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Gĕla, ae, f., = Γέλα,

  1. I. a city on the southern coast of Sicily, at first called Lindos, and afterwards Gela, from the River Gela or Gelas, on which it stood, now Terranova (acc. to others Alicata), Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 73; 31, 7, 41, § 86; Verg. A. 3, 702; Sil. 14, 218.
    Gĕla, ae, m., the river Gela, now Fiume di Terranova, Ov. F. 4, 470; also Gelas, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 89.
  2. II. Derivv.:
    1. A. Gĕ-lōus, a, um, adj., = Γελῷος, of or belonging to Gela: campi, Verg. A. 3, 701.
    2. B. Gĕlenses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Gela, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103; 2, 4, 33, § 73.
    3. C. Gĕlāni, ōrum, m., the same, Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 91.

gĕlasco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [gelo], to turn to ice, to freeze: vini natura non gelascit, Plin. 14, 21, 27, § 132.

gĕlāsĭānus, i, m. [γελασῖνος, a laugher; from γελάω, to laugh], a buffoon, jester (late Lat.), Sid. Carm. 23, 301.

† gĕlăsīnus, i, m., = γελασῖνος, a dimple in the cheek, produced by smiling, Mart. 7, 25, 6.

gĕlātĭo, ōnis, f. [gelo], a freezing, frost (post-Aug.), Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 233: artuum, Scrib. Comp. 179.

gĕlātus, ūs, m. [gelo], a frost, Cael. Aur. Tard. 4, 3.

Geldŭba, ae, f., a castle in Gallia Belgica, on the Rhine, now Gelb or Gellep, Plin. 19, 5, 28, § 90; Tac. H. 4, 26; 32; 35 sq.

gĕlĕfactus, a, um, adj. [gelum+fio], turned to ice, frozen, Ven. Fort. Carm. 8, 6, 213.

Gĕlenses, ium, v. Gela, II. B.

gĕlĭcĭdĭum, ii, n. [gelu-cado], frost, κρυμός (mostly in plur): si gelicidia erunt, cum oleam coges, Cato, R. R. 65, 2; so plur., Col. 2, 8, 3; 3, 1, 7; 11, 3 fin.; Vitr. 2, 7 med.: nocturna, night-frosts, Col. 11, 2, 6.
In sing., Varr. R. R. 1, 55, 2.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï aquaï, Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

  1. I. Lit.: (Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem … eumque multo gelidiorem facit, Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6: caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum, cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4: aqua, Lucr. 3, 693: aquam gelidam bibere, Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.: gelidissimae aquae, Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10: fontium gelidae perennitates, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98: fluvii, Lucr. 6, 1172: nives, id. 6, 107: pruina, id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263: loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis, Liv. 38, 27, 9: nemus, Hor. C. 1, 1, 30: valles, Verg. G. 2, 488: rupes, id. A. 8, 343: Haemus, Hor. C. 1, 12, 6: Algidus, id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25: saxum, Lucr. 3, 892: umbrae frigoris, id. 5, 641: nox, Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169: aether, Verg. A. 8, 28: December, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3: foci, i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28: tyrannus (i. e. Boreas), id. M. 6, 711.
    1. B. Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf. calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida, Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.
  2. II. In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright (poet., like frigidus): (Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit, Ov. M. 6, 277: artus, id. ib. 4, 247; 6, 249: vultus, id. ib. 4, 141: gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet, Verg. A. 5, 395: et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat, Ov. F. 1, 98; so, pavidus gelidusque, id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.
    Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.: gelidi vestigia leti, Lucr. 3, 530: mors, Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153: metus, id. H. 11, 82; cf. formido, id. M. 2, 200: horror, id. H. 16, 67: terror, id. M. 3, 100: tremor, Verg. A. 2, 120: pallor, Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.
    Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, ψυχρῶς: quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat, Hor. A. P. 171.

gĕlĭde, adv., v. gelidus fin.

Gellĭus, a,

  1. I. name of a Roman gens; so the historians, Gelii, Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Leg. 1, 2, 6: L. Gellius, a friend of Cicero, id. ib. 1, 20, 53; id. Balb. 8, 19; 14, 33; and esp.: Aulus Gellius (on account of the abbreviation A. Gellius, formerly falsely called Agellius), a grammarian of the first half of the second century of the Christian era, author of the Noctes Atticae: vir elegantissimi eloquii et multae ac facundae scientiae (Gellius), Aug. Civ. Dei, 9, 4.
  2. II. Deriv.: Gellĭānus, i, m., a slave of one Gellius, Labeo ap. Gell. 13, 12, 4.

1. gĕlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [gelu].

  1. I. Act., to cause to freeze, to congeal.
    Pass.,     to be frozen, to freeze.
    1. A. In gen.: si gelent frigora, quarto die premendam (olivam), Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 21: fluvius, qui ferrum gelat, Mart. 1, 50, 12.
      Pass.: quae (alvearia fictilia) et accenduntur aestatis vaporