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antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. ἀντί, over against, facing, ἄντα, ἄντην; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.). Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).

  1. A. In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
    1. 1. In space: quem ante aedīs video, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136: ante ostium Me audivit stare, Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5: Ornatas paulo ante fores, Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26: ante meum limen, Juv. 11, 190: ante suum fundum, Cic. Mil. 10: ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur, id. Off. 3, 14, 58: ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras, Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268: ante altaria, id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24.
      Of persons: ante hosce deos erant arulae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3: quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere, Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477: ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit, id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773: ante se statuit funditores, Liv. 42, 58: Flos Asiae ante ipsum, Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2: si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos, Juv. 8, 11.
      Trop.: ante oculos collocata, Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192: ante oculos errat domus, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9: donec stet ante judicium, Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.
      And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of: ante Dominum vilior fiam, Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.: non te justifices ante Deum, ib. Eccli. 7, 5: justi ambo ante Deum, ib. Luc. 1, 6; and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini, ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.
      Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.
      With verbs of motion: ante me ito, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70: equitatum omnem ante se mittit, Caes. B. G. 1, 21: ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere, id. B. C. 1, 55: praecurrit ante omnes, id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.
    2. 2. Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.
      So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one: facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse, Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz: tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse, superior to, Liv. 35, 14: necessitas ante rationem est, necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.
      Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
      1. a. Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation; also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago, Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120: scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8: tua ante omnes experientia, Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9: Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit, Verg. A. 4, 59: Ipse est ante omnes, Vulg. Col. 1, 17: O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo, Verg. A. 3, 321: ante omnes furor est insignis equarum, id. G. 3, 266: scelere ante alios immanior omnīs, id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42: ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus, Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.
      2. b. Ante omnia.
        1. (α) Before all things, first of all: alvus ante omnia ducitur, Cels. 7, 30: oportet autem ante omnia os nudare, id. 8, 2: Ante omnia instituit, ut etc., Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21: Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc., Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.
        2. (β) Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty: publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt, Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4: quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis, Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125: dulces ante omnia Musae, the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72: deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum, Juv. 10, 191.
        3. (γ) In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν οὖν; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4): ante omnia quid sit rhetorice, Quint. 2, 15, 1: ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit, id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.
  2. B. Of time.
    1. 1. Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf. Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22: ante diem caupo sciet, Juv. 9, 108: ante brumam, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28: ante noctem, Hor. S. 1, 4, 51: pereundum erit ante lucernas, Juv. 10, 339: ante haec omnia, Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.
      The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
      1. a. By a person who lived at the time: jam ante Socratem, before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44: qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini, before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3: ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni, Verg. G. 1, 125: vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi, Hor. C. 4, 9, 25: ante Helenam, id. S. 1, 3, 107: ante se, Tac. H. 1, 50: quod ante eum nemo, Suet. Caes. 26 al.
      2. b. By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64: ante has meas litteras, i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17: per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro, Liv. 1, 59: ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum, Ov. M. 1, 5: ante sidus fervidum, Hor. Epod. 1, 27: ante cibum, id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428: Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta, before their A B C, id. 14, 209: cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus? Verg. A. 11, 424: Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas, Juv. 1, 169.
        Also by the designation of the office of a person: ante aedilitatem meam, Cic. Att. 12, 17: ante sceptrum Dictaei regis, Verg. G. 2, 536: ante imperium ducis, Flor. 4, 2, 66: relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis, Just. 2, 10.
        And by the designation of office in app. to the person: mortuus est ante istum praetorem, Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115: docuerant fabulas ante hos consules, id. Brut. 18, 73: cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur, Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3: quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere, id. Epam. 8, 3.
        A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation: ante hanc urbem conditam, before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam): non multo ante urbem captam, id. Div. 1, 45: ante Epaminondam natum, Nep. Epam. 10, 4: ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli, Sall. J. 110, 2: ante decemviros creatos, Liv. 3, 53 al.
    2. 2. Hence particular phrases.
      1. a. Ante tempus,
        1. (α) Before the right time: ante tempus excitatis suis, Liv. 31, 36.
        2. (β) Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time: factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus, Cic. Lael. 3: honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit, Suet. Aug. 26: venisti ante tempus torquere nos? Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).
      2. b. Ante diem, poet.,
        1. (α) Before the time: Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem, Ov. A. A. 1, 184: ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales, Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.
        2. (β) Before the time destined by fate: filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos, Ov. M. 1, 148: hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras, id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739: sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc., Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: εἰ δὲ τοῦ χρόνου πρόσθεν θανοῦμαι).
      3. c. Ante hunc diem, with a negative: istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem, never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7: neque umquam ante hunc diem, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23: Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit, Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius).
    3. 3. Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.: in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit, Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr., Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17: supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies, Liv. 45, 2, 12.
    4. 4. Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment: ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii, Nep. Arist. 2, 3: qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit, id. Timoth. 2, 3: invictus ante eam diem fuerat, Curt. 5, 3, 22.
    5. 5. Ante annos, before the destined time: Ante suos annos occidit, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46: Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem, beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.: suos annos praeterire, Sil. 4, 428; and: annos transcendere factis, id. 2, 348).
    6. 6. Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin: ante hoc incognita, Luc. 6, 116: ante hoc domūs pars videntur, Tac. G. 13.
  • II. Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
    1. A. Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9: fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5: coronatus stabit et ante calix, Tib. 2, 5, 98: plena oculis et ante et retro, Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.
      Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.): si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro, Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35: pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque, Verg. G. 3, 552.
  • B.
    1. 1. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
        1. a. With verbs: nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante, Ter. And. 1, 5, 4: id te oro, ut ante eamus, id. ib. 3, 3, 24; very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset, Cic. Phil. 11, 14: quae ante acta sunt, id. Verr. 1, 109: sicut ante fecimus, Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20: fructus omnis ante actae vitae, Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16: apud vos ante feci mentionem, Cic. Agr. 3, 4: faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum, id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320: illud de quo ante dixi, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116: quos ante dixi, id. Off. 2, 14, 50: ut ante dixi, id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45: quem ad modum ante dixi, id. Sex. Rosc. 91: additis, quae ante deliquerant, Tac. A. 6, 9: filium ante sublatum brevi amisit, id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.
          And often accomp. by jam: acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.
          Rarely accomp. by saepe.: ut saepe ante fecerant, Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.
        2. b. Rarely with adjj.: non filius ante pudicus, Juv. 3, 111: quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos, Tac. A. 14, 7.
        3. c. Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.): illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7: etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te, id. Fam. 4, 9: paucis diebus ante, id. Phil. 2, 40: viginti annis ante, id. Lael. 12, 42: voverat eam annis undecim ante, Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51: quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere, a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7: Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt, a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5: ante quadriennium amissus es, four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45: aliquot ante annos, Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.
        4. d. With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum: multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3: haud multo ante adventum, Tac. Agr. 18.
          And in the order ante multo: ante multo a te didicerimus, Cic. Sen. 2, 6: Venisti paulo ante in senatum, id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30; 6, 29 et saep.
          And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae, id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.
          And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46: tanto ante praedixeras, id. Phil. 2, 33: quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset, id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28: quanto ante providerit, Cic. Sest. 8: permultum ante certior factus eram litteris, id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.
      1. 2. Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
        1. a. With ind. pres.: ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi, Cic. Quinct. 48: ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam, id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.
        2. b. With ind. perf.: memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere, Cic. Lael. 3, 11: anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius, id. Brut. 18, 72: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, id. Fam. 10, 3: neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit, Liv. 39, 10: ante quam ille est factus inimicus, Cic. Phil. 12, 9.
        3. c. Rarely with fut. perf.: ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari, Cic. Phil. 11, 24: neque defatigabor ante quam … percepero, id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.
        4. d. With subj. pres.: ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet, Cic. Agr. 2, 53: hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur, id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.
        5. e. With subj. imperf.: Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit, Cic. Verr. 2, 167: qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium, id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.
        6. f. With subj. perf.: ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est, Cic. Phil. 14, 1: domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris, id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40: nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit, Liv. 42, 52: nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset, Suet. Caes. 67.
        7. g. With subj. pluperf.: se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc., Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71: qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi, Cic. Planc. 98: ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset, id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.
        8. h. With inf.: dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire, Cic. Quinct. 54.
        9. i. With part.: armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt, Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.; and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621).
          In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante, Lucr. 3, 972: Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim, Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.
          Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam: sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo, Verg. A. 4, 24; so, prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota? Prop. 3, 20, 25.
      2. 3. For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum): ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur, Cels. 7, 29: et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc., id. 5, 26: ante tonderi … deinde … tum, etc., id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.
      3. 4. Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek): neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum, earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. τῶν πάρος κακῶν, Soph. O. T. 1423): ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem, Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
  • III. In composition.
    1. A. Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.
    2. B. Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.
    3. C. Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens
    4. D. In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

    antĕā, temp. adv. (old form * antidĕā or anteidĕā, MS., Liv. 22, 10, 6; v. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 680) [ante-eā like antehāc, posteā, posthāc, proptereā, quāpropter, etc., in which Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 769, regards the pron. as an old acc. with the a final long; Key, Gr. § 802, regards these suffixes as corrupted from the acc. of pronouns in -am; cf. quam], of some (past or pres.) time, before, formerly, earlier, aforetime, in time past, etc. (relative; while antehac demonstr. is used only in ref. to present time. The use of antea for prius is censured by Atticus in Cic. Att. 15, 13).

    1. I. Absol.: nam antea Quī scire posses aut ingenium noscere? Ter. And. 1, 1, 25: antea, cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi et rapaces magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41: ac fuit antea tempus, cum, etc., Caes. B. G. 6, 24: cum antea semper factiosus fuisset, Nep. Lys. 1, 3: et antea laudatus et hoc tempore laudandus, Cic. Phil. 10, 6, 13; so id. Fam. 12, 30; 13, 17 al.: hunc audiebant antea, nunc praesentem vident, etc., id. Imp. Pomp. 5; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 57; id. Fam. 9, 16; Liv. 5, 17; 13, 41 al.: si antea fuit ignotum, nuper est cognitum, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23: quales antea fuerant, Vulg. Ex. 34, 4; ib. Jer. 36, 32; ib. Luc. 23, 12 et saep.
    2. II. Freq. opp. to postea, post, posthac, tum, tunc, etc.: et clari fuerunt, et antea fuerant, nec postea defecerunt, Cic. Or. 2, 6; so id. Fam. 1, 9, 74; Suet. Dom. 2: hanc consuetudinem jam antea minuebamus, post Sullae victoriam penitus amisimus, Cic. Off. 2, 8, 27; so id. Att. 1, 11: non accusabimur posthac: neque antea neglegentes fuimus, id. ib. 7, 3: semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā, id. Mil. 21; so Liv. 23, 19; so, antea … tunc, id. 29, 9.
    3. III. Rarely for ante followed by deinde, mox, etc.: clipeis antea Romani usi sunt, deinde scuta pro clipeis fecere, formerly, at an earlier period … then, in process of time, etc., Liv. 8, 8: Poneropolis antea, mox Philippopolis, nunc Trimontium dicta, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41.
    4. IV. Rarely also for ante, followed by quam: te antea, quam tibi successum esset, decessurum fuisse, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2 B. and K.: Achaei non antea ausi capessere bellum, quam ab Romā revertissent legati, Liv. 35, 25, 3 Weissenb.

    antĕ-ĕo, īvi or ii, īre, v. n. (old form antĭdeo = anteeo, like antidea for antea, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3; antidit = anteit, id. Trin. 2, 4, 145 Ritschl. In verse the e in ante blends with the foll. e or i, per synaloephen, into one syll.; hence, anteire trisyl., Lucr. 4 [141]; cf. Hor. C. 1, 35, 17; id. Ep. 1, 2, 70 al.; later we find the sync. forms: pres. subj. antēat, Ov. A. A. 2, 726; fut. antībo, Tac. A. 5, 6; pluperf. subj. antīssent, id. ib. 3, 69; inf. antīsse, id. ib. 4, 40).

