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clābŭlāre, is, n. [clabula = clavula] a large, open wagon, probably with sides of wicker-work, used in transporting soldiers, Cod. Th. 6, 29, 2, § 2.
Hence, clābŭlāris (clāv-), e, and clābŭlārius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the transport wagons: clavularis cursus facultate permissā, Amm. 20, 4, 11; Cod. Th. 8, 5, 62.

clacendix, claxendix, or calcen-dix, a kind of shell-fish, Paul. ex Fest. p. 46, 16 Müll. N. cr.; Prisc. p. 655 P.

clādes, is (gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.: cladum, Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. κλάω, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per-cello, clava, gladius].

  1. I. Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,
    1. A. In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies; class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3: haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas, Lucr. 6, 1125: dare late cladem magnasque ruinas, id. 5, 347: etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis, Cic. Brut. 97, 332: atque haec vetusta … Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori, id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25: et illam meam cladem … maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis, id. Sest. 13, 31: cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus, id. Pis. 37, 91: quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset, Sall. C. 39, 4: captae urbis Romanae clades, Liv. 5, 21, 16: publica, Tac. A. 14, 64: tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars … abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit, Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191: plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra), Liv. 8, 2, 8: quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades! Lucr. 5, 48: aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli, id. 5, 369: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, Liv. 22, 4, 1: colonias belli clade premi, Curt. 9, 7, 22: colonias omni clade vastare, id. 4, 1, 10: majestas populi Romani … vastata cladibus fuerat, Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132: per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est, of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38: quo tantae cladis pretio, i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57: recens, the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.: Lugdunensis, the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.
      With gen. obj.: si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura, without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.
      Poet.: cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris, Ov. M. 9, 176: Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent, Sall. J. 59, 3: exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit, Liv. 39, 1, 4: iret ut … subitā turbaret clade Latinos, Verg. A. 12, 556: quodsi … supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit, Curt. 4, 12, 15; so freq.: accipere cladem, to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17; 22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta, Quint. 9, 2, 62: classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit, Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7: postquam is … contractae cladi superesset … fusa est Romana acies, Liv. 25, 19, 16: omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata, id. 29, 3, 8: non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades, id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4: tantā mole cladis obrui, Liv. 22, 54, 10: terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur, Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5: binaque castra clade unā deleta, Liv. 30, 6, 6: exercituum, Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch: quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet, Verg. A. 2, 362: Germanica, Tac. H. 4, 12: Variana, id. A. 1, 57: Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur, id. H. 1, 50.
        Poet.: ut barbarorum Claudius agmina … diruit … Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men), Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.
      2. 2. Of the plague: inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades, Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.: sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium, Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.
      3. 3. Of the loss of a limb: Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum, Liv. 2, 13, 1.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest: geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, Verg. A. 6, 843: haec clades, of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.
    2. B. Of dissolute morals, corruption: fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere … Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit, Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

Claeon, ontis, m., = Κλαίων (wailing), a fountain in Phrygia, Plin. 31, 2, 16, § 19.

‡ clăgălōpes, is, f., a species of eagle, = pygargus, Schol. Juv. 11, 138.

clam (old access. form callim, or, acc. to Cod. Gu. 1, calam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 47, 3 Müll.) [root cal-; cf.: calix, celo, cella, occulo, caligo], adv. and prep., secretly, privately; and in the predicate after sum and fore, hidden, secret, unknown (opp. palam; except once in Caes., v. II. infra; in class. prose only used as adv.).

  1. I. Adv.
    1. A. In gen.: clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (247 Vahl.): ignis mortalibus clam Divisus, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23: mea nunc facinora aperiuntur, clam quae speravi fore, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 21; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 46; Lucr. 5, 1157: nec id clam esse potuit, Liv. 5, 36, 6: clam mordax canis (Gr. λαθροδήκτης κύων), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 27; cf. Amm. 15, 3, 5; Ter. And. 2, 6, 13; Cat. 21, 5; cf. Ov. Am. 3, 14, 8: clam peperit uxor, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 15: hanc tu mihi vel vi, vel clam, vel precario Fac tradas (a jurid. formula), id. Eun. 2, 3, 28; cf. Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: qui propter avaritiam clam depositum non reddidit, id. Tusc. 3, 8, 17: clam mussitantes, Liv. 33, 31, 1; Suet. Tib. 6: praemissis confestim clam cohortibus, id. Caes. 31; id. Ner. 34: ille Sychaeum Clam ferro incautum superat, stealthily, Verg. A. 1, 350: nec dic quid doleas, clam tamen usque dole, Ov. R. Am. 694: cui te commisit alendum Clam, id. M. 13, 432; cf. id. ib. 14, 310 al.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. With advv.; with furtim, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 49; with furtive, id. ib. 5, 2, 61; with occulte, Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6; poet. with tacitus: tacito clam venit illa pede, and similar words, Tib. 1, 10, 34; 4, 6, 16; cf.: strepito nullo clam reserare fores, id. 1, 8, 60; opp. palam, Enn. l. l.; Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 63; Cic. Cael. 9, 20; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23; id. Fam. 1, 1, 4; Tib. 2, 1, 84; Suet. Caes. 80; id. Dom. 2; and opp. propalam, Suet. Ner. 22.
      2. 2. With gen.: res exulatum at illam clam abibat patris, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 43 Ritschl (cf. λάθρη Λαομέδοντος, Hom. Il. 5, 269).
      3. 3. Clam est, with subj.-clause (cf. II. B. infra): meretricem commoneri Quam sane magni referat, nil clam’st, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 9.
  2. II. Prep., without the knowledge of, unknown to, constr. with abl. or acc.
          1. (α) With abl. (only in the two foll. passages; for Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 2; 4, 6, 5; id. Curc. 1, 3, 17; id. Am. prol. 107 al., where the abl. formerly stood with clam, have been corrected by Ritschl and recent edd.; v. Speng. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 52; but cf. Ussing ad Plaut. Curc. l.l.): nec clam durateus Trojanis Pergama partu Inflammasset equos, Lucr. 1, 476 Munro ad loc.: non sibi clam vobis salutem fuga petivit? Caes. B. C. 2, 32.
          2. (β) With acc.: clam uxorem, Plaut. As. Grex. 1; id. Cas. prol. 54: clam uxorem et clam filium, id. Merc. 3, 2, 2: matrem, id. Mil. 2, 1, 34: patrem, id. Merc. 2, 3, 8; 3, 4, 75; id. Truc. 2, 1, 37 Speng.; Gell. 2, 23, 16: senem, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 13: uxorem, id. Cas. 2, 8, 32; id. As. Grex. 5; id. Men. 1, 2, 43; 5, 9, 78; id. Merc. 4, 6, 3 Ritschl: virum, id. Cas. 2, 2, 28; id. Am. prol. 107: clam alter alterum, id. Cas. prol. 51: illum, id. Merc. 2, 3, 26: omnīs, id. Aul. prol. 7: clam praesidia Pompeii, Auct. B. Hisp. 3: clam quemdam Philonem, id. ib. 35: nostros, id. ib. 16: dominum, Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 14: haec clam me omnia, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 46.
    1. B. Clam me est, it is unknown to me, I know not (only in Plaut. and Ter.): neque adeo clam me est, Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 19: haud clam me est, id. ib. 3, 4, 10; so id. ib. 4, 1, 53; 4, 2, 1: nec clam te est, quam, etc., id. And. 1, 5, 52.
    2. * C. Clam habere aliquem = celare aliquem, to keep secret from one, conceal from, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 35; cf. Prisc. p. 988 P.; Pomp. Comm. Art. Don. p. 399.

clāmātor, ōris, m. [clamo], a bawler, noisy declaimer (in oratory; prob. only in the foll. exs.): ut intellegi possit, quem existimem clamatorem, quem oratorem fuisse, Cic. Brut. 49, 182; id. de Or. 3, 21, 81; Mart. 12, 26, 11 (Schneid. clamatus, i. e. vocatus); * Gell. 19, 9, 7.

* clāmātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [clamator], screeching, clamorous: avis = prohibitoria, a bird of bad omen, Plin. 10, 14, 17, § 37.

clāmātus, ūs, m. [clamo], a crying aloud, shouting, Paul. Nol. Carm. 15, 279.

* clāmĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [clamito], a violent crying, clamor, noise, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 6.

clāmĭto, āvi, ātum (part. pres. nom. plur. clamitantis, Varr. ap. Non. p. 356), 1, v. freq. n. and a. [clamo], to cry out violently or aloud, to bawl out, vociferate (class., esp. freq. since the Aug. per.; in Cic. only twice; not in Quint.; usu. of human beings).

