni.

Ălānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to the Alani, = Ἀλανοί, a very warlike Scythian nation upon the Tanais and Palus Mœotis: gens Alana, Claud. B. Get. 583.
Subst.: Ălānus, i, m., one of the Alani, Luc. 10, 454.
Com. plur.: Ălāni, ōrum, the Alani, Plin. 4, 12, 25, § 80; Sen. Thyest. 629; Luc. 8, 223; Val. Fl. 642.

ălăpa, ae, f. [akin to -cello, to smite, as if calapa; cf. κόλαφος], a stroke or blow upon the cheek with the open hand, a box on the ear: ducere gravem alapam alicui, to give, Phaedr. 5, 3: ministri eum alipis caedebant, Vulg. Marc. 14, 65; ib. Joan. 18, 22; 19, 3; esp. among actors, for the purpose of exciting a laugh among their auditors, * Juv. 8, 192; * Mart. 5, 61, 11.
When a slave was emancipated, his master gave him an alapa; hence, poet.: multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt, i. e. with me freedom is much more dearly purchased, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.

‡ ălăpus, i, m. [alapa], a parasite, who submitted to the box on the ear for gold, Gloss. Isid.; cf. Barth. Advers. 19, 22.

Ălărīcus, i, m., Alaric, a king of the Goths, Claud. B. Get. 431.

ālārĭus, a, um (less freq. ālāris, e), adj. [ala].
In milit. lang., that is upon the wing (of an army), of the wing (opp. legionarii, v. ala, II. E.): cohortes alariae et legionariae, i. e. of the allies, Caes. B. C. 1, 73: cum cohortibus alariis, Liv. 10, 40 Weissenb.: alarii equites, id. 40, 40; so Tac. A. 3, 39; 4, 73; 12, 27 al.
Subst., the form ālārĭus, * Cic. Fam. 2, 17: ut ad speciem alariis uteretur, auxiliaries, allies, Caes. B. G. 1, 51.
The form ālāris, e: inter legionarios aut alares, Tac. H. 2, 94: alares Pannonii, id. A. 15, 10: alares exterruit, id. ib. 15, 11.

Alasi, orum, m., a tribe of Libya, Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 37.

† Ălastor, ŏris, m., = ἀλάστωρ (a tormentor).

  1. I. One of the companions of Sarpedon, king of Lycia, killed by Ulysses before Troy, Ov. M. 13, 257.
  2. II. Name of one of the four horses in the chariot of Pluto, Cland. R. Pros. 1, 284.

ălăternus, i, f. [perh. akin to Germ. Erle; Engl. alder], a shrub: Rhamnus Alaternus, Linn.; Col. 7, 6; Plin. 16, 26, 45, § 108.

ālātus, a, um, adj. [ala], furnished with wings, winged (only poet.).
Of Mercury: plantae, * Verg. A. 4, 259: pes, Ov. F. 5, 666: Phoebus alatis aethera carpit equis, id. ib. 3, 416.

ălauda, ae, f. [Celtic; lit. great songstress, from al, high, great, and aud, song; cf. the Fr. alouette; Breton. al’ choueder; v. Diefenbach in Zeitschriften für vergl. Sprachf. IV. p. 391].

  1. I. The lark, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.
  2. II. Ălauda, the name of a legion raised by Cœsar, in Gaul, at his own expense (prob. so called from the decoration of their helmet): unam (legionem) ex Transalpinis conscriptam, vocabulo quoque Gallico (Alauda enim appellabatur) civitate donavit, Suet. Caes. 24: cum legione Alaudarum ad urbem pergit, Cic. Att. 16, 8: Huc accedunt Alaudae ceterique veterani, id. Phil. 13, 2.

* ălausa, ae, f. [Fr. alose], a small fish in the Moselle, the shad: Culpea alosa, Linn.; Aus. Mos. 127.

† 1. ălāzōn, ŏnis, m., = ἀλαζών (boasting), a braggart, boaster, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 8.

2. Ălāzon, ŏnos, m., a river in Albania, now Alasan, Plin. 6, 10, 11, § 29; Val. Fl. 6, 102.

Ălĕmanni (Ălămanni and Ălă-mani), ōrum, m. [= Alle-Männer],

  1. I. the Alemanni, German tribes who (as their name indicates) formed a confederation on the Upper Rhine and Danube, from whom the Gauls transferred the name to the whole German nation; cf. Aur. Vict. Caes. 21; Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 17; Sid. 5, 375.
  2. II. Derivv.,
      1. 1. Ălĕmannĭa (Ălăm-), ae, f. [cf. Fr. Allemagne; Ital. Alemagna], the country of the Alemanni, Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 234.
      2. 2. Ălĕmannĭcus (Ălăm-), a, um, adj., Alemannic, pertaining to the Alemanni: tentoria, Amm. 27, 2.
        Hence, a surname of Caracalla, on account of his victory over the Alemanni, Spart. Carac. 10.
      3. 3. Ălĕmannus (Ălăm-), i, m., a surname of the emperor Gratian, on account of his victory over the Alemanni, Aur. Vict. Epit. 47.

ărăbarches (this is the proper form, not ălăbarches; cf. Haeckermann in Jahn’s Neue Jahrbb. 1849, 15, supplem., pp. 450-566; very likely some said alabarches and alabarchia, because of the foll. r, to avoid two rs), ae, m., = ἀραβάρχης, an officer of customs in Egypt, Juv. 1, 130 Jahn, Hermann.
Sarcastically of Pompey, because he boasted that he had augmented the taxes so much: velim ex Theophane expiscere, quonam in me animo sit Arabarches, Cic. Att. 2, 17, 3.

ărăbarchīa (not ălăb-; v. arabarches), ae, f., a kind of customs in Egypt, Cod. Just. 4, 61, 9.