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cōlon or cōlum, i, n. (cōlus, i, m., Ser. Samm. 31, 1), = κῶλον (a member).

  1. I. The colon or great gut (the largest of the intestines), Plin. 11, 37, 79, § 202.
    Esp., as the part affected by the colic: coli tormentum, Plin. 22, 22, 37, § 79: coli dolor, Scrib. Comp. 122.
    Hence,
    1. B. A disease of the colon, the colic, Plin. 20, 15, 57, § 162; 31, 9, 45, § 102; Scrib. Comp. l. l.; Ser. Samm. l. l.
  2. II. Transf., a member of a verse (pure Lat. membrum), * Quint. 9, 4, 78; of a poem, Aug. ap. Don. Vit. Verg. c. 12.

1. cōlum, i, n.

  1. I. A vessel for straining, a strainer, colander, Cato, R. R. 11, 2; Verg. G. 2, 242; Col. 11, 2, 70; 12, 19, 4; 12, 38, 7; Plin. 36, 23, 52, § 173; App. M. 3, p. 130, 20; Scrib. Comp. 156 al.: colum nivarium, for cooling wine, Mart. 14, 103 inscr.; cf. id. 14, 104; Dig. 34, 2, 2.
  2. * II. Poet., a bow-net, a net of wicker-work for catching fish, a wear, Aus. Ep. 4, 57; cf. 2. colo.

2. cōlum, = colon, q. v.

cŏlumba, ae, f. [columbus], a dove, pigeon, Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 79; id. Fin. 3, 5, 18; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 103; Varr. R. R. 3, 7; Col. 8, 8; Plin. 10, 34, 52, § 104; Pall. 1, 24; Ov. M. 1, 506; 5, 605; id. Am. 2, 6, 56; Hor. C. 1, 37, 18; 4, 4, 32; id. Epod. 16, 32; as sacred to Venus: Cythereiades, Ov. M. 15, 386; cf. Hyg. Fab. 197.
As a term of endearment, my dove, Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 50 al.; cf. Vulg. Cant. 2, 10.

cŏlumbar, āris, n. [columba], a kind of collar (so called from its similarity to the hole in a dove-cot), Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 50.

cŏlumbārĭa, v. columbarius, II. B. 3.

cŏlumbārĭus, a, um, adj. [columba], pertaining to doves; only subst.,

  1. I. cŏ-lumbārĭus, ii, m., a dove-keeper, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 7; 3, 7, 5.
  2. II. cŏlumbārĭum, ii, n.
    1. A. A dove-cot, pigeon-house, Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 4 sq.; Col. 8, 8, 3; 8, 8, 6; 8, 11, 3; Pall. 1, 24; Plin. 19, 9, 6, § 51; Dig. 10, 2, 8, § 1.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. In archit., the gain or mortise in which rafters or joists lie, Vitr. 4, 2, 4.
      2. 2. A hole near the axle of a water-wheel, Vitr. 10, 9, 2.
      3. 3. An opening in the side of a vessel for the oars to pass through, a rowlock; plur.: columbaria in summis lateribus navium loca concava, per quae eminent remi, Isid. Orig. 19, 2, 3; cf. Fest. p. 169, 8.
        Hence, cŏlumbā-rĭus, ii, m., an oarsman, as a term of reproach. Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.
      4. 4. A subterranean sepulchre, in the walls of which were niches for urns of ashes, Inscr. Orell. 2975; 4513; v. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. columbarium.

* cŏlumbātim, adv. [columba], after the manner of doves, like doves: da basia, Poët. ap. Anth. Lat. 1, 3, 219.

cŏlumbīnācĕus, a, um, adj. [columbinus], pertaining to a dove: pullus, a young dove, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 18, 111.

cŏlumbīnus, a, um [columba], pertaining to a dove or pigeon, dove-: pulli, Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 9; * Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 3; so also absol.: cŏlumbīni, ōrum, m., little doves, Mart. 13, 66: ovum, * Hor. S. 2, 4, 56: fimus, Plin. 17, 27, 47, § 259: stercora, id. 35, 6, 27, § 46.

    1. 2. Dove-colored: terra, Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 43: cicer, id. 18, 12, 32, § 124: vitis, id. 14, 3, 4, § 40: saxum, Pall. 1, 10, 3.

* cŏlumbor, āri, v. dep. [columba], to bill or kiss like doves, Maecenas ap. Sen. Ep. 114, 5.