  1. I. Neutr. (rare): ut illi clamitant, Cic. Caecin. 3, 9; of a bird: ipsum (passerem) accipiter … vano clamitantem interficit, Phaedr. 1, 9, 7.
  2. II. Act.
    1. A. With the words or thoughts uttered as object.
      1. 1. With direct citation: Chremes clamitans: Indignum facinus, Ter. And. 1, 1, 117: atque clamitas, Laterensis: quo usque ista dicis? Cic. Planc. 31, 75: quidam caricas vendens Cauneas clamitabat, id. Div. 2, 40, 84: Volero, clamitans provoco, Liv. 2, 55, 7: ad arma, et: pro vestram fidem, cives, clamitans, id. 9, 24, 9; 27, 48, 12; Suet. Aug. 40; Tac. A. 1, 18.
      2. 2. With acc. and inf.: clamitabat falsa esse illa, quae, etc., Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60: saepe clamitans, liberum se … esse, Caes. B. G. 5, 7; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 2: clamitare coepit … ad Philotam decurrisse, Curt. 6, 7, 27; 9, 8, 7; 10, 7, 10: clamitans non corporis esse sed loci morbum, Sen. Ep. 104, 1; Suet. Calig. 58; Tac. A. 12, 7; 12, 35; id. H. 2, 29; cf. id. ib. 3, 10.
        Pass. impers.: multisque sciscitantibus cuinam eam ferrent … Thalassio ferri clamitatum, Liv. 1, 9, 12.
      3. 3. With subj.: Messalina clamitabat … audiret Octaviae matrem, Tac. A. 11, 34: Mnester clamitans aspiceret verberum notas, id. ib. 11, 36; 16, 10.
      4. 4. With acc.: quid clamitas? Ter. And. 4, 4, 28: haec Volscio clamitante, Liv. 3, 13, 3: quorum clamitant nomina, Plin. Ep. 9, 6, 2: saeva et detestanda alicui, to imprecate, Tac. A. 3, 23.
      5. 5. With ut or ne: Acerronia … dum se Agrippinam esse utque subveniretur matri principis clamitat, conficitur, Tac. A. 14, 5; cf.: neve consulatus sui collegam dederet liberto … clamitabat, id. ib. 16, 10.
    2. B. With personal obj.: clamitant me ut revortar, call on me, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 30 Lorenz (Fleck. inclamitant): clamitent Ne sycophantam, call, Ter. And. 4, 5, 20: clamitans eum modo consulem modo dictatorem, Ascon. p. 34, 13 Bait.: plausores, Augustianos militesque se triumphi ejus clamitantes, Suet. Ner. 25.
    3. C. Trop., of things, to proclaim, reveal, betray: nonne ipsum caput et supercilia illa penitus abrasa olere malitiam et clamitare calliditatem videntur? Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 20.

clāmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [Sanscr. kar-, to celebrate; Gr. καλέω, κλητός; cf.: clarus, classis, nomenclator, concilium].

  1. I. Neutr., to call, cry out, shout aloud, to complain with a loud voice, vociferari (class. and very freq.; mostly of human beings): populus convolat; Tumultuantur, clamant, pugnant de loco, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 33: dic mihi, Non clamas? non insanis? id. Ad. 4, 7, 9; cf. id. ib. 5, 3, 3; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 59: clamare de pecuniā, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 7, § 17 al.
    Of a vehement bawling before a tribunal: qui quid in dicendo posset, numquam satis attendi: in clamando quidem video eum esse bene robustum atque exercitatum, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48.
    In comedy, of snoring: dormit Sceledrus intus? Lu. Non naso quidem: Nam eo magnum clamat, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10 al.
        1. b. Transf., of animals and things; of geese: anseres, qui tantummodo clamant, nocere non possunt, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.
          Of the chirping of a cricket: (cicada) multo validius clamare occoepit, Phaedr. 3, 16, 7.
          Of the roaring of waters, the rustling of trees, etc., Sil. 4, 526; 9, 516; Stat. Th. 10, 94: clamant amnes, freta, nubila silvae, id. ib. 11, 116.
          Also of abstract things (cf. under II. B.): et non ulla meo clamat in ore fides? i. e. does my sincerity never plainly proclaim itself in my voice? Prop. 1, 18, 18.
          But esp. freq.,
  2. II. Act., to call or cry aloud to something or some one, to proclaim, declare, to invoke, call upon, etc., = exclamare; constr. with acc. of the person or thing, or a clause as object, in direct and (more freq.) in indirect discourse.
          1. (α) With acc.: e somno pueros clamo, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P.; so, janitorem, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 11: comites, Ov. M. 6, 106: matrem ore, id. ib. 5, 398; cf.: ora clamantia nomen, id. ib. 8, 229; 11, 665: morientem nomine, Verg. A. 4, 674.
            With two accs.: se causam crimenque, Verg. A. 12, 600: me deum, Prop. 3 (4), 9, 46: te insanum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 130: aliquem furem, id. Ep. 1, 16, 36; Curt. 4, 16, 15.
            With acc. rei: divūm atque hominum fidem, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 20: aquas, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 58: triumphum, Ov. Am. 1, 2, 25: Saturnalia, Liv. 22, 1, 20: pulchre! bene! recte! Hor. A. P. 428.
          2. (β) With a clause as object, in direct discourse (mostly poet.): ad me omnes clamant: Janua culpa tua est, Cat. 67, 14; so Ov. F. 4, 452; Hor. S. 2, 3, 62; id. Ep. 1, 17, 48; 1, 19, 47; id. A. P. 460; Suet. Caes. 82; Sen. Ep. 27, 1 al.
          3. (γ) With a clause as object, in indirect discourse: clamant omnes indignissime Factum esse, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 11: quid facto esset opus puerperae … illis clamat de viā, id. And. 3, 2, 11; Cic. Mur. 37, 78: solos felices viventes clamat in urbe, Hor. S. 1, 1, 12.
          4. (δ) With final clause: clamare coeperunt, sibi ut haberet hereditatem, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 47; Dig. 29, 5, 1, § 55: clamans in hostem, ne rex Croesus occideretur, Gell. 5, 9, 2.
    1. B. Trop., of abstract things, to proclaim, declare: quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Archidemides Clamaret dempturum esse, si quid crederem, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; cf.: eum ipsum (sc. Regulum) clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam potantem in rosā Thorium, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 65; 4, 19, 55: quae (tabulae) se corruptas atque interlitas esse clamant, id. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 104; Cat. 6, 7: quid enim restipulatio clamat? Cic. Rosc. Com. 13, 37; id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; cf. clamito, Il.

clāmor (old form clāmŏs, like arbos, labos, etc., Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [clamo].

  1. I. A loud call, a shout, cry; of men and (poet.) of animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition): facere clamorem, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 33: tollere, id. Curc. 2, 2, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1. 3; Liv. 3, 28, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 46; Verg. A. 3, 672 al.: tollere in caelum, id. ib. 11, 745: ad aethera, id. ib. 2, 338; cf.: clamorem mittere ad sidera, Stat. Th. 12, 521: edere, Cic. Div. 2, 23, 50: profundere, id. Fl. 6, 15: compesce, Hor. C. 2, 20, 23: clamorem audire, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 37: magno clamore concurritur, Sall. J. 53, 2: clamor virūm, Verg. A. 1, 87: impium Lenite clamorem, Hor. C. 1, 27, 7: ingens clamor, Verg. A. 12, 268: laetus, id. ib. 3, 524: subitus, id. ib. 11, 609: nauticus, id. ib. 3, 128: dare clamorem, id. ib. 3, 566: it clamor caelo, id. ib. 5, 451 al.
    1. B. In partic., a friendly call, acclamation, applause: clamor secundus, Verg. A. 5, 491: dixi de te tanto clamore consensuque populi, Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 1: clamore coronae, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 53; militum gaudentium, Tac. H. 1, 62 fin. al.
      In plur., Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152; id. Brut. 95, 326; id. Att. 1, 14, 4; Plin. Pan. 73, 1; 2, 6; Phaedr. 5, 5, 28; Quint. 12, 6, 4.
      1. 2. A hostile call, clamor, shout: clamoribus maximis judices corripuerunt, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1; so Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 12 al.
  2. II. Poet., of animals, a cry: gruum, Lucr. 4, 182; 4, 911: mergorum, Verg. G. 1, 362: apum, id. ib. 4, 76 al.
    Of things, noise, sound, din: nubis, Lucr. 6, 147: ter scopuli clamorem inter cava saxa dedere, Verg. A. 3, 566: montium silvaeque, Hor. C. 3, 29, 39.

clāmōsē, adv., v. clamosus, I.

clāmōsus, a, um, adj. [clamor] (mostly post-Aug.), full of clamor or noise, i. e.,

  1. I. Act., clamoring or bawling continually or loudly, clamorous, noisy, bawling: turbidus et clamosus altercator, Quint. 6, 4, 15: pater, Juv. 14, 191: magister, Mart. 5, 84, 2.
    * Adv.: clāmōsē, clamorously: clamose ne dicamus omnia, Quint. 11, 3, 45.
  2. II. Pass., filled with noise or clamor, noisy: urbs, Stat. S. 4, 4, 18: theatri turba, id. ib. 3, 5, 16: valles, id. Th. 4, 448: circus, Juv. 9, 144; Mart. 10, 53: Subura, id. 12, 18, 2.
    Poet. with gen.: undae clamosus Helorus, Sil. 14, 269.
    1. B. Accompanied with noise or clamor: actio, Quint. 5, 3, 2: Phasma Catulli, Juv. 8, 186: adceleratio, Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23: mortes boum, Veg. Vet. 4, pr. 1.

Clampĕtĭa, ae, f., = Λαμπέτεια, a town of the Bruttii, now Amantea, Liv. 29, 38, 1; 30, 19, 10; Mel. 2, 4, 9; the same, Clampĕtĭae, ārum, Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 72.

clancŭlārĭus, a, um, adj. [clanculum], secret, concealed, anonymous, unknown (postAug. and rare): poëta quidam, Mart. 10, 3, 5: Lydia, Tert. Pall. 4.

clancŭlō, adv. (access. form of clanculum) [clam], secretly, privately (postclass.), App. M. 3, p. 133, 5; 9, p. 221, 13; 10, p. 245, 26; Macr. S. 5, 18; Amm. 21, 12, 13; August. Ep. 54.

clancŭlum, adv. and prep. dim. [id.], secretly, privately (ante-class. but freq.).

        1. (α) Adv.: aucupemus ex insidiis clanculum, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 31: abire a legione, id. Am. 1, 3, 25: noctu advenire, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 83; 3, 1, 8; id. Cas. 2, 8, 8: congerere aliquod, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 18: mordere, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; 3, 5, 41; 3, 5, 54: agere inter se, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 63; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 33.
        2. * (β) Prep. with acc.: clanculum Patres, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 27; cf. clam.

clandestīnō, adv., v. clandestinus fin.

clandestīnus, a, um, adj. [for clamdies-tinus; cf. matutinus; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 461 sq.], secret, hidden, concealed, clandestine (class. in prose and poetry): suspitio, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 28: nuptiae, id. Cas. 5, 3, 6: natura, Lucr. 1, 779: motus materiaï, id. 2, 127: scelere, Cic. Sull. 11, 33; cf. Liv. 42, 18, 1: introitus, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81; cf. Suet. Ner. 48: colloquia cum hostibus, Cic. Sen. 12, 40: consilia, Crassus ap. Cic. Or. 66, 223; Caes. B. G. 7, 1; cf. Liv. 42, 24, 3: nuntiis legationibusque, Caes. B. G. 7, 64: fuga, Auct. B. G. 8, 33: foedus, Liv. 3, 36, 9; Sil. 7, 267: denuntiatio, Liv. 4, 36, 3: coetus, Tac. A. 2, 40; 4, 27.
Adv.: clandestīnō, secretly; only Lucil. ap. Non. p. 38, 19, and Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 10.

clango, no perf., ĕre, 3, v. n. [kindred with crocio, glocio; cf. clamo and κλάζω], to clang, to sound, resound (rare; only in ante-class. and post-Aug. poets): crepitu clangente, Att. ap. Non. p. 463, 16: horrida clangunt signa tubae, Stat. Th. 4, 342; cf.: luctificum clangente tubā, Val. Fl. 3, 349: clangunt aquilae, Auct. Carm. Phil. 28.

clangor, ōris, m. [clango], a sound, clang, noise (mostly poet. and in Aug. prose).

  1. I. Of wind instruments: tubarum, Verg. A. 2, 313; cf. id. ib. 8, 526; 11, 192; Luc. 1, 237; Sil. 2, 19; Stat. Th. 3, 651; Flor. 4, 2, 67; cf. Ov. M. 3, 707.
  2. II. Of birds (in crying or flying). clangorem fundere, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 10, 24: tremulo clangore volare, id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 63; Ov. M. 12, 528; 13, 611: cum magno clangore volitare, Liv. 1, 34, 8; 5, 47, 4; Col. 8, 13, 2; Plin. 18, 35, 87, § 363 sq.; 10, 8, 10, § 23 al.; Flor. 1, 13, 15; * Suet. Dom. 6 al.
    In plur., Verg. A. 3, 226.
  3. III. Of dogs, a barking, baying, Grat. Cyn. 186.

Clănĭs, is, m.

  1. I. A companion of Phineus, Ov. M. 5, 140.
  2. II. A Centaur, Ov. M. 12, 379.
  3. III. A river in Etruria, which falls into the Tiber, now Chiana, Sil. 8, 455; Tac. A. 1, 79.

Clănĭus, ii, m., a river in Campania, destructive by frequently overflowing the country around, especially the town of Acerrœ (v. Acerrae), now Lagno, Verg. G. 2, 225 Heyne; Sil. 8, 537; also called Glănis, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53 sq.

clārē, adv., v. clarus fin.

clārĕo, ēre, v. n. [clarus].

  1. I. Prop., to be clear or bright, to shine (poet.): hoc lumen candidum claret mihi, Enn. ap. Non. p. 85, 25 (Trag. Rel. v. 367 Rib.); so of stars, Cic. Arat. 5 (240); 107 (348).
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To be obvious or clear, evident or manifest (poet. rare): quod in primo quoque carmine claret, which is evident also in the first canto, Lucr. 6, 937: mihi satis claret, with acc. and inf., Spart. Sev. 20, 4 Spald. and Zumpt N. cr.
    2. B. Of character, to be distinguished, illustrious, famous, renowned (ante-class.): (Fab. Maximi) gloria claret, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 4, 10 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.); Turp. ap. Non. p. 85, 22 (Com. Rel. v. 152 Rib.).

clāresco, clārui, 2, v. inch. n. [clareo] (poet. or in post-Aug. prose), to become or grow bright or clear.

  1. I. Prop.
    1. A. Of the sight, to begin to shine, become visible: tecta luminibus clarescunt, Tac. A. 15, 37: clarescit dies, Sen. Herc. Fur. 123; Val. Fl. 7, 3; cf. Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 185 al.
    2. B. Of the hearing, to sound clear, to become audible: clarescunt sonitus armorum, Verg. A. 2, 301: tibiae, Quint. 1, 11, 7: vox, Gabius Bassus ap. Gell. 5, 7, 2.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To become clear, manifest, evident, obvious: alid ex alio clarescet, Lucr. 1, 1115; 5, 1456: verba ipso materiae nitore clarescunt, Quint. 3, 8, 61; 8, 5, 19; 6, 4, 9; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 12.
    2. B. In character, to become illustrious, famous, renowned (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): aliud clarescit et e contemptibus exit, Lucr. 5, 833 Lachm. N. cr.: quoquo facinore clarescere, Tac. A. 4, 52: magnis inimicitiis, id. H. 2, 53: quia facilius inter ancipitia clarescunt, id. G. 14; id. Or. 36; Claud. C. Mall. Theod. 3: ex gente Domitiā duae familiae claruerunt, Suet. Ner. 1; cf. id. Gram. 17; Just. 2, 1.

clārĭcĭto, āre, v. clarigito.

clārĭco, āre, 1, v. n. [clarus], to glow, gleam: ignes pernicitate sui claricantes, App. de Mundo, 15, p. 63.

clārĭfĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [clarifico], a glorification (eccl. Lat.): Domini, Aug. Qu. 83, 62; Cypr. Ep. 77, 2.

clārĭfĭco, āre, v. a. [clarus-facio], to make illustrious or famous (eccl. Lat.): nomen suum grandi aliquo facinore, Lact. 3, 18, p. 213 Bip.; so Sedul. 4, 173; 5, 8; Paul. Nol. Carm. 26, 304 al.

clārĭgātĭo, ōnis, f. [clarigo],

  1. I. a solemn demand for redress, a religious solemnity with which the Fetialis declared war upon an enemy, in case he should refuse to give satisfaction within 33 days for injuries sustained (cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 53; 10, 14; Dict. of Antiq.), Plin. 1, epit. libr. 22, 3, p. 69 Bip.; Quint. 7, 3, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 32, 5 sq.
  2. II. In gen., a fine or ransom for a transgression of limits, to be exacted of the offender by any person finding him: (Veliterni) jussi trans Tiberim habitare, ut ejus, qui cis Tiberim deprehensus esset, usque ad mille passuum clarigatio esset, Liv. 8, 14, 6.

* clārĭgĭto (in the MSS. clārĭcĭto), āre, v. freq. [clarigo], to recall, recollect; saecla ferarum, Lucr. 5, 947; v. Lachm. ad h. l.

clārĭgo, no perf., ātum, 1, v.n. [clarus]; t. t. of the Fetiales, to proclaim war against an enemy with certain religious ceremonies (cf. Liv. 1, 32, 5 sq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 53; 10, 14; Dict. of Antiq.); Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 5; cf. clarigatio, and Lachm. ad Lucr. 5, 947.

clārĭ-sŏnus, a, um, adj. [clarigo], clearsounding, loud, distinct (poet. and rare): vox, Cat. 64, 320; 64, 125: aurae Aquilonis, Cic. Arat. 280.

clārissĭmātus, ūs, m. [clarissimus; v. clarus, II. B.], the dignity of a Clarissimus (late Lat.), Cod. Th. 6, 24, 9; Amm. 21, 16, 2.

1. clārĭtas, ātis, f. [clarus], clearness, brightness, splendor (in good prose, most freq. in the post-Aug. per.).

  1. I. Prop.
    1. A. Of objects affecting the sight (so for the most part only in Pliny the elder): sidus Veneris claritatis tantae (est), ut, etc., Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 37; cf. id. 2, 8, 6, § 30; 23, 4, 41, § 84: matutina, id. 9, 35, 54, § 107: visus, id. 31, 10, 46, § 116; cf. oculorum, id. 18, 11, 29, § 114; 20, 10, 42, § 108: AD CLARITATEM (sc. oculorum), for clearness of sight (label of an ointment box), Inscr. Orell. 4234.
    2. B. Of objects affecting the hearing, distinctness, clearness: claritas in voce, Cic. Ac. 1, 5, 19: sonituum chordarum, Vitr. 5, 3, 8: vocis, Quint. 6, prooem. § 11: vocalium, id. 9, 4, 131; 11, 3, 41.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Intellectually, clearness, distinctness, perspicuity (rare): pulchritudinem rerum claritas orationis illuminat, Quint. 2, 16, 10; so id. 8, 3, 70; Cod. Th. 1, 1, 6, § 1.
    2. B. Morally, celebrity, renown, reputation, splendor, high estimation (so most freq.; several times in Cicero, who never uses claritudo, while in Sallust only claritudo is found, q. v.; cf. also amplitudo, splendor, nobilitas, gloria): num te fortunae tuae, num amplitudinis, num claritatis, num gloriae poenitebat? Cic. Phil. 1, 13, 38, id. Div. 2, 31, 66: quae ex multis pro tuā claritate audiam, id. Fam. 13, 68, 1, cf. Quint. 3, 7, 11: viri claritate praestantes, Nep. Eum. 3, 3: nominis, Auct. B. Afr. 22: generis, Quint. 8, 6, 7; cf. id. 5, 11, 5; 3, 7, 11: natalium, Tac. H. 1, 49: personarum, Plin. Ep. 2, 14, 1: Herculis, Tac. G. 34 fin.: vino Maroneo antiquissima claritas, Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 53: litterarum, id. 14, 4, 5, § 44: herbarum (i.e. nobiliores herbae), id. 24, 19, 120, § 188.
      In plur.: claritates operum, Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 53: ingeniorum, id. 37, 13, 77, § 201.

2. Clārĭtas Jūlia, f., the name given to the town Attuli, in Hispania Baetica, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 12.

clārĭtūdo, ĭnis, f. [clarus], clearness, brightness (access. form of claritas; in lit. signif. very rare; trop. in Sall. a few times, in Tac. very freq., but not in Cic., Cæs., Quint., or Suet.).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Of objects affecting the sight: fulgor et claritudo deae (sc. lunae), Tac. A. 1, 28; cf. Lact. 2, 9, 12.
    2. * B. Of objects affecting the hearing: vocis, Gell. 6, 5, 1 Hertz.
  2. II. Trop. (cf. claritas, II. B.), renown, celebrity, splendor, fame, reputation: inclitissima, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19; Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 82, 7: artes animi, quibus summa claritudo paratur, Sall. J 2, 4: in tantam claritudinem pervenire, id. ib. 7, 4: eminere claritudine, Vell. 2, 130, 1: Caesarum, Tac. A. 12, 2: principis, id ib. 16, 24: materni generis, id. ib. 2, 43; cf. id. ib. 14, 47: familiae, id. ib. 15, 35: militiae, id. ib. 4, 6: studiorum, id. ib. 12, 8: virtutum, id. ib. 15, 65: nominis, id. ib. 15, 71 al.

‡ clārĭtus, adv., = clare (a form like, antiquitus, divinitus, humanitus, etc.), acc. to Cels. ap. Charis. p. 190 P.

Clārĭus, a, um, v. Claros, II.

* clārĭvĭdus, a, um, adj. [clare-video], seeing clearly, clear-sighted: sensus, Marc. Emp. 18.

clāro, āvi, 1, v. a. [clarus], to make bright or clear, to illuminate (poet. and very rare).

  1. I. Lit.: Juppiter excelsā clarabat sceptra columnā, showed, exhibited, Cic. poët. Div 1, 12, 21: aestatis primordia, id. Arat. 39: iter longae limite flammae, Stat. Th. 5, 286.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Mentally, to make clear, evident, to explain, illustrate, set forth: animae naturam versibus, Lucr. 3, 36: multa, id. 4, 778: obscura, App. de Deo Socr. p. 51, 15.
    2. B. Morally, to make illustrious, to render famous: illum non labor Isthmius Clarabit pugilem, * Hor C. 4, 3, 4.

* clāror, ōris, m. [clarus], clearness, brightness, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 112; Ritschl ex conj. Camerar. dub.

Clărŏs, i, f., = Κλάρος,

  1. I. a small town in Ionia, near Colophon, celebrated for a temple and an oracle of Apollo, now the village Zilleh, Ov M. 1, 516; cf. Tac. A. 2, 54.
    Hence,
  2. II. Clărĭus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Claros, Clarian.
    1. A. As an epithet of Apollo: Clarii Apollinis fanum, specus, oraculum, simulacrum, Mel. 1, 17, 2; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 232; Tac. A. 2, 54; 12, 22: deus, Ov. A. A. 2, 80; id. M. 11, 413; id. F. 1, 20.
      Subst.: Clărĭus, ii, m., Apollo, Verg. A. 3, 360 Serv.; Stat. Th. 8, 199.
    2. B. As an epithet of the poet Antimachus. of Colophon (prob. since claros was near Colophon, and, as devoted to Apollo, it appeared a suitable appel. of a poet), Ov. Tr. 1, 6, 1 Jahn (but in Cic. Brut. 51, 191, the best read. is: Antimachum, clarum poëtam).

clārus, a, um, adj. [kindr. with Germ. klar; Engl. clear; cf. clamo], clear, bright (opp. obscurus, caecus; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of composition).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Relating to the sight, clear, bright, shining, brilliant, etc.
          1. (α) Absol.: luce clarā et candidā, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 49: ut mulierum famam multorum oculis lux clara custodiat, open day, Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37; cf.: frequentissimā celebritate et clarissimā luce laetari, id. Cael. 20, 47: lumen, Lucr. 3, 1: oculorum lumina, id. 4, 825; cf.: mundi lumina (i.e. sol et luna), Verg. G. 1, 5: oculi, Cato, R. R. 157, 10: incendia, Verg. A. 2, 569: lucerna, Hor. S. 2, 7, 48: scintillae ignis, Lucr. 6, 163: fulmina, id. 6, 84: vestis splendor, id. 2, 52: color, id. 5, 1258; cf.: color clarissimus, id. 2, 830: candor, id. 4, 232: loca, id. 5, 779 al.: caelum, Tac. A. 1, 28: nox, id. Agr. 12: pater omnipotens clarus intonat, in the clear sky, Verg. A. 7, 141 Serv.; cf. Cic. Arat. 4: sidus, Hor. C. 4, 8, 31: clarissimae gemmae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62; cf. lapides, Hor. C. 4, 13, 14: vitrum, Ov. M. 4, 355: purpurarum sidere clarior usus, Hor. C. 3, 1, 42.
          2. (β) With abl.: speculo, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 112 dub.: argento clari delphines, Verg. A. 8, 673: rutilis squamis, id. G. 4, 93: ferrugine, id. A. 9, 582; cf. id. ib. 11, 772 Wagn.: auro gemmisque corona, Ov. M. 13, 704; 2, 2; 11, 359: albo Lucifer exit Clarus equo, id. ib. 15, 190: claraeque coruscis Fulguribus taedae, Lucr. 5, 295 al.
      1. * 2. Poet., of the wind (cf.: albus, candidus, and in Gr. λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος; v. Lidd. and Scott under λαμπρός), making clear, i. e. bringing fair weather: aquilo, Verg. G. 1, 460 Forbig. ad loc.
    2. B. Relating to the hearing, clear, loud, distinct: clarā voce vocare, Lucr. 4, 711; Cic. Clu. 48, 134; id. Caecin. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 31, 12; 42, 25, 12; Ov. M. 3, 703: lectio, Cels. 1, 2: clariore voce, Caes. B. G. 5, 30; cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 7, 19: sonor, Lucr. 4, 567: clamor, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 27: plausus, id. As. Grex. 6: plangor, Ov. M. 4, 138: latratus, id. ib. 13, 806: ictus, id. ib. 2, 625: strepitus, Suet. Vit. Luc.: vox (opp. obtusa), Quint. 11, 3, 15; 9, 4, 136 Spald.: spiritus, id. 11, 3, 55; cf. id. 11, 3, 41 and 82: syllabae clariores, id. 8, 3, 16.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Clear, manifest, plain, evident, intelligible (syn.: planus, apertus, perspicuus, dilucidus, etc.): vide ut mi haec certa et clara attuleris, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; cf.: omnia non properanti clara certaque erunt, Liv. 22, 39, 22: clara res est, quam dicturus sum, totā Siciliā celeberrima atque notissima, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61; 2, 5, 38, § 101; id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78: luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia, id. Cat. 1, 3, 6: id quod est luce clarius, id. Tusc. 1, 37, 90: si ea, quae dixi, sole ipso inlustriora et clariora sunt, id. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Div. 1, 3, 6: caecis hoc satis clarum est, Quint. 12, 7, 9: lumen eloquentiae, id. 3, 8, 65; cf. id. 12, 10, 15; 11, 1, 75: in narrando (T. Livius) clarissimi candoris, id. 10, 1, 101 Spald. and Frotsch.: Massinissam regem post LXXXVI. annum generasse filium clarum est, Plin. 7, 14, 12, § 61: somno clarius, Ov. F. 3, 28: exempla, Tac. Or. 8; id. A. 4, 11: documenta, id. ib. 6, 22.
    2. B. Brilliant, celebrated, renowned, illustrious, honorable, famous, glorious, etc. (cf.: illustris, insignis, eximius, egregius, praestans, nobilis; a favorite epithet, esp. in the sup., like fortissimus, designating the highest praise of the honor-loving Roman; hence, a standing title, at all times, of distinguished public characters, as consuls, proconsuls, pontifices, senators, etc.): nobilitas, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 28; opp. to obscurus, Lucr. 1, 639; so Quint. 5, 10, 26: clari viri atque magni, Cato ap. Cic. Planc. 27, 66; Cic. Sest. 69, 144: certe non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloriā clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154: vir fortissimus et clarissimus, id. Verr. 1, 15, 44; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 58, § 153; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; id. Clu. 48, 134: exempla clara et inlustria, id. Div. 2, 3, 8: pugna clara et commemorabilis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 111: pax clarior majorque quam bellum fuerat, Liv. 10, 37, 4: animus abunde pollens potensque et clarus, Sall. J. 1, 3; so, facundia clara pollensque, id. ib. 30, 4: clara et magnifica, id. ib. 4, 8: clari potentesque fieri, id. C. 38, 1: familia, Tac. A. 2, 37; 3, 76: majores, id. ib. 4, 61: pater si in Equestri gradu clarus, clarior vitricus, Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 4: clarissimi consules, id. ib. 7, 33, 8: generis clarissimus auctor, Ov. P. 2, 9, 19: clarissima civitas, Nep. Thras. 2, 1: apud Germanicos quoque (Titus), Tac. H. 2, 77: scriptores, id. A. 1, 1.
          1. (β) With abl.: clariores gloriā, Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; v. supra: arte medicinae, Quint. 3, 6, 64: eloquendi suavitate, id. 10, 1, 83: sententiis, id. 10, 1, 90: Juppiter giganteo triumpho, Hor. C. 3, 1, 7: agendis causis, id. Ep. 1, 7, 47: Ajax toties servatis Achivis, id. S. 2, 3, 194: bello, Tac. Agr. 29; id. H. 3, 44: gens memoriā nominis, id. ib. 1, 67: Cluvius Rufus eloquentiā, id. ib. 4, 43.
          2. (γ) With in: in arte tibiarum, Quint. 2, 3, 3; cf.: clarissimi in eā scientiā, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 11: in litteris, Quint. 1, 6, 35: in agendo, id. 12, 10, 49: in foro, id. 10, 5, 14: in contionibus, id. 12, 2, 7; 12, 10, 49.
          3. * (δ) With ex: ex doctrinā nobilis et clarus, Cic. Rab. Post. 9, 23.
            (ε) With ob: ob obscuram linguam, Lucr. 1, 639: ob id factum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 32; cf.: urbs clara ob insignem munimento naturali locum, Liv. 24, 39, 8.
            (ζ) With ab: Trojanoque a sanguine clarus Acestes, Verg. A. 1, 550.
            (η) With gen.: artis ejus, Plin. 37, 1, 4, § 8.
      1. 2. As a title: clarissimus vir, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2; cf. id. ib. 14, 11, 1: clarissimi consules, Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 8; cf. Dig. 49, 14, 18; Lampr. Elag. 4; Alex. Sev. 21 al.: permitto tibi vir clarissime Veiento (a senator), dicere, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 19; so, ordo = senatorius, Vop. Aur. 18 fin.; cf. also Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 12.
        1. b. Meton., of the wives of such distinguished public characters: clarissimae feminae, Dig. 1, 9, 8.
        2. c. In a bad sense, notorious: minus clarum putavit fore quod de armario quam quod de sacrario esset ablatum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 1, 19, § 50; 2, 4, 12, § 29: ecquid hoc totā Siciliā clarius, ecquid indignius? etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 7, § 16: populus (sc. Campanus), luxuriā superbiāque clarus, Liv. 7, 31, 6.
          Hence, adv.: clārē (freq. and class.).
  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. Of sight (acc. to I. A.), brightly, clearly: clare oculis video, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 35: clare fulgens caesaries, Cat. 66, 9: occidere, of a star, Col. 11, 2, 52.
        Comp.: clarius micare, Plin. 10, 20, 22, § 43: nitere, Stat. S. 4, 1, 4.
        Sup.: clarissime lucere, Vitr. 9, 4.
      2. 2. Of hearing (acc. to I. B.), clearly, distinctly, plainly, aloud: clare recitare, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 30: plaudite, id. Am. fin.; cf. id. Bacch. fin.: dic, Ter. And. 4, 4, 15 Ruhnk.: gemere, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 3: res clare enuntiare, Quint. 8, 3, 62: sonare, id. 11, 3, 55: exscreare, id. 11, 3, 160: maledicere, Suet. Vit. 14 et saep.: palam et clare, id. Claud. 3; cf. Mart. 7, 92, 5.
        Comp.: clarius fabulari, Suet. Calig. 22.
        Sup.: pisces clarissime audiunt, Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193; Vitr. 5, 3.
  2. II. Trop.
      1. 1. Mentally (acc. to II. A.), distinctly, intelligibly, clearly: clare atque evidenter ostendere, Quint. 8, 3, 86; cf. id. 4, 1, 1: aliquid intellegere, Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 16.
        Comp.: eo clarius id periculum apparet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; so, clarius intellegi, Quint. 2, 5, 7: clarius elucebit, id. 12, 1, 26: clarius ostendemus, id. 2, 17, 25 al.
        Sup., Quint. 9, 1, 19.
      2. 2. Morally (acc. to II. B.), illustriously, honorably (very rare): clarius exsplendescebat, Nep. Att. 1, 3.