    1. I. In space, to go before, precede, to take the lead; with dat., acc., or absol.
          1. a. With dat.: interdum montes Montibus anteire (videntur), Lucr. 4 [141]: praetoribus anteeunt, Cic. Agr. 2, 34.
          2. b. With acc.: te anteit necessitas, Hor. C. 1, 35, 17.
          3. c. Absol.: barbarum jubebat anteire, Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; so Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 70; Liv. 1, 59; Tac. A. 3, 69; Suet. Caes. 57; id. Aug. 64.
    2. II. Trop.
      1. A. To go before: anteibit faciem tuam justitia, * Vulg. Isa. 58, 8.
      2. B. To excel, surpass any one: virtus omnibus rebus anteit, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 18: Qui omnīs homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi, id. Cist. 2, 1, 3: aliquem sapientiā, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 17: alicui aetate, Cic. Phil. 9, 1; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5: aliquem virtutibus, Nep. Thras. 1, 3: aetatem meam honoribus vestris anteistis, Liv. 38, 51: candore nives, cursibus auras, Verg. A. 12, 84 al.
        Pass.: se aequales tui, abs te anteiri putant, Cic. Sull. 8: a deterioribus honore anteiri, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 3; Tac. H. 2, 101.
        More rare,
      3. C. To anticipate, prevent any thing: damnationem anteiit, Tac. A. 6, 29; id. ib. 15, 38.
      4. D. To oppose, resist: auctoritati parentis, Tac. A. 5, 3.
      5. * E. Poet., to know beforehand, to foreknow: quid vellet crastinus Auster, Anteibat, Sil. 14, 455.

    antĕ-hāc (old form antĭdhāc, like antidea for antea, and antideo for anteeo, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 79; id. Aul. 2, 8, 26; id. Cas. prol. 88; id. Cist. 1, 1, 1; 1, 3, 50; id. Ep. 4, 1, 12; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 10; id. Ps. 1, 1, 14; 2, 2, 26; id. Poen. 3, 5, 7.
    Antehac, dissyl., Hor. C. 1, 37, 5) [v. antea], before this (present) time, formerly, aforetime, in time past, previously (demonstr.; on the contr. antea, before any fixed time, rel.; cf. antea): quod antehac imperitabam, nunc te oro, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 47; id. Mil. 4, 8, 56: magis me benigne nunc salutas, quam antidhac, id. Poen. 3, 5, 7; Ter. And. 1, 2, 16: antehac sperare saltem licebat, nunc etiam id ereptum est, Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 6; Hor. C. 1, 37, 5: utque antehac flagitiis, ita tunc legibus laborabatur, Tac. A. 3, 25.
    Sometimes for antea (rel.), before any specified time, earlier, before that time: Nam hic quidem omnem imaginem meam, quae antehac fuerat, possidet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 302: ea saepe antehac fidem prodiderat, Sall. C. 25, 4.

    antĕ-pagmentum or antĭp-, i, n. [pango]; in archit., every thing that is used for garnishing the exterior of a house, as the ornaments about the doors, windows, etc., Cato, R. R. 14; cf. Vitr. 4, 6; Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll.; Müll. Archaeol. § 287.

    ante-sto or anti-sto, stĕti, 1, v. n., to stand before, only in a trop. signif., to excel, be superior to; with dat. or acc.; also absol., to distinguish one’s self, to be distinguished: brassica, quae omnibus holeribus antistat, Cato, R. R. 156: Crotoniatae omnibus corporum viribus et dignitatibus antestiterunt, Cic. Inv. 2, 12 B. and K.: quanto antestaret eloquentia innocentiae, Nep. Arist. 1, 2 Halm: virtute ceteris, Claud, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13: aliquem, Met. Numid. ap. Gell. 12, 9: Scandinavia magnitudine alias (insulas) antestat, Mel. 3, 6, 7: Herculis antistare si facta putabis, * Lucr. 5, 22 Lachm.

    antiae, ārum, f. (cf. Charis. p. 20 P.) [ante], the hair growing upon the forehead, forelock; of Apollo, App. Flor. 3, p. 342, 1; of lions, Tert. Pall. 4; of the hair of women, Paul. ex Fest. s. h. v. p. 15 Müll.

    Antĭānus, Antĭas, Antĭātīnus, v. Antium.

    † antĭbacchīus, i, adj., = ἀντιβακχεῖ ος.

    1. I. Pes, a poetical foot, the antibacchus or reversed Bacchius, ⏑–– (e. g. nĕpō tēs), Ter. Maur. p. 2414 P. (acc. to other ––⏑).
    2. II. Versus, a verse composed of this foot, Diom. p. 513 P.; called palimbac chius by Quint. 9, 4, 82; Isid. Orig. 1, 16, p. 30 Lind.

    † antĭbăsis (antĕb-), is, f., = ἀντίβασις (counter-basis), the hindmost small pillar at the pedestal of the ballista, Vitr. 10, 17; cf. id. 10, 15.

    † antĭbŏrēus, a, um, adj., = ἀντιβόρειος, turned toward the north: horologium, Vitr. 9, 9.

    † antĭcătēgŏrĭa, ae, f., = ἀντικατηγορία, a recrimination, counter-plea, Aug. 3: contra Cresc. 26; 74 fin. (in Quint. 3, 10, 4, and 7, 2, 9, written as Greek, Halm).

    Antĭcăto, ōnis, m., the title of Cœsar’s reply to Cicero’s panegyric of Cato Uticensis, the title of which was Cato, Quint. 1, 5, 68; Juv. 6, 337; Gell. 4, 16; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. 267 and 462; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 182, 7.

    † Antī̆christus, i, m., = Ἀντίχριστος, the Antichrist (eccl. Lat.); Vulg. 1 Joan. 2, 18; 2, 22; 4, 3; ib. 2 Joan. 7; very freq. in the Church fathers.

    † antichthŏnes, um, m., = ἀντίχθονες, = antipodes (ἀντίπόδες), the antipodes Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 81; Mel. 1, 1; 1, 9.

    antĭcĭpātĭo, ōnis, f. [anticipo].

    1. I. A preconception, the innate notion of a thing formed before receiving instruction concerning it, Gr. πρόληψις (only in Cic.): deorum, Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 43: sive anticipatio sive praenotio deorum, id. ib. 1, 17, 43.
    2. II. The first movements of the body before walking, Arn. 3, p. 107.
    3. III. In rhet., a figure of speech, anticipation = occupatio and πρόληψις, Jul. Ruf. p. 30 Pith.

    antĭ-cĭpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [ante-capio].

    1. I. To take before one or before the time, to anticipate something.
          1. a. With acc.: vigilias, Vulg. Psa. 76, 5: nos, ib. ib. 78, 8: ita est informatum anticipatumque mentibus nostris, etc., already known, innate, Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 76 (cf. anticipatio; B. and K. here reject anticipatumque): qui anticipes ejus rei molestiam, quam triduo sciturus sis, id. Att. 8, 14: anticipata via, travelled over before, Ov. M. 3, 234: mortem, Suet. Tib. 61: saeculares anticipati (i. e. justo maturius editi), id. Claud. 21 al.
          2. b. With inf. (eccl. Lat.): anticipemus facere pacem, Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 4.
          3. c. Absol., to anticipate: sol Anticipat caelum radiis accendere temptans, Lucr. 5, 658; Varr. ap. Non. p. 70, 13: venti uno die anticipantes, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122.
    2. * II. To surpass, excel: alicujus acumen, Aus. Ep. 4, 69 (by conj. of Salmas.).

    Anticlēa or -īa, ae, f., = Ἀντικλεία, the mother of Ulysses, Hyg. Fab. 201; App. de Deo Socr. 24, p. 55; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 529; in Cicero, erroneously put for the nurse of Ulysses, Euryclea, Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46.

    antīcus, a, um, adj. [ante], that is in front, foremost, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.: antica (pars) ad meridiem, postica ad septentrionem, Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll.: pars, * Cic. Tim. 10.

    Antĭcyra, ae, f., = Ἀντίκιρρα, Dicaearch. and Strabo; Ἀντίκυρρα, Eustath.; and Ἀντίκυρα, which the Romans followed.

    1. I. A town in Phocis, on a peninsula (which Pliny and Gellius erroneously call an island), on a bay of the Corinthian Gulf, now Aspra Spitia, famous for hellebore; hence much frequented by hypochondriacs, Ov. P. 4, 3, 54; Liv. 26, 26; 28, 8; 30, 18; 32, 18; Plin. 22, 25, 64, § 133; 25, 5, 21, § 52.
    2. II. A town on the Sinus Maliacus, also noted for hellebore, but less famous than the foregoing; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 83; 2, 3, 166; Gell. 17, 15.
    3. III. A town of Locris, at the entrance of the Corinthian Gulf, often confounded with the Anticyra in Phocis, Liv. 26, 26 (Hor., A. P. 300, speaks as if all three places produced hellebore: tribus Anticyris Caput insanabile; and the plur. Anticyrae, in Pers. 4, 16, may be used in the same way, or the form may be here a mere poetic exaggeration; v. Gildersleeve ad h. l.).

    † antĭdactylus, a, um, adj., = ἀντιδάκτυλος: pes, a reversed dactyl, ⏑⏑– (e. g. lĕgĕrēnt), Mar. Vict. p. 2488 P.

    antĭdĕa or anteĭdĕa, v. antea.

    antĭdĕo, v. anteeo init.

    antĭdhac, v. antehac init.

    † antĭdŏtum, i, n., and -us or -ŏs, i, f. (cf. Scrib. Larg. Comp. 99, 106, and passages cited there), = ἀντίδοτον (-ος), a counterpoison.

    1. I. Lit.: antidota raro, sed interdum necessaria sunt, Cels. 5, 23; Phaedr. 1, 14, 3: se antidotum daturum, Quint. 7, 2, 25; so Suet. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 34 al.: antidotus, Gell. 17, 16; Dig. 18, 1, 35.
      Sometimes, in gen., an antidote, remedy, Spart. Hadr. 23.
    2. II. Trop.: antidotum adversus Caesarem, Suet. Calig. 29.

    Antiensis, v. Antium.

    † antigerio, an ancient word for valde, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll. [perh. antegero]; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 40; 8, 3, 25.

    Antignōtus, i, m., = Ἀντίγνωτος, an artist that cast statues, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 86.

    Antĭgŏnē, ēs, or Antĭgŏna, ae, f., = Ἀντιγονη.

    1. I. A daughter of the Theban king Œdipus, Hyg. Fab. 72: Antigones, Juv. 8, 228.
    2. II. A daughter of the Trojan king Laomedon: Antigonen, Ov. M. 6, 93; Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 320.

    Antĭgŏnēa, ae, f., = Ἀντιγόνεια or Ἀντιγονία, the name of several towns.

    1. I. In Epirus, Liv. 32, 5; 43, 23.
      Hence, An-tĭgŏnensis: ager, Liv. 43, 23; and An-tĭgŏnenses, ium, m., its inhabitants, Plin. 4, praef. 1, 1.
    2. II. In Macedonia, Liv. 44, 10.
    3. III. In Arcadia, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 20.
    4. IV. In Troas, afterwards called Alexandria, Plin. 5, 30, 33, § 124.

    Antĭgŏnus, i, m., = Ἀντίγονος.

    1. I. The name of several kings after Alexander the Great.
      1. A. Antigonus I., father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; Just. 13.
      2. B. Antigonus Gonatas, son of Demetrius Poliorcetes, Just. 17, 1; 24, 1 al.
      3. C. Antigonus Doson, Liv. 40, 54; Just. 28, 3.
    2. II. Of other persons.
      1. A. Antigonus of Cymœ, a writer on Agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8, Col. 1, 1, 9.
      2. B. A plastic artist, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 84.
      3. C. A messenger of king Deiotarus, Cic. Deiot. 15, 41.
      4. D. A Roman freedman, Cic. Fam. 13, 33.

    Antĭlĭbănus, i, m., = Ἀντιλίβανος, a mountain range in Phœnicia, opposite to Libanus, now Jebel esh-Shurky, Cic. Att. 2, 16; cf. Mann. Phoen. 270 sq.

    Antĭlŏchus, i, m., = Ἀντίλοχος, a son of Nestor, slain by Hector before Troy, Hor. C. 2, 9, 14; Ov. H. 1, 15; Juv. 10, 253.

    Antĭmăchus, i, m., = Ἀντίμαχος.

    1. I. A Greek poet of Colophon, a contemporary of Socrates and Plato, and author of a Thebaid, Cic. Brut. 51, 191; Cat. 95, 10; Prop. 3, 32, 45.
    2. II. A centaur slain by Cœneus in the contest with the Lapithœ, Ov. M. 12, 460.
    3. III. A son of Ægyptus, murdered by his bride, Idæa, Hyg. Fab. 170.
    4. IV. A statuary, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 86.

    † antĭmĕtăbŏlē, ēs, f., = ἀντιμεταβολή, a rhet. fig., a reciprocal interchange, in Auct. ad Her. 4, 28, 39, called commutatio, e. g.: non ut edam vivo, sed ut vivam edo, Isid. Orig. 2, 21, p. 81 Lind. (in Quint. 9, 3, 85, written as Greek, Halm).

    † antĭnŏmĭa, ae, f., = ἀντινομία, a contradiction between laws, Quint. 7, 7, 1; so id. 7, 10, 2; 3, 6, 45.

    Antĭŏchēa or Antĭŏchīa (like Alexandrēa, Alexandrīa, q. v.; cf. Prisc. p. 588 P., and Ochsn. Eclog. 143), ae, f., = Ἀντιόχεια, Antioch.

    1. I. The name of several cities.
      1. A. The most distinguished is that founded by Seleucus Nicator, and named after his father Antiochus; the chief town of Syria, on the Orontes, now Antakia, Just. 15, 4; Cic. Arch. 3, 4; cf. Mann. Syr. 363.
      2. B. A town in Caria, on the Mœander; also called ΙΙυθόπολις, Liv. 38, 13; Plin. 5, 29, 29, § 108.
      3. C. In Mesopotamia, afterwards called Edessa, Plin. 5, 24, 21, § 86.
      4. D. In Mygdonia (Mesopotamia), Ἀντιόχεια ὴ Μυγδονική, now Nisibin, Plin. 6, 13, 16, § 42.
      5. E. In Macedonia; its inhabitants, Antiochienses, Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 35.
    2. II. The province of Syria, in which Antiochia, on the Orontes, was situated, Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 66; Mel. 1, 11, 12.

    1. Antĭŏchensis, e, adj. [Antiochia], of or belonging to Antiochia: plebs, Amm. 14, 7.
    Hence, in plur.: Antĭŏchenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Antiochia, Caes. B. C. 3, 102; Tac. H. 2, 80; 2, 82 al.

    * 2. Antĭŏchensis, e, adj. [Antiochus], of or belonging to King Antiochus: pecunia, received from him, Val. Max. 3, 7, 1 (cf. 2. Antiochenus).

    1. Antĭŏchēnus, a, um, adj. [Antiochia], of or belonging to Antiochia: ager, Ven. Fort. 8, 5 fin.

    2. Antĭŏchēnus, a, um, adj. [Antiochus], of or belonging to King Antiochus: pecunia, received from him, Gell. 4, 18; 7, 19 fin. (cf. 2. Antiochensis).

    Antĭŏchēus or -īus, a, um, adj., = Ἀντιόχειος, of or pertaining to the philosopher Antiochus: ista Antiochea contemnit, Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Att. 13, 19.

    Antĭŏchīnus, a, um, adj. [Antiochus].

    1. I. Of King Antiochus Magnus: bellum, Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17; cf. Fasti Capitol. Baiter, p. xli.
    2. II. Of or pertaining to the philosopher Antiochus, the founder of the fifth Academy, Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1.

    Antĭŏchīus, v. Antiocheus.

    Antĭŏchus, i, m., = Ἀντίοχος.

    1. I. The name of several Syrian kings, among whom Antiochus Magnus was most distinguished, on account of his war with the Romans, Liv. 31, 14; 33, 13 sq. al.; Nep. Hann. 2, 7; Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75; id. Verr. 1, 21; id. Sest. 27; id. Deiot. 13 al.
    2. II. The name of an Academic philosopher, a teacher of Cicero and Brutus, Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132; id. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Brut. 91, 315.

    Antĭŏpa, ae, f., = Ἀντιόπη.

    1. I. A daughter of Nycteus, wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, mother of Amphion and Zethus. She was bound to the neck of a bull by Dirce, whom Lycus had married, but was released by her sons, Hyg. Fab. 7.
    2. II. The name of a tragedy of Pacuvius, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Pers. 1, 77.

    Antĭpăter, tri (later form, ANTIPATRVS, Inscr. Orell. 4727), m., = Ἀντίπατρος.

    1. I. One of the generals and successors of Alexander the Great, the father of Cassander, Just. 11, 7; 11, 12; 13, 5 al.; Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48.
    2. II. His grandson, son of Cassander, and son-in-law of Lysimachus, Just. 16, 1.
    3. III. The name of several philosophers.
      1. A. Of a Cyrenaic, Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107.
      2. B. Of a Stoic, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51; id. Ac. 2, 6, 17; id. Div. 1, 3; 1, 20.
      3. C. Of a contemporary of Cicero, from Tyre, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 86.
      4. D. A distinguished lawyer, friend of the orator L. Crassus, Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 54; id. Brut. 26, 102; id. Leg. 1, 2 al.

    † 1. antĭpăthēs, is, f., = ἀντιπαθής (serving as remedy for suffering), a black kind of coral used as a preventive of witchcraft, Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 145.

    2. antĭpăthĕs, is, n., = ἀντιπαθές, a charm against pain, Lael. ap. App. Mag. 30.

    † antĭpăthīa, ae, f., = ἀντιπάθεια, the natural aversion of two things to each other, antipathy (opp. concordia), Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 20, 4, 13, § 28; 24, 9, 41, § 67 al.

    Antĭpā̆trĭa, ae, f., = Ἀντιπατρία, a town in Macedonia, on the borders of Illyria, Liv. 31, 27.

    Antĭphătes, ae, m., = Ἀντιφάτης.

    1. I. A king of the Lœstrygones, who sunk the fleet of the Greeks returning from Troy with Ulysses, and devoured one of his companions, Ov. M. 14, 234 sq.; Juv. 14, 20; Sil. 8, 531.
    2. II. A son of Sarpedon, slain by Turnus, Verg. A. 9, 696.

    † antĭpherna, ōrum, n., = ἀντίφερνα, the return-present which the bridegroom brought to the bride, Cod. Just. 5, 3, 20.

    Antĭphōn, ōntis, m., = Ἀντιφῶν.

    1. I. A renowned sophist of Rhamnus, a contemporary of Socrates, Cic. Brut. 12, 47; Quint. 3, 1, 11; 12, 10, 22.
    2. II. The name of an interpreter of dreams, Cic. Div. 1, 20; 1, 51.

    † antĭphrăsis (better written as Gr.), is, f., = αντίφρασις, the use of a word in a sense opposite to its proper meaning; as, lucus, quod minime luceat, Diom. p. 458 P.; cf. Charis. p. 247 P. al.

    † antĭpŏdes, um, m., = ἀντίποδες, the antipodes, Lact. 3, 23; Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 9; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 532; hence ironic. of banqueters who turn night to day, Sen. Ep. 122 (in Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123, written as Greek).

    Antĭpŏlis, is, f., = Ἀντίπολις.

    1. I. A city in Gaul, now Antibes, Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Mel. 2, 5.
      Hence, Antĭpŏlĭtānus, a, um, adj., of or from Antipolis: thynni, found in that region, Mart. 13, 103; cf. id. 4, 89.
    2. II. An old settlement in Latium, afterwards Janiculum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 68.

    † antiptōsis, is, f., = ἀντίπτωσις, a gram. fig., the putting of one case for another, Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 577; 2, 283; 6, 727; 10, 653; 11, 56 al.

    antīquārĭus, a, um, adj. [antiquus], pertaining to antiquity.

    1. I. Adj.: ars, the art of reading and copying ancient MSS., Hier. Ep. ad Flor. 5, 1.
      Hence,
    2. II. Subst.: antīquārĭus, ii, m.
      1. A. One that is fond of or employs himself about antiquities, an antiquarian, antiquary (post-Aug.): nec quemquam adeo antiquarium puto, ut, etc., Tac. Or. 21; * Suet. Aug. 86.
        Also * antī-quārĭa, ae, f., she that is fond of antiquity, a female antiquarian, Juv. 6, 454.
      2. B. One that understands reading and copying ancient MSS., Cod. Th. 4, 8, 2; Aus. Ep. 16 al.

    * antīquātĭo, ōnis, f. [antiquo]; in judicial lang., an abrogating, annulling, repealing: poenarum, Cod. Th. 6, 55, 4.

    antīquē, adv., v. antiquus.

    antīquĭtas, ātis, f. [antiquus], the quality of being antiquus, age, antiquity (class., but only in prose).

    1. I. In gen.: antiquitas generis, Cic. Font. 14, 31; so Nep. Milt. 1, 1: non vestra (urbs) haec est, quae gloriabatur a diebus pristinis in antiquitate suā? Vulg. Isa. 23, 7.
    2. II. Spec., ancient time, antiquity.
      1. A. Lit.: fabulae ab ultimā antiquitate repetitae, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 65: habet ut in aetatibus auctoritatem senectus, sic in exemplis antiquitas, id. Or. 50, 169: antiquitas dat dignitatem verbis, Quint. 8, 3, 24; Suet. Ner. 38 al.
      2. B. Meton.
        1. 1. The occurrences of antiquity, the history of ancient times, antiquity: tenenda est omnis antiquitas, Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 18: memoria antiquitatis, id. Brut. 59, 214: antiquitatis iter, id. de Or. 1, 60, 256 al.: antiquitatis amator, Nep. Att. 18, 1 Bremi and Dähne; cf. id. ib. 20 al.
          In plur., a title of historical or archœological works, antiquities; cf. Plin. praef.; Gell. 5, 13: Varro in antiquitatibus rerum humanarum scripsit, etc., id. 11, 1 et saep.
        2. 2. Men of former times, the ancients: errabat multis in rebus antiquitas, Cic. Div. 2, 33; cf. Hand, Wopk. Lectt. Tull. p. 209; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 27: antiquitas melius ea, quae erant vera, cernebat, id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26: fabulose narravit antiquitas, Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 85; 19, 4, 19, § 1 al.
        3. 3. The condition or state of former times (eccl. Lat.): Et soror tua Sodoma et filiae ejus revertentur ad antiquitatem suam, Vulg. Ezech. 16, 55 ter.
    3. II. Esp., with the access. idea of moral excellence (cf. antiquus, II. C.), the good old times, the honesty of the good old times, integrity, uprightness, etc.: P. Rutilius documentum fuit virtutis, antiquitatis, prudentiae, Cic. Rab. Post. 10: his gravissimae antiquitatis viris probatus, id. Sest. 3: haec plena sunt antiquitatis, id. Planc. 18, 45; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 209: exemplar antiquitatis, Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 1.

    antīquĭtŭs, adv., v. antiquus fin.

    antīquo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [antiquus; cf.: veto, vetus].

    1. I. In class. Lat. only a t. t. of civil life, to leave it in its ancient state, to restore a thing to its former condition (antiquare est in modum pristinum reducere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Müll.).
      Hence of a bill, to reject it, not to adopt it: legem agrariam antiquari facile passus est, Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73; so Liv. 4, 58; 5, 30, 55 et saep.: Piso operam dat, ut ea rogatio antiquetur, Cic. Att. 1, 13; cf. id. ib. 1, 14; Liv. 31, 6; cf. id. 45, 35; 6, 39; 6, 40: legem antiquāstis, Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (cf. the letter A, abbrev.): plebiscitum primus antiquo abrogoque, Liv. 22, 30.
    2. II. In eccl. Lat., to make old: Dicendo novum, veteravit prius; quod autem antiquatur prope interitum est, * Vulg. Heb. 8, 13.

    antīquus, a, um, adj. [a diff. orthog. for anticus, from ante] (of that which is before in time, while anticus denotes that which is before in space; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2223 P.), that has been or has been done before, old, ancient, former (opp. novus, that has not previously existed, new; while vetus, that has existed a long time, is opp. recens, that has not been long in existence, recent; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 21; Lind. ad Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 154, and id. Capt. 1, 2, 29; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 82 sq.).

