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dĕcĭmānus or dĕcŭmānus (v. decimus), a, um, adj. [decimus], of or belonging to the tenth part.

  1. I. Prop.
    1. A. Of tithes, as a tax: ager, that pays tithes, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6; cf.: frumentum, i. e. a tithe of the produce, id. ib. 2, 3, 5 fin. and 81: oleum, Lucil. ap. Non. 445, 19.
      1. 2. Subst.: dĕcŭmānus, i, m., a farmer of tithes, tithe-gatherer, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13; 71; 2, 3, 8 et saep.: (perh. sarcastically) dĕcŭmāna, ae, f., the wife of a tithefarmer, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33; for which decumana mulier, id. ib. 34.
    2. B. Of the tenth cohort: miles, Auct. B. Afr. 16, 2; and oftener absol. dĕcŭmāni, ōrum, m., id. ib. § 1; Auct. B. Hisp. 30 fin.; Tac. H. 5, 20; Suet. Caes. 70.
      Esp.: porta decumana, the main entrance of a Roman camp, placed the farthest from the enemy (because the tenth cohort of each legion was there encamped), opposite the porta praetoria, Caes. B. G. 2, 24; 3, 25 fin.; 6, 37; id. B. C. 3, 69; Liv. 3, 5; 10, 32 fin. al.; cf. Veg. Mil. 1, 23; Smith’s Ant. p. 222, a.
    3. C. Decumanus limes, in agriculture, a boundary line drawn from east to west, opp. cardo (v. h. v.), Col. 12, 43, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 169; 18, 34, 77, § 337; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 14; v. Wordswörth, Fragm. p. 446.
  2. II. Meton., considerable, large, immense (cf.: decimus, decem, decies, etc.): accipensere, Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: DECUMANA ova’ dicuntur et DECUMANI fluctus, quia sunt magna, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 5; cf. ib. 4, 7 Müll.

dĕcĭmo or dĕcŭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decimus].

  1. I. To select by lot every tenth man for punishment, to decimate (postAug., although the practice itself occurs as early as 283 A. U. C.; v. Liv. 2, 59 fin.), Suet. Galb. 12: cohortes, id. Aug. 24: cohortium militem, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 37 al.
    Absol., Suet. Calig. 48.
  2. II. To cause to pay tithes, to collect tithes from a person.
    Pass.: et Levi decimatus est, Vulg. Hebr. 7, 9.
  3. III. To select the tenth part as an offering, to pay tithes of anything, Fest. p. 237, 25 Müll.; Vulg. Matth. 23, 23.
    Hence, dĕcŭmātus, a, um, P. a., selected, excellent, choice: honestas, Symm. Ep. 3, 49 and 51.
    Sup.: juvenis, id. ib. 8, 16.

1. dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

  1. I. Prop.: mensis, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29: legio, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.: decima hora, Cic. Phil. 2, 31; and without hora, Auct. Her. 4, 51: annus, Verg. A. 9, 155: septuma (dies) post decumam, i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.: cum decumo efficit ager, i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.
        1. * b. dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.
    1. B. Subst.: dĕcĭma (dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.
      1. 1. As an offering: testatur Terentius Varro … majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere, Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80: tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo, Liv. 5, 21; cf.: cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae, Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20; so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood, id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.
      2. 2. A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people: Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.
      3. 3. A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.
      4. 4. A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.
  2. II. Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense (poet.): vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae, Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. τρικυμία); so of billows, Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes; posterior nono est undecimoque prior, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

dĕcŭma, ae, f., v. decimus.

dĕcŭmānus, a, um, v. decimanus.

dĕcŭmātes, ium, adj. [decimus], belonging to tithes, tithe-: agri, subject to tithes or tribute, tithe-land, Tac. G. 29 fin., v. Orell. ad h. 1.