classĭārĭus, i, m. [classis, 1. B. 2.], pertaining to the navy: centurio, a captain of a ship, Tac. A. 14, 8; cf. Inscr. Orell. 3617.
More freq. as subst.: classĭārĭi, ōrum, m., marines, naval forces, Caes. B. C. 3, 100; Nep. Milt. 7, 3; id. Them. 3, 2; Tac. A. 4, 27; 12, 56; 15, 51; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Galb. 12; id. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 8.

* classĭcŭla, ae, f. dim. [classis, 1. B. 2.], a little fleet, flotilla, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 4.

classĭcum, i, v. classicus, II. B. 1.

classĭcus, a, um, adj. [classis], of or belonging to a classis.

  1. I. To a class or division of the Roman people; only transf., belonging to the first class, of the highest class: classici dicebantur non omnes qui in quinque classibus erant, sed primi tantum classis homines (opp. classem, infra), Cat. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 13, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 113, 12: testes classici, id. ib. p. 56, 15.
    1. B. Trop., of the highest rank, classical, superior, standard: classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius, Gell. 19, 8, 15.
    2. C. Subst.: classĭcus, i, m., he that summons the classes of citizens to the Comitia: in Arce classicus oanat tum circumque moeros, Comment. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 92 Müll.
  2. II. To the military and naval forces (v. infra; and cf. classis, I. B.), but in use only in the sense of or belonging to the fleet: classicos milites, Liv. 21, 61, 2; 26, 48, 12: bella, naval, Prop. 2, 1, 28: certamen, Vell. 2, 85, 2: corona = navalis, id. 2, 81, 2.
    Hence,
    1. B. Subst.
      1. 1. classĭcum, i, n., a field or battle-signal upon the trumpet: classicum cecinit, Liv. 28, 27, 15: classicum canere jubet, Tac. A. 2, 32; cf.: classicum cani jubet, Caes. B. C. 3, 82: classico ad contionem convocat, Liv. 7, 36, 9: cum silentium classico fecisset, id. 2, 45, 12: classica sonant, Verg. A. 7, 637: neque excitatur classico miles truci, Hor. Epod. 2, 5; Suet. Caes. 32; id. Vit. 11; Quint. 2, 11, 4; Luc. 4, 186 al.
        Since only the leader commanded it to be given: classicum praetorium (al. praeconium), Prop. 3 (4), 3, 41; cf. Caes. l. l.; Liv. 28, 27, 15; Veg. Mil. 2, 22.
      2. 2. Meton., the war-trumpet: necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, Verg. G. 2, 539; Tib. 1, 1, 4.
      3. 3. Subst.: classĭci, ōrum, m., marines, Tac. H. 1, 36; 2, 11; 2, 17; 2, 22; 2, 67; 3, 55.
        Also mariners, seamen, Curt. 4, 3, 18.

classis (old orthog. CLASIS, Column. Rostr.; v. under I. B. 2.), is (acc. sing. usu. classem; classim, Auct. B. Afr. 9, 2; abl. usu. classe; classi, Verg. A. 8, 11; Liv. 23, 41, 8; Vell. 2, 79), f. [root cal-, cla-, of clamo, καλέω; prop. the people as assembled or called together], hence,

  1. I. After the division of the Roman people by Servius Tullius into six (or, the citizens who paid tribute alone being reckoned, into five) classes,
      1. 1. A class, Liv. 1, 42, 5; 1, 43, 2 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39 sq.; Gell. 6 (7), 13, 1 sq.; Cic. Fl. 7, 15; Liv. 1, 42, 5; 1, 43, 1 sqq.; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; cf. Dion. Halic. 4, 16 sq.; 7, 59: prima classis vocatur … tum secunda classis, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 33, 82: infra classem; v. classicus, I.
      2. 2. Trop.: qui (philosophi) mihi cum illo collati, quintae classis videntur, i.e. of the lowest rank, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; cf. classicus, I. B.
        Hence,
    1. B. In milit. lang., the whole body of the citizens called to arms, an army. 1 Of the land army (mostly very ancient): procincta, Lex Numae in Fest. s. v. opima, p. 189, 13 Müll.: classis procincta [id est exercitus armatus, Gloss.], Fab. Pictor. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 4; cf. Gell. 1, 11, 3; Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 3: classi quoque ad Fidenas pugnatum cum Vejentibus quidam in annales rettulere, Liv. 4, 34, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: Hortinae classes populique Latini, Verg. A. 7, 716 Serv.
      1. 2. Of men at sea, the fleet, including the troops in it (the usu. signif. in prose and poetry): CLASESQVE. NAVALES. PRIMOS. ORNAVET. … CLASEIS. POENICAS. … , Column. Rostr., v. 7 sq.: nomina in classem dare, Liv. 28, 45, 19: cetera classis … fugerunt, id. 35, 26, 9: ut classem duceret in Ligurum oram, id. 40, 26, 8; 41, 24, 13; cf. id. 42, 48, 10: navium classis, id. 22, 37, 13: posteaquam maximas aedificasset ornassetque classes, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9: classem instruere atque ornare, id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 135: classis ornandae reficiendaeque causā, Liv 9, 30, 4: comparare, Cic. Fl. 14, 33: facere, Caes. B. C. 3, 42 al.: classe navigare, by ship, Cic. Fl. 14, 32; cf. Verg. A. 1, 379; 8, 11; Hor.C. 3, 11, 48: classes = naves, Verg. A. 2, 30: geminasque legit de classe biremis, id. ib. 8, 79: omittere, id. ib. 5, 794: armare, id. ib. 4, 299: deducere, id. G. 1, 255: efficere, Nep. Them. 2, 3: (Suiones) praeter viros armaque classibus valent, Tac. G. 44.
  2. II. In the post-Aug. per., sometimes, a class, division, in gen.: pueros in classes distribuerant, Quint. 1, 2, 23; so id. 1, 2, 24; 10, 5, 21; Suet. Tib. 46: operarum, Col. 1, 9, 7: servorum, Petr. 74, 7.

Clastĭdĭum, ĭi, n.

  1. I. A fortress in Gallia Cisalpina, near the Padus, now Chiasteggio, Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 49; Nep. Hann. 4, 1; Liv. 21, 48, 9.
  2. II. The name of a fragment of Nœvius, Varr. L. L. 7, 107; 9, 78.