    1. I. Lit.: Juppiter Alcumenam rediget in antiquam concordiam conjugis, to her former harmony with her husband, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13: hoc timet, Ne tua duritia antiqua illa etiam adaucta sit, thy former severity, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; so id. Hec. 1, 2, 17; Lucr. 2, 900: causam suscepisti antiquiorem memoriā tuā, Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25: tres epistulas tuas accepi: igitur antiquissimae cuique respondeo, id. Att. 9, 9: antiquior dies in tuis erat adscripta litteris, quam in Caesaris, an earlier or older date, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 3, 58: Nilus antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo, Ov. M. 1, 423 et saep.
      Hence, subst.
      1. A. antīqui, ōrum, m., the ancients, esp. the ancient writers (i. e. those whose age has been long past; while veteres denotes those who have lived and acted for a long time): antiquorum auctoritas, Cic. Am. 4, 13; so Hor. S. 1, 4, 117; 2, 2, 89 et saep.: quod decus antiqui summum bonum esse dixerunt, Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55: habemus Scaurum in antiquis, id. Brut. 30, 116; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 78 et saep.
        And so in gen.: in antiquis est sapientia, Vulg. Job, 12, 12: sapientia omnium antiquorum, ib. Eccli. 39, 1: dictum est antiquis, ib. Matt. 5, 21 al.: facere in antiquum, to restore a thing to its former condition, to place on its old footing, Liv. 33, 40 dub.
        Antiquus and vetus are often conjoined: veterem atque antiquam rem (old and antiquated) novam ad vos proferam, Plaut. Am. prol. 118; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Most. 2, 2, 45; id. Poen. 5, 2, 18; id. Pers. 1, 2, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 106; Plin. Ep. 3, 6: vetera tantum et antiqua mirari, Tac. Or. 15: simultas vetus et antiqua, Juv. 15, 53; so id. 6, 21 al.
      2. B. an-tīquum, i, n., antiquity, the things of olden times: Nec quicquam antiqui Pico, nisi nomina, restat, Ov. M. 14, 396: novissima et antiqua, Vulg. Psa. 138, 5: antiqua ne intueamini, ib. Isa. 43, 18.
    2. II. Transf.
      1. A. Poet., = praeteritus, past, gone by, former: vulnus, Ov. P. 1, 5, 38: vigor, id. Tr. 5, 12, 32: carcer, Luc. 6, 721; Val. Fl. 2, 394.
        So often in eccl. Lat.: dies antiqui, Vulg. Deut. 4, 32; ib. Act. 15, 7: anni, ib. Mal. 3, 4: tempora, ib. Act. 15, 21.
      2. B. In comp. and sup., that is before or first in rank or importance, more or most celebrated, famous, preferable, or better (antiquior: melior, Non. p. 425, 32): genere antiquior, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 3: quanto antiquius quam etc., Lucil. ib.; Varr. ib.: quod honestius, id mihi est antiquius, Cic. Att. 7, 3: antiquior ei fuit laus et gloria quam regnum, id. Div. 2, 37: antiquiorem mortem turpitudine habere, Auct. ad Her. 3, 3: neque habui quicquam antiquius quam ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 11, 5: ne quid existimem antiquius, id. Phil. 13, 3: neque prius neque antiquius quicquam habuit, quam ut, etc., Vel. 2, 52; Suet. Claud. 11: judiciorum causam antiquissimam se habiturum dixit, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1: navalis apparatus ei antiquissima cura fuit, id. Att. 10, 8; 12, 5; Liv. 1, 32; cf. id. 9, 31 al.
      3. C. With the access. idea of simplicity, purity, innocence, of the old fashion, good, simple, honest, etc. (cf. antiquitas, II. A., and our phrase the good old times): antiquis est adulescens moribus, Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 37; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 20: homo antiquā virtute et fide, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88: homines antiqui, qui ex suā naturā ceteros fingerent, people of the old stamp, Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vestigia antiqui officii, id. ib. 10, 27: vide quam sim antiquorum hominum, id. Att. 9, 15: vir sanctus, antiquus, Plin. Ep. 2, 9.
      4. D. With the access. idea of veneration, honor, old, venerable, illustrious: antiquum veteres etiam pro nobili posuere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Müll.: terra antiqua potens armis, Verg. A. 1, 531; 3, 164: urbs, id. ib. 11, 540: Longior antiquis visa Maeotis hiems, Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 2: Sabinae, id. Med. 11: Amyclae, id. M. 8, 314.
        So, in eccl. Lat., after the Heb., of God: Antiquus Dierum, the Ancient of Days, Vulg. Dan. 7, 9; 7, 13; 7, 22.
      5. E. Sometimes = vetus, that has been in existence a long time, old: Athenae, antiquum opulentum oppidum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 470, 5: mos, id. ib. p. 506, 1: amnis, Att. ap. Non. p. 192, 6: hospes, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 82: veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum); so, amicus, Vulg. Eccli. 9, 14: discipulus, ib. Act. 21, 16: artificium, Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5: genus, Nep. Dat. 2, 2: templa, Hor. S. 2, 2, 104: antiquissima scripta, id. Ep. 2, 1, 28: saxum antiquum (i. e. which for a long time had lain in this place), ingens, etc., Verg. A. 12, 897: ne transfer terminos antiquos, Vulg. Prov. 22, 28 et saep.
        Hence, subst.: antīquum, i, n., an old custom or habit.
          1. a. In mal. part.: antiquum hoc obtines tuum, tardus ut sis, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 102.
          2. b. In bon. part.: O optume hospes, pol Crito antiquum obtines! Ter. And. 4, 5, 22: Ac tu ecastor morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines, id. Hec. 5, 4, 20.
    3. F. Aged: antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, Enn. Medea, ap. Non. p. 39, 2 (as a transl. of the Gr. ΙΙαλαιὸν οἴκων κτῆμα δεσποίνης ἐμῆς): Cives antiqui, amici majorum meūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155: Butes, Verg. A. 9, 647: antiqui Neleïa Nestoris arva, Ov. H. 1, 63; Dig. 50, 3, 1.
      Hence, adv.: antīquē and an-tīquĭtŭs (formed from antiquus, as humanitus, divinitus, from humanus, divinus; cf. Prisc. p. 1015).
    1. I. In former times, of old, anciently (only in prose; most freq. in the histt.; never in Cic.). Form antīquĭ-tŭs: Belgas Rhenum antiquitus transductos, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 7, 32: tectum antiquitus constitutum, Nep. Att. 13, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Aug. 60; 94; Vulg. Jos. 11, 10; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8.
      Sup.: Titanas in eā antiquissime regnāsse, Sol. 11.
    2. II. From ancient times; form antīquĭtŭs; sometimes with inde or ab … ad, Plin. Pan. 31: cum Pythagoras acceptam sine dubio antiquitus opinionem vulgaverit, Quint. 1, 10, 12: jam inde antiquitus insita pertinacia, Liv. 9, 29: hi sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, etc., id. 34, 27; Plin. Pan. 82, 7: cum (hoc studium) antiquitus usque a Chirone ad nostra tempora apud omnes duraverit, Quint. 1, 10, 30.
    3. III. In the old way, style, or fashion; form antīquē: nimis antique dicere, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66.
      Comp.: simplicius et antiquius permutatione mercium uti, in the simpler and more ancient manner, Tac. G. 5.
      Esp., in the good old style, the way or fashion of former times: quanto antiquius, quam facere hoc, fecisse videatis, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 426, 3.

    † antirrhīnon (-um), i, n., = ἀντίρρινον; also ănarrhīnon, i, n., = ἀνἀρρινον, a plant, wild lion’s-mouth: Antirrhinum Orontium, Linn.: antirrhinum, Plin. 25, 10, 80, § 129 Jan; cf. App. Herb. 86.

    † antīsăgōgē, ēs, f., = ἀντεισαγωγή, a figure of speech by which one thing adduced is opposed to another, a counter-assertion, Mart. Cap. 5, p. 172.

    † antiscĭi, ōrum, m., = ἀντίσκιο. (counter-shadows), people on the other side of the equator, whose shadows are cast in the opposite direction from ours, Amm. 22, 15 fin.

    † antĭsigmă, ătis, n., = ἀντίσιγμα.

    1. I. A character, Ↄ, which the emperor Claudius wished to introduce into Latin for ps = the Gr. ψ, Prisc. p. 558 P.; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, 5; Wordsworth’s Early Lat. p. 9.
    2. II. A critical mark, Ↄ, placed before a verse which is to be transposed, Isid. Orig. 1, 20.