* cŏlumbŭlātim, adv. [columbulus], in the manner of little doves, like little doves: labra conserens labris, Matius ap. Gell. 20, 9, 2; cf. columbatim.

cŏlumbŭlus, i, m., or -a, ae, f. dim. [columbus], a little dove, Plin. Ep. 9, 25, 3.

cŏlumbus, i, m. [κόλυμβος; cf.: calvus, color], a male dove or cock-pigeon (and transf., of male persons), Varr. L. L. 9, § 56; Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 49; Cat. 29, 9; 68, 125; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 5,

  1. I. A dove in gen. (very rare), Col. 8, 8, 1; Plin. 10, 9, 11, § 25.

1. cŏlŭmella (in MSS. often cŏlum-nella), ae, f. dim. [columna, columen],

  1. I. a small column, a pillar, Cato, R. R. 20, 1; 22, 2; Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66; id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; Caes. B. C. 2, 10.
    1. B. The foot or pedestal of a catapult, Vitr. 10, 15.
  2. II. Trop., a pillar, support, prop (cf. columen), Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57.

2. Cŏlŭmella, ae, m., a Roman cognomen in the gens Junia; so,

  1. I. M. Junius Moderatus Columella, of Hispania Bœtica, uncle of the following.
  2. II. L. Junius Moderatus Columella, a well-known writer on husbandry, in the first century of the Christian era. He was of Gades, and a companion of Seneca and Celsus; his writings, De Re Rustica and De Arboribus, are yet extant; v. Schneid. Scriptt. Rei Rust. II. 2 praef.; Col. 7, 2, 4; 7, 10, 185; Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 17, 9, 6, §§ 51 and 52; Pall. 1, 19, 3.

cŏlŭmellāris, e, adj [columella], pillar-formed (rare): dentes, the grinders of horses, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2; Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 168; in vulg. Lat. colomelli, acc. to Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 48.

cŏlŭmen, ĭnis, n., and contr. cul-men, mis, n. [root cel- of excello; cf.: celsus, culmus, calamus, collis], lit., that which rises in height, is prominent, projects; hence the point, top, summit, ridge.

  1. I. Form columen, inis, n. (only this form is used by Plautus, v. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. p. 65).
    1. A. An elevated object, a pillar, column: ego vitam agam sub altis Phrygiae columinibus, the lofty buildings, or perh. the mountain-heights, Cat. 63, 71 Ellis ad loc.; and of a pillar of fire: Phoebi fax, tristis nunt a belli, quae magnum ad columen flammato ardore volabat, like an ascending column, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.
    2. B. The highest part or top of an object, e. g. of a wall; the coping; Fr. le chaperon, Cato, R. R. 15, 1; of a building, a ridge, a roof, a gable: in turribus et columinibus villae, Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 1: aulae, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1000; id. Thyest. 54 Gron.; so of the Capitol, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20, and of the culmination of heavenly bodies: oritur Canicula cum Cancro, in columen venit cum Geminis, Nigid. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 218.
      1. 2. Trop., the top, crown, summit, first, chief, the height, etc.: columen amicorum Antonii, Cotyla Varius, Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26: pars haec vitae jam pridem pervenit ad columen, Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 57; Col. 3, 4, 3: audaciae, the crown of impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211.
  2. G. An elevated object that supports, sustains something; in archit., the top of a gable-end, a gable pillar, a prop, Vitr. 4, 2, 1; 4, 7, 5.
    Esp. freq.,
      1. 2. Trop., a support, prop, stay: familiae, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176: senati, praesidium popli, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 6; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 7: rei publicae, Cic. Sest. 8, 19; Curt. 9, 6, 8: imperii Romani, Div 38, 51, 3: regni Ausonii, Sil. 15, 385: Asiae, Sen. Troad. 6: rerum mearum (Maecenas), Hor. C. 2, 17, 4: doctrinarum, artium (Varro et Nigidius), Gell. 19, 14, 1; Col. 3, 4, 3.
  3. II. culmen, ĭnis, n. (in Cic. only once; cf. the foll. B.; not in Cat., Lucr., or Hor.; in gen. first freq. since the Aug. per.).
    1. * A. Any thing high; poet., of the stalk of a bean, Ov. F. 4, 734.
    2. B. The top, summit, e. g. of a building, a roof, gable, cupola, etc.: columen in summo fastigio culminis, Vitr. 4, 2, 1; Ov. M. 1, 295; 1, 289; Verg. E. 1, 69: tecta domorum, id. A. 2, 446; 2, 458; 4, 186: culmina hominum, deorum, i. e. of houses and temples, id. ib. 4, 671; Liv. 27, 4, 11; 42, 3, 7.
      Of the dome of heaven, * Cic. Arat. 26.
      Of mountain summits: Alpium, Caes. B. G. 3, 2: Tarpeium, Suet. Dom. 23.
      Of the crown of the head of men, Liv. 1, 34, 9.
      Of the top of the prow of a ship, Luc. 3, 709.
      1. 2. Trop., the summit, acme, height, point of culmination (perh. not ante-Aug.): a summo culmine fortunae ad ultimum finem, Liv. 45, 9, 7: principium culmenque (columenque, Sillig) omnium rerum pretii margaritae tenent, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106: ruit alta a culmine Troja, Verg. A. 2, 290 (Hom. Il. 13, 772: κατ’ ἄκρης); cf. id. ib. 2, 603: de summo culmine lapsus, Luc. 8, 8: regale, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 64. pastorale, id. B. Get. 355: honoris, App. Flor. 3.