Claterna, ae, f., a fortress in Gallia Cisalpina, near Bononia, on the river Guaderna, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2; id. Phil. 8, 2, 6; Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116.

† clāthri (in MSS. also clātri), ōrum, m. (clātra, ōrum, n., corresp. to the Greek, prob. Prop. 4 (5), 5, 74), = κλῃθπα τά, a lattice, grate (esp. to the cages of animals), Cato, R. R. 4; Col. 8, 17, 10; Hor. A. P. 473; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21; Claud. III. Cons. Stil. 272; Inscr. Orell. 3299.

clāthro (in MSS. also clātro), no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [clathri], to furnish with a grate or lattice, to set with bars (very rare), Cato, R. R. 4; Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 26; Col. 9, 1, 4; Inscr. Grut. 207, 2.

claudaster, tri, m., a little lame, Gloss.

claudeo, ēre, or claudo, no perf., sum, ĕre, v. n. [claudus, ground form of the more common claudico], to limp or halt, to be lame, to falter (mostly trop.).

        1. (α) Claudeo: an ubi vos sitis, ibi consilium claudeat, Caecil. ap. Prisc. p. 889 P.
        2. (β) Claudo: neque ignorantia res claudit, Sall. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84 (id. H. 3, 61, 25 Dietsch): conjuratione claudit, id. ap. Prisc. p. 889 P. (id. H. 3, 80 ib.): claudat amor erga te meus, Front. Ep. p. 122 Nieb.
        3. (γ) Of dub. form (yet it may be supposed that the passages in Cic. belong to claudeo as the regular form; cf. albeo = albico, candeo = candico, etc.; while the passages in Sall. infra belong to claudo): beatam vitam, etiam si ex aliquā parte clauderet, Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 22: quid est cur claudere aut insistere orationem malint, id. Or. 51, 170 Meyer N. cr.: in quācumque enim unā (parte) plane clauderet, orator esse non posset, id. Brut. 59, 214: nihil socordia claudebat, Sall. Fragm. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84; and id. ib. 2, 3, 39 (id. H. inc. 107 Dietsch): si alterā parte claudet respublica, Liv. 22, 39, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.; Gell. 1, 7, 20; 13, 20, 10; App. Flor. 18, p. 359; id. de Deo Socr. 17, p. 51; Symm. Ep. 1, 27.

Claudĭa, ae, f.

  1. I. A Roman female name; v. Claudius.
  2. II. A town of Noricum, Plin. 3, 24, 27, § 146.

Claudĭālis, e, adj. [Claudius], pertaining to the emperor Claudius, Claudian: flaminium, Tac. A. 13, 2 fin.; Inscr. Orell. 3044 al.

1. Claudĭānus, a, um, v. Claudius, II. B.

2. Claudĭānus, i, m. [Claudius], a Roman poet of Alexandria, of the time of Theodosius the Great and his sons, several of whose panegyric poems are extant, Symm. Ep. 9, 13.

claudĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [claudico], a limping, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; id. de Or. 2, 61, 249; Col. 6, 12, 1; Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 3.

claudĭco (clōdĭco, Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249, like Claudius and Clodius, codex and caudex, etc., v. au), āre, v. n. [claudeo; like albico, candico from albeo, candeo], to limp, halt, be lame (class.).

  1. I. Prop.: Carvilio graviter claudicanti ex vulnere, Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; Ov. F. 3, 758; Col. 6, 12, 3; Suet. Aug. 80; Just. 6, 2, 6.
    1. B. In Lucretius, meton., of other irregular or unbalanced motions, to waver, wabble, halt; of the lame wings of birds, Lucr. 6, 834; of the wavering of balances or scales, id. 4, 515; and of the earth’s axis, id: 6, 1107.
  2. II. Trop., to halt, waver, to be wanting, incomplete or defective: claudicat ingenium, Lucr. 3, 453: tota res vacillat et claudicat, Cic. N. D, 1, 38, 107: vereri ne tota amicitia quasi claudicare videatur, id. Fin. 1, 20, 69; so id. Brut. 63, 227; Liv. 22, 39, 3 (al. leg. claudo); Col. 4, 2, 1; Just. 6, 2, 5 and 6: ut constare possimus nobismet ipsis nec in ullo officio claudicare, Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119; cf.: in comoediā, claudicamus, Quint. 10, 1, 99.
    So of discourse: ne sermo in aequalitate horum omnium sicut pedum claudicet, Quint. 11, 3, 43: si quid in nostrā oratione claudicat, Cic. de Or. 3, 51, 198.
    And once of the measure of a verse: claudicat hic versus; haec, inquit, syllaba nutat, Claud. Epigr. 79, 3.

* claudīgo, ĭnis, f. [claudus], a lameness, limping, Veg. A. Veter. 1, 26, 1.

Claudĭŏpŏlis, is; acc. im; abl. i, f.

  1. I. A town in Southern Cappadocia, now Eraklia, Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 85; Amm. 14, 8, 2.
  2. II. A town in Bithynia, prob. the mod. Boli or Bula, Cod. Th. 12, 1, 119.
    Hence, Claudĭŏpŏlītāni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Claudiopolis in Bithynia, Plin. Ep. 10, 39 (48), 5; Traj. ib. 10, 40 (49), 3.

claudĭtas, ātis, f. [claudus], a lameness, limping (post-Aug.), Plin. 8, 43, 68, § 169; 28, 4, 7, § 35; App. Flor. 16.
In plur., Plin. 28, 4, 6, § 33.

Claudĭus (Clōdĭus, like claudo and clodo, codex and caudex, plostrum and plaustrum, etc.), Claudĭa, Clōdĭa,

  1. I. the name of two very celebrated Roman gentes (one patrician, the other plebeian; cf. Suet. Tib. 1 and 2; Verg. A. 7, 708; Liv. 2, 16, 4).
    1. A. Claudius; so,
      1. 1. App. Claudius Caecus (v. Appius).
      2. 2. The historian Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, a contemporary of Sulla and Sisenna, Vell. 2, 9, 6; Gell. 1, 7, 9.
        Called simply Claudius, Liv. 8, 19, 13; 9, 5, 2.
      3. 3. The emperor Claudius; in full, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, Suet. Claud. 1 sqq.; Tac. A. 11, 1 sqq.
      4. 4. In fem.: Claudĭa, a female of the gens Claudia.
    2. B. Clodius. Thus the restless tribune of the people, and enemy of Cicero, P. Clodius Pulcher, who was killed by Milo; v. Cic. Mil.
  2. II. Hence,
    1. A. Claudĭus (Clōd-), a, um, Claudian, Clodian: Via Claudia (Clodia), a branch of the Via Cassia, Ov. P. 1, 8, 44; Front. Aquaed. 11.
      Aqua Claudia, an aqueduct begun by the emperor Caligula, and finished by the emperor Claudius, Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20 Bremi.
      Tribus Claudia, beyond the Anio, named after the progenitor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 5; Verg. A. 7, 708; cf. Serv. in h. l.
      Leges Clodiae, proceeding from the tribune of the people, Clodius, Cic. Sest. 25 and 26; cf. Orell. Ind. Leg. s. h. v.
    2. B. Claudĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a Claudius (esp. to the emperor of this name): castra, of App. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 23, 31, 3: tonitrua, named after the same, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 10 Müll.: tempora, of the emperor Claudius, Tac. A. 14, 11; id. H. 5, 12: cometa, visible in his time, Sen. Q. N. 7, 21 and 29.
    3. C. Clōdĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Clodius, the enemy of Cicero: crimen, his murder, Cic. Mil. 27, 72: incendia, caused by him, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2: operae, id. ib. 2, 3, 2.

1. claudo (* clōdo: clodunt ita (oculos), Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. κλείω, κλείς, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.

  1. I. To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).
          1. (α) Claudo: forem cubiculi, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25; and, clausae fores, Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47: conventus portus Varroni clausit, Caes. B. C. 2, 19: januam serā, Tib. 1, 2, 6: domum, Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.: ostia, Cat. 6, 231: portas, Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68: omnes aditus, id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752: rivos, to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111: ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc., Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142: ocellos (in dying), Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so, oculos, Luc. 5, 28: lumina, Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503: clausis foribus, Lucr. 4, 598.
          2. (β) Cludo: domum, Tac. H. 1, 33: Janum Quirinum ter clusit, Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64: animam clusit dolor, Luc. 8, 59.
      1. 2. Trop.: nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit, Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55: domus clausa contra cupiditatem, id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39: habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus, id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6: aures ad doctissimas voces, id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20: cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus, Sen. Ep. 123, 9: horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit, Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572: alicui iter, id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548: alios incessus, Tac. A. 6, 33: sideritis sanguinem claudit, i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135: cluso corpore adversum vim veneni, Tac. A. 15, 64: clausa consilia habere, i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.
        Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one’s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.: vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit, id. ib. 2, 828).
    1. B. To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).
          1. (α) Claudo: cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum, Hor. C. 2, 4, 24: opus, Ov. F. 3, 384: jus, Luc. 5, 44: labores ingentis belli, Sil. 15, 655: epistulam, Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242: cenas lactucā, Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13: cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite, id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.
          2. (β) Cludo: cludere bella, Stat. Th. 11, 58: cludendi incohandique sententias ratio, Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf. opp. incipere, id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1): cum versus cluditur, id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.
      1. 2. Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so, aciem, Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.
  2. II. (For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).
          1. (α) Claudo, with abl.: locum aquā, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1: quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4: (animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco, Verg. A. 6, 734: stabulis armenta, id. G. 3, 352: claudens textis cratibus pecus, Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646: ensem vaginā, Luc. 5, 245: aliquem Gyaro, Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63: clausus domo, id. ib. 15, 53; cf.: intra domum, id. H. 4, 49: rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis, Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45: clauditur cubiculo aliquis, Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3: in arcā, Hor. S. 2, 7, 59: claudam in curiā vos, Liv. 23, 2, 9: in tectis, Ov. M. 3, 697: (apes) in arbore inani, id. F. 3, 743: aquilonem in antris, id. M. 1, 262.
            Without abl.: nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42: insula ea sinum ab alto claudit, Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.
            In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.: praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum … quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri, Caes. B. C. 3, 23: urbem operibus, Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.: urbem obsidione, Nep. Epam. 8, 5: adversarios locorum angustiis, id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4: multitudine, id. Milt. 5, 3: hinc Tusco claudimur amni, are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.
            So of hunting: nemorum saltus, Verg. E. 6, 56: indagine collis, Tib. 4, 3, 7: silvas vastasque feras indagine, Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553: insidiis altas valles, Tib. 1, 4, 49: cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae, Ov. F. 5, 371.
          2. (β) Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5: venti clusi Nubibus, Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.
    1. B. Trop.: numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier? Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84: nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier, id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf. I. A. 2. supra.
      Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias, Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198: pedibus verba, i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59: quod clausae hieme Alpes essent, Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).
      Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum (clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing): clausa effringere, Sall. J. 12, 5: in clauso linquere, in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303: fructus clauso custodire, Col. 12, praef. § 3: sub uno clauso, id. 7, 6, 5: clausa domorum, Lucr. 1, 354: clausa viarum, id. 4, 612.

2. claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

claudus (clūdus, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 64; and clōdus, Arat. Act. Apost. 266), a, um, adj. [root klu-; v. claudo; prop. shut in, hampered], limping, halting, lame.

  1. I. Prop.: sutor, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34: deus, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83: claudus altero pede, Nep. Ages. 8, 1; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 61: pes, id. C. 3, 2, 32: pars serpentis, Verg. A. 5. 278 al.
        1. b. Prov.: iste claudus, quemadmodum aiunt, pilam, said of one who cannot make a right use of a thing, Cic. Pis. 28, 69.
  2. II. Trop., wavering, crippled, imperfect, defective (rare; mostly poet.): clauda navigia aplustris, * Lucr. 4, 436; cf.: claudae mutilataeque naves, Liv. 37, 24, 6; Curt. 9, 9, 13; Tac. A. 2, 24.
    1. B. Esp. of language: clauda carmina alterno versu, i. e. elegies (since every second verse is a foot shorter than the preceding), Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 11: clausulae, Quint. 9, 4, 116; cf. id. 9, 4, 70.
    2. C. Wavering, untrustworthy: clauda pars officii tui, Ov. P. 3, 1, 86; cf.: clauda fides, Sil. 13, 33.
      No comp. or sup.

Clausala, ae, f., a river of Illyria, now the Khiri or Drinossi, Liv. 44, 31, 3 (al. Clausula).

claustra (clostra, Cato, R. R. 13, 3; 135, 2), ōrum, n. (in sing.: claustrum, i, rare, Caes. Germ. Arat. 197; Curt. 4, 5, 21; 7, 6, 13; Petr. 89, 2, 7; Gell. 14, 6, 3; Luc. 10, 509; App. M. 4, 10, p. 146 fin.; Amm. 23, 4, 6; 26, 8, 8: clostrum, Sen. Ben. 7, 21, 2) [clausum, claudo], that by which any thing is shut up or closed, a lock, bar, bolt.

  1. I. Prop.: claves, claustra, Varr. ap. Non. p. 545, 12: claustra revellere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 5, 21, 10: januae pandere, * Cat. 61, 76: laxare, Verg. A. 2, 259: relaxare, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 17: rumpere, Verg. A. 9, 758: diu claustris retentae ferae, Liv. 42, 59, 2: ferae claustris fractae, Plin. Pan. 81, 3: claustra pati, to submit to confinement, Col. 8, 17, 8: discutere, Petr. 11, 2: reserare, Sil. 7, 334: portarum ingentia claustra, Verg. A. 7, 185; Val. Fl. 3, 53: ferrea, Mart. 10, 28, 8: sub signo claustrisque rei publicae positum vectigal, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 21.
    1. B. Trop., a bar, band, barrier, bounds: arta portarum naturae effringere, i. e. to disclose its secrets, Lucr. 1, 72; cf.: tua claustra fregerunt tui versus, i. e. have become known, public, Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 3: pudoris et reverentiae refringere, id. ib. 2, 14, 4: vitaï claustra resolvere, to loose the bands of life, Lucr. 1, 416; 3, 397; 6, 1152: temporum, Vell. 1, 17, 4: (animus) amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra (the figure drawn from the bounds of a racecourse), Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9.
  2. II. In a more extended sense, a door or gate that shuts up any place, a dam, dike; meton., a place that is shut up: urbis relinquant, Ov. M. 4, 86; cf. Thebarum, Stat. Th. 10, 474.
    Of sunken ships, closing a port, Liv. 37, 14, 7; cf.: ubi demersis navibus frenassent claustra maris, id. 37, 15, 1: maris, i.e. a harbor, haven, Sil. 12, 442: undae, a dam, id. 5, 44; cf.: Lucrino addita, Verg. G. 2, 161; cf. id. A. 1, 56: Daedalea, i. e. the Labyrinth, Sen. Hippol. 1166 al.
    1. B. In milit. lang., a barricade, bulwark, key, defence, fortress, wall, bank, etc., for warding off an enemy: claustra loci, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84: Corinthus in faucibus Graeciae, sic ut terra claustra locorum teneret, id. Agr. 2, 32, 87: Sutrium, quae urbs socia Romanis velut claustra Etruriae erat, Liv. 9, 32. 1: Aegypti, id. 45, 11, 5; Tac. H. 2, 82; Suet. Vesp. 7: tutissima praebet, Liv. 42. 67, 6; cf. id. 6, 9, 4; 44, 7, 9; Tac. A. 2, 61 al.: montium, id. H. 3, 2: Caspiarum, id. ib. 1, 6: maris, id. ib. 3, 43; cf. Sil. 12, 442; Tac. A. 2, 59: suis claustris (walls, intrenchments) impeditos turbant, id. ib. 12, 31; cf. id. ib. 4, 49: regni claustra Philae, Luc. 10, 312: Africae, Flor. 4, 2, 70.
    2. C. Trop.: cum ego claustra ista nobilitatis refregissem, ut aditus ad consulatum pateret, Cic. Mur. 8, 17: annonae Aegyptus, Tac. H. 3, 8.

claustrālis, e [root klu-; v. claudo; prop. shut in, hampered], of or pertaining to a fortress: munimen, Cassiod. Var. 11, 14.

claustrārĭus, a, um [claustra], pertaining to locks: artifex, a locksmith, Lampr. Elag. 12.

* claustrĭtŭmus, i, m. [from claustrum, like aeditumus from aedes], a warden of locks, Laev. ap. Gell. 12, 105.

claustrum, i, v. claustra init.

1. clausŭla, ae. f. [claudo].

  1. I. A close, conclusion, end (cf. claudo, I. B.; in good prose; most freq. in Quint.): in quo (mimo) cum clausula non invenitur, a fitting end, Cic. Cael. 27, 65: tantum bonam clausulam inpone, Sen. Ep. 77, 20; Suet. Aug. 99: epistulae, Cic. Phil. 13, 21, 47; id. Fam. 2, 4, 2: edicti, id. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 35: clausulam inponere disputationi, Col. 3, 19, 3: peracti operis, id. 12, 57, 5: summae nervorum, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 247.
  2. II. Esp.
    1. A. In rhet., the close of a period, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 240; 3, 44, 173; 3, 46, 181; 3, 50, 192; id. Or. 64, 215 sq.; Quint. 8, 5, 13; 9, 3, 77; 9, 4. 50; 9, 4, 70; 9, 4, 101; opp. initiun, id. 8, 5, 4; 9, 3, 45; 9, 4, 62; 9, 4, 67; 9, 4, 107 al.: et calx, id. 8, 5, 30.
    2. B. In jurid. Lat., the conclusion of a legal formula, Dig. 4, 8, 25; 4, 6, 23; 4, 6, 26; and hence in gen., any clause or section of a law, ib. 3, 3, 15 pr.; 35, 3, 3 pr.

2. Clausŭla, v. Clausala.

clausum, i, v. claudo fin.

clausūra or clūsūra, ae, f. [claudo].

  1. * I. (Cf. claustra, I. A.) A lock, bar, bolt, Inscr. Orell. 2510.
  2. II. (Cf. claustra, II. B.) A castle, fort (late Lat.), Cod. Just. 1, 27, 2, § 4; Cassiod. Var. 2, 5.

1. clausus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from claudo.

2. Clausus, i, m., a Sabine proper name: Attus Clausus, ancestor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 4; 10, 8, 6; Verg. A. 7, 707; Tac. A. 4, 9 al.

clāva, ae, f. [root cel- of percello; cf. Gr. κλάω and clades].

  1. I. A knotty branch or stick, a staff, cudgel, club: adfer duas clavas … probas, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 20; Lucr. 5, 968: sternentes agmina clavā, Verg. A. 10, 318; Curt. 9, 4, 3; Ov. F. 1, 575; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 18; a bar, lever, Cato, R. R. 13, 1.
    As a weapon for exercising, used by young men, and esp. by soldiers, a foil, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Veg. Mil. 1, 11.
    As a badge of Hercules, Prop. 4 (5) 9, 39; Ov. H. 9, 117; id. M. 9, 114; 9, 236; * Suet. Ner. 53; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 62 Müll.
    Hence, prov., clavam Herculi extorquere, for an impossible undertaking, Macr. S. 5, 3; Don. Vit. Verg.
    Also Clava Herculis, a plant, otherwise called nymphea, Marc. Emp. 33.
  2. II. In the lang. of economy, a graft, scion, Pall. Mart. 10, 12 and 13; cf. clavula.

