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dĕcŭrĭa, ae, f. [decem, after the analogy of centuria, from centum],

  1. I. a division consisting of ten, a company of ten, a tithing: decuria, decade, Gr. δεκάς (cf. Eng. dozen). Thus Romulus, acc. to Dion. Hal. 2, 7, p. 82 d, formed out of the thirty curiae 300 δεκάδας (gentes), v. 2. decurio init. So, too, in agriculture: classes etiam non majores quam denum hominum faciundae, quas decurias appellaverunt antiqui, Col. 1, 9, 7; cf. Gell. 18, 7; Sen. Ep. 47, 7; Vitr. 7, 1, 3. Of things: pellium tentoriarum, Valerian. ap. Trebell. Claud. 14.
  2. II. In gen. (cf. centuria), a division, company, class, most freq. of the decuriae of the judges (three, till the time of Augustus, who added a fourth, and Caligula a fifth), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32 fin.; id. Phil. 1, 8; 13, 2, 3; id. Clu. 37, 103; Suet. Aug. 32; id. Calig. 16; Quint. 4, 2, 45; Inscr. Orell. 3877; 3155 sq. al.: equitum, Suet. Tib. 41: scribarum, id. Claud. 1; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79: VIATORIA, Inscr. Orell. 4076; 2204 al. Said jocosely of a party of boon companions, association, club, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 62; Caecil. ap. Non. 139, 19 (Com. 15 Ribb.).

dĕcŭrĭālis, e, adj. [decuria], of or belonging to a decuria: leges, Cod. Just. 11, 13, 2; hence subst., a member of a decuria (mostly post-class.): numerus, Tert. Anim. 37: DECVRIALIVM GERVLORVM DISPENSATOR, Inscr. Orell. 874; 976; 2252; 3216 al.; Fragm. Vat. § 142.

‡ dĕcŭrĭātim, adv. [id.; cf. centuriatim], by decuriae, v. Charis. p. 165 P.

* dĕcŭrĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. decurio], a dividing into decuriae: tribulium, descriptio populi, etc., Cic. Planc. 18, 45.

* dĕcŭrĭātus, ūs, m. [1. decurio], a dividing into decuriae: ubi (milites) ad decuriatum aut centuriatum convenissent, Liv. 22, 38.

1. dĕcŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decuria], to divide into decuriae.

  1. I. Prop.: equites decuriati, centuriati pedites, Liv. 22, 38, v. preced. art.
    Esp. to divide the people into companies or clubs for purposes of bribery and corruption: servorum delectus habebatur … cum vicatim homines conscriberentur, decuriarentur, Cic. Sest. 15: decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse, etc., id. Planc. 18, 45; cf. ib. 19, 47; id. Phil. 7, 6, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5, and v. decuriatio.
  2. * II. Trop.: vertex incrementis lustralibus decuriatus, i. e. of a man ten lustres old, Mart. Cap. 1, p. 1.

2. dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis (also DECURES decuriones, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 22, and 75, 9 Müll.; and DECVRIONVS, the same, ib. 49, 16), m. [decuria], the head or chief of a decuria, a decurion. The name was first given by Romulus to the head of the tenth part of a curia (cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 354). In the army, the commander of a decuria of cavalry, Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll.; Veget. Mil. 2, 14; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 13; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 2, 29. After the extension of the Roman dominion, the members of the senate of the municipia and the colonies were called decuriones, Dig. 50, 16, 239; 50, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 31; Cic. Sest. 4, 10; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Clu. 14, 41; Vulg. Marc. 15, 43.
Sometimes i. q. praefectus, applied to the overseer of the persons employed in any duty about the court, e. g. a head-chamberlain: cubiculariorum, Suet. Dom. 17, PROCVLVS DECVRIO GERMANORVM (i. e. custodum corporis) TI. GERMANICI, Inscr. Orell. 2923.

‡ dĕcŭrĭōnālis, e, adj. [2. decurio], belonging to a decurion, βουλευτικός, Gloss. Philox.; Inscr. Grut. 469, 4.

dĕcŭrĭōnātus, ūs, m. [2. decurio], the office and dignity of a decurion; of cavalry, Cato ap. Fest. p. 201, 28 M.; in the municipia, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 114; Dig. 50, 2, 2 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 164 al.

dĕcŭrĭōnus, v. 2. decurio init.