‡ cŏlŭmis, e, adj., unhurt, safe; Gloss. Isid.: colume sanum, and columes salvos. (But, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 15, the true reading is incolumem; v. prol. ad Trin. p. 68 Ritschl.)

cŏlumna, ae, f. [root cel- of excello; v. columen, of which it is orig. a collat. form].

    1. A. A projecting object, a column, pillar, post (very freq.), Vitr. 4, 1, 1 sq.; 3, 3; Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11: columnae et templa et porticus sustinent, tamen habent non plus utilitatis quam dignitatis, Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; id. Verr. 2, 1, 51, §§ 133 and 134; Quint. 5, 13, 40: columnae Doricae, Ionicae, Tuscanicae, Corinthiae, Atticae, Plin. 36, 22, 56, § 178 sq.; Vitr. 4, 1, 1 sqq.: Rostrata, a column ornamented with beaks of ships, erected in honor of Duellius, the conqueror of the Carthaginians, Quint. 1, 7, 12 Spald.; fragments of the inscription on it are yet extant, v. in the Appendix: Maenia, also absol. Columna, a pillory in the Forum Romanum, where thieves, criminal slaves, and debtors were judged and punished, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50 Ascon.
      Absol.: ad columnam pervenire. Cic. Clu. 13, 39: adhaerescere ad columnam, id. Sest. 8, 18; cf. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. columna.
      Plur.: columnae, as the sign of a bookseller’s shop, Hor. A. P 373 Orell. ad loc.
      From the use of pillars to designate boundaries of countries: Columnae Protei = fines Aegypti, Verg. A. 11, 262; and: Columnae Herculis, i. e. Calpe et Abyla, Mel. 1, 5, 3; 2, 6, 8; Plin. 3, prooem. § 4; Tac. G. 34.
      Prov.: incurrere amentem in columnas, Cic. Or. 67, 224.
      1. * 2. Trop., a pillar, support; of Augustus, Hor. C. 1, 35, 14.
      2. 3. Transf., of objects resembling a pillar; so,
        1. a. Of the arm (comice): ecce autem aedificat: columnam mento suffigit suo, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 54.
        2. b. A water-spout, Lucr. 6, 426; 6, 433; Plin. 2, 49, 50, § 134.
        3. c. Of fire, a meteor, Sen. Q. N. 7, 20, 2; cf. of the pillar of cloud and of fire which guided the Exodus, Vulg. Exod. 13, 21 sq.
        4. d. Membrum virile, Mart. 6, 49; 11, 51; Auct. Priap. 9, 8.
        5. e. Narium recta pars eo quod aequaliter sit in longitudine et rotunditate porrecta, columna vocatur, Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 48.
    2. * B. The top, summit; so only once of the dome of heaven, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21; cf. columen.

cŏlumnar, āris, n. [for columnarium], a stone-quarry, marble-quarry, Inscr. Orell. 4034.

* cŏlumnāris, e, adj. [columna], rising in the form of a pillar: lux, a pillar of fire, Prud. Ham. 476 (in imitation of the Heb. [??], Exod. 13, 21); cf. columnifer.

cŏlumnārĭum, ii, v. columnarius, II.

cŏlumnārĭus, a, um, adj. [columna], of or pertaining to a column; only subst.,

  1. * I. cŏlumnārĭus, ii, m., one who was condemned at the Columna Maenia (v. columna, A.); therefore a criminal or debtor, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 4.
  2. II. cŏlum-nārĭum, ii, n., a tribute for the pillars of a house, a pillar-tax, Cic. Att. 13, 6, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf. columnar.

cŏlumnātĭo, ōnis, f. [columna], a supporting by pillars: scaenae, App. Flor. 18, p. 359, 3.

cŏlumnātus, a, um, adj. [columna], supported by posts or pillars (perh. only in the foll. exs.): tholus, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 12: diversoria, Ambros. de Cain et Abel, 1, 5, 19: pons, Ampel. Lib. Mem. 8, 3.
Humorously: os, i. e. supported upon the hand, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 54.

cŏlumnella, v. columella.

* cŏlumnĭfer, fĕra, fĕrum, adj. [columna-fero], column-bearing: radius, a pillar of fire, Prud. Cath. 9, 51; cf. columnaris.