* clāvārĭum, ii, n. [root cel- of percello; cf. Gr. ], money given to soldiers for the purchase of shoe-nails (cf. calcearium), Tac. H. 3, 50 fin.

* clāvātor, ōris, m. [clava], one who carries clubs or foils, used in military exercises, a cudgel-bearer, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 62, 9 Müll.

clāvātus, a, um, v. clavo.

clāvĭcārĭus, ĭi, m. [clavis], a locksmith (late Lat.), Cod. Just. 10, 64, 1.

clāvĭcŭla, ae, f. dim. [clavis]

  1. * I. A small key, Caes. Germ. Arat. 195.
  2. II. A tendril, by which the vine clings to its props, Cic. Sen. 15, 52; id. N. D. 2, 47, 120; Col. 4, 6, 2; Plin. 23, prooem. § 5.
  3. III. A bar, bolt of the door, Hyg. Grom. 55.
    Hence, clāvĭcŭlārĭus, ĭi, m., a key-keeper, jailer, Firm. Math. 3, 66.

1. clāvĭger, gĕra, gĕrum, adj., clubbearing; as an epithet of Hercules [clavagero], the club-bearer (v. clava, 1.), Ov. M. 15, 22; 15, 284; id. F 1, 544; 4, 68.
Also of the robber Periphetes: clavigera proles, Ov. M. 7, 437: clavigerum numen, Sil. 3, 14.

2. clāvĭger, gĕri, m. [clavis-gero], the key-bearer, an epithet of Janus, as the god of doors, Ov. F. 1, 228; cf. Macr S. 1, 9.

clāvis (clāves, acc. to Pompon. Comment. p. 459), is, f. (acc. commonly clavem, clavim, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 78; Tib. 2, 4, 31; cf. Paul ex Fest. p. 56 Müll.;

  1. I. Don. p. 1750 P., Charis. p. 101 ib.; abl. clavi and clave: clavi, Varr. R. R. 1, 22 fin., App. M. 1, 14, p. 108; Dig. 48, 8, 1, § 3; Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 252; cf. Charis. l. l.: clave, Juv. 15, 158; App. M. 9, 20, p. 226; Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 15; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 199) [root klu-, v. claudo], a key: clavim cedo, Plaut Most. 2, 1, 78: clavem abduxi, id. Cas. 5, 2, 7: omnis horreorum clavis tradidisti, Cic. Dom. 10, 25: alias clavis portis imposuit, Liv. 27, 24, 8: unā portarum clave teneri, Juv. 15, 158: aptare claves foribus, Mart. 9, 47, 2: adulterinae portarum, false keys, Sall. J 12, 3; cf.: clavis adultera, Ov. A. A. 3, 643: sub clavi esse, to be shut up, Varr. R. R. 1, 22 fin.; cf.: Caecuba Servata centum clavibus, Hor C. 2, 14, 26: claves tradere, as an indication of the delivering up of the household (for possession or oversight), Dig. 18, 1, 74; 31, 77, § 21: claves adimere uxori, to separate from her, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: Laconica, a peculiar key with several wards, used only for fastening from the outside, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 57 Lorenz ad loc.
  2. II. Esp.
    1. A. Clavis trochi, an instrument in the form of a key, by which a top was set in motion, Prop. 3 (4), 14, 6.
    2. * B. Clavis torculari, a lerer, bar (French, clef), Cato, R. R. 13, 1 Schneid. N. cr., and Comm. p. 57.

clāvo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [clavus] (rare; not ante-Aug.; mostly in part. perf.).

  1. I. To furnish or fasten with nails, to nail, Paul. Nol. 21, 103: clavata concha, i. e. furnished with points or prickles, Plin. 9, 36, 61, § 130.
  2. II. To furnish with a purple stripe (cf. clavus, II. D.): mantilia cocco clavata, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 37: clavata auro tunica, Vop. Bonos. 15; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 9 Müll.

clāvŭla (clābŭla or clāvŏla), ae, f. dim. [clava], a scion, graft, Varr. R. R, 1, 40, 4; cf. Non. p. 414, 29.

clāvŭlāris, v. clabularis.

clāvŭlus, i, m. dim. [clavus].

  1. I. A small nail, a tack, Cato, R. R. 21, 3; Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15.
  2. * II. A small swelling (cf. clavus, II. B.), Marc. Emp. 33.

clāvus, i, m. [root klu-, v. claudo; prop. that which shuts or fastens].

  1. I. A nail, usually of metal.
    1. A. Lit.: offerumentas habebis pluris Quam ulla navis longa clavos, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48: (leges) ad parietem fixae clavis ferreis, id. Trin. 4, 3, 32; so, clavi ferrei, Cato, R. R. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 3, 13; Vitr. 7, 3 al.
      Sometimes of hard wood: clavis corneis occludere, Cato, R. R. 18 fin.: cornus … lignum utile, si quid cuneandum sit in ligno clavisve figendum ceu ferreis, Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206: clavis religare tigna, Caes. B. C. 2, 10: clavos per modica intervalla figentes, Liv. 28, 20, 4.
      Acc. to a Tuscan usage the ancient Romans designated the number of the year by nails, which the highest magistrate annually, at the Ides of September, drove into the wall of Jupiter’s temple: clavo ab dictatore fixo, Liv. 7, 3, 3 sqq.; 8, 18, 12 sq.; 9, 28, 6: clavus annalis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56, 10 Müll.; cf. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 329 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 263. Also, in a later age, country people seem to have kept an account of the years in this way, Petr. 135, 8, 9.
      Prov.: clavo clavum eicere, to drive out one nail by another (Gr. ἥλῳ τὸν ἧλον, παττάλῳ τὸν πάτταλον, sc. δεῖ ἐξελαύνειν): novo quidam amore veterem amorem tamquam clavo clavum eiciendum putant, Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75: aliquid trabali clavo figere, to fasten with a large nail, to clinch a matter, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53; Arn. 2, p. 51.
      1. 2. As a symbol of immovable firmness: Necessitas Clavos trabales Gestans, Hor. C. 1, 35, 18: si figit adamantinos Necessitas Clavos, id. ib. 3, 24, 7; cf. O. Müll. as above cit., p. 331.
        Hence,
    2. B. Trop.: ex hoc die clavum anni movebis, i. e. reckon the beginning of the year, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 1: fixus animus clavo Cupidinis, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 4.
      Prov.: beneficium trabali clavo figere (v. trabalis), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53 Zumpt; cf. Arn. 2, p. 51.
  2. II. Meton. of objects of like form.
    1. A. (Lit. the handle of the rudder, the tiller; hence, pars pro toto.) The rudder, helm, in gen. (only sing.): ut clavum rectum teneam, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 12 (Ann. v. 472 Vahl.): clavum ad litora torquere, Verg. A. 5, 177 Serv.; 10, 218.
        1. b. Trop.: clavum tanti imperii tenere et gubernacula rei publicae tractare, Cic. Sest. 9, 20: abicere, to leave off the care of a thing, Arn. 3, 106: dum clavum rectum teneam, if I keep a steady helm, am not negligent (as in Gr. ὀρθὰν τὰν ναῦν), Quint. 2, 17, 24 Spald.; cf. the passage of Enn. supra.
    2. B. In medic. lang., a painful tumor or excrescence, a wart, a corn; on the feet, Cels. 5, 28, 14. clavis in pedibus mederi, Plin. 20, 17, 71, § 184; 22, 23, 49, § 101 sq.; 26, 11, 66, § 106; 28, 16, 62, § 222; on the eye, Cels. 6, 7, 12; in the nose, Plin. 24, 14, 77, § 126; upon the neck of cattle, Col. 6, 14, 6; in sheep, id. 7, 5, 11.
      Also a disease of the olive-tree, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 223.
    3. C. A kind of abortion of bees, Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 50.
    4. D. A purple stripe on the tunica, which, for senators, was broad (latus, cf. laticlavius); for the equites, narrow (angustus; cf. angusticlavius). In the time of the emperors, however, the sons of the senators and equites also, who were preparing for civil office, wore the latus clavus, Liv. 9, 7, 9; Varr. L. L. 9, § 79 Müll.; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 29 Jahn; cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 36; 1, 6, 28; Quint. 11, 3, 138; Vell. 2, 88, 2; Suet. Aug. 94: tunicam ita consuere, ut altera plagula sit angustis clavis, altera latis, Varr L. L. 9, § 47 Müll.
      Hence the phrase: latum clavum ab Caesare impetravi, i. e. I have become senator, Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 2; cf.: clavum alicui tribuere, Suet. Claud. 24: impetrare, id. Vesp. 4: adimere, id. Tib. 35: adipisci, id. Vesp. 2.
      Rarely a purple stripe on bed or table cloths, Amm. 16, 8, 8.
      1. 2. Poet., a tunic, in gen., either wide or narrow striped: mutare in horas, Hor. S. 2, 7, 10: sumere depositum, id. ib. 1, 6, 25.

claxendix, v. clacendix.

Clāzŏmĕnae, ārum, f., = Κλαζομεναί,

  1. I. a town on the coast of Ionia, upon a peninsula of the Bay of Smyrna, now Kelisman or Vourla, Mel. 1, 17, 3; Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 117; Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104; Hor. S. 1, 7, 5.
    Hence,
  2. II. Clāzŏmĕnĭus, a, um, adj., of Clazomenœ, Clazomenian: Anaxagoras, Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 138; Plin. 2, 58, 59, § 149: vinum, id. 14, 7, 9, § 73.
    Clāzŏ-mĕnĭi, ōrum, the inhabitants of Clazomenœ, Liv. 38, 39, 9 al.