    † antĭsŏphista, ae, m., = ἀντισοφιστής, a counter-sophist, i. e. a grammarian who takes the opposite side of a question (only post-Aug.), Quint. 11, 3, 127; Suet. Tib. 11; so id. Gram. 9.

    † antispastus, i, m., = ἀντίσπαστος (reversed), in metre (sc. pes), an antispast, a foot in verse, ⏑––⏑, i. e. the choriambus reversed, e. g. Mĕdūllīnă, Diom. p. 478 P.; hence: antispasticum metrum, verse consisting of antispasts, id. p. 505 P.

    † antispŏdos, i, f., = ἀντίσποδος, ashes used instead of spodium, Plin. 34, 13, 35, § 133.

    Antissa, ae, f., = Ἄντισσα, a town in the southern part of the island of Lesbos, now Kalas Limneonas, Liv. 45, 31; Ov. M. 15, 287; Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 89.
    Hence, An-tissaei, ōrum, m., inhabitants of Antissa, Liv. 45, 31.

    * antistātus, ūs, m. [v. antesto], superiority in rank: angelorum, Tert. adv. Val. 13.

    antistĕs, ĭtis, m. and f. (fem. also antistĭta, ae, like hospita from hospes, sospita from sospes, clienta from cliens, Inscr. Orell. 2200; cf. Charis. p. 77 P.; Prisc. p. 650 P.) [antisto = antesto, q. v.; pr. adj., standing before], an overseer, president.

    1. I. Lit.
      1. A. In gen. (rare): vindemiatorum, Col. 3, 21, 6: imperii Romani, Tert. Apol. 1.
        In fem., a female overseer: latrinarum, Tert. Pall. 4 fin.
        Far more freq.,
      2. B. Esp., an overseer of a temple, a high-priest: caerimoniarum et sacrorum, Cic. Dom. 39, 104; id. Div. 2, 54 fin.: Jovis, Nep. Lys. 3, 3; Liv. 9, 34; 1, 7: sacrorum, Juv. 2, 113.
        In the O. T. simply a priest: et sanctificarentur antistites, * Vulg. 2 Par. 29, 34.
        In the Christian writers, a bishop, Cod. Just. 1, 3; 1, 18 et saep.
      3. C. In fem., a female overseer of a temple, a chief priestess.
        Form antistĕs: adsiduae templi antistites, Liv. 1, 20; so id. 23, 24; 31, 14: perita antistes, Val. Max. 1, 1, n. 1: templi aeditua et antistes pudicitia, Tert. Cult. Fem. 1.
        Form antistĭta, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 10: Veneris antistita, Pollio ap. Charis. p. 77 P.; Att. ap. Non. p. 487, 19: fani antistitae, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 45; cf. Gell. 13, 20, 22: antistita Phoebi, i. e. Cassandra, so called as prophetess, Ov. M. 13, 410: Cybeles antistita, Verg. Cir. 166; Corn. Sev. ap. Charis. p. 77 P.
    2. II. Trop., a master in any science or art, as in Engl. high-priest: artis dicendi antistes, Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 202: cultor et antistes doctorum virorum, Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 1: artium, Col. 11, 1, 10: sapientiae, Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 110: philosophiae, Lact. 5, 2: juris, Quint. 11, 1, 69: justitiae, Gell. 14, 4: studiorum liberalium, Dig. 10, 46, 1.

    Antisthĕnes, is and ae, m., = Ἀντισθένης, a pupil of Socrates, teacher of Diogenes, and founder of the Cynic philosophy: Antisthenes, Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 32; so id. de Or. 3, 17, 62.
    In plur.: Antisthenae multi, Gell. 14, 1, 29.

    antistĭta, ae, v. antistes.

    * antistĭtĭum, ii, n. [antistes], the office of an antistes, the chief-priest’s office, Mart. Cap. 2, p. 34.

    antisto, v. antesto.

    * antistro/phē, ēs, f., = ἀντιστροφή.

    1. I. In the chorus of the Greek and Roman tragedy, the antistrophe answering to the strophe, Victorin. p. 2051 P.
    2. II. A rhetorical figure, when several parts of a period end with the same word = conversio, q. v.; Mart. Cap. 5, p. 175; Jul. Rufin. 35, p. 211.

    † antĭthĕsis, is, f., = ἀντίθεσις, a gram. ng., the putting of one letter for another (e. g. olli for illi, impete for impetu), Charis. p. 249 P.; Diom. p. 437 P.

    † antĭthĕton, i, n., = ἀντίθετον, opposition, antithesis, a rhetor. fig., Cic. Or. 50, 166; Pers. 1, 85 (e. g. frigida pugnabant calidis, humentia siccis, Ov. M. 1, 19; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 81).

    † antĭthĕus, i, m., = ἀντίθεος (a counter-deity), one who pretends to be God, Arn. 4, p. 134.
    Hence, the devil, Lact. 2, 9.

    Antĭum, ii, n., = Ἄντιον.

    1. I. An ancient town in Latium distinguished for the temple of Fortune (Hor. C. 1, 35, 1), not far from the sea-coast, now Porto d’Anzio, the birthplace of Nero, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 27; Inscr. Orell. 1738; cf. Mann. Ital. 1, 618; Müll. Roms Campagn. 2, 271 sq.
      Hence,
    2. II. Derivv.
      1. A. Antĭānus, a, um, adj., Antian: Hercules Antianus, honored at Antium, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 284, 1.
      2. B. Antĭas, ātis, adj., of or belonging to Antium, Antian, Liv. 8, 14; so id. 6, 9; 8, 12 al.
        So, Valerius Antias, a historian before Livy, Gell. 1, 7, 10; cf. Bähr, Lit. Gesch. 260; Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 142, 3.
        Hence, Antĭātes, um, m., the inhabitants of Antium: naves Antiatum, Liv. 8, 14 fin.
      3. C. Antĭātīnus, a, um, adj., Antian: fortunae, Suet. Calig. 57.
      4. D. Antĭensis, e, adj., the same: templum, Val. Max. 1, 8, n. 2.

    Antĭus, a, um, adj., name of a Roman gens; hence, Antia lex (by Antius Restio), against prodigality, Gell. 2, 24; Macr. S. 2, 13.

    † antizeugmĕnon, i, n., = ἀντιζεύγμενον, a grammatical figure, by which several clauses are referred to one verb, Mart. Cap. 5, p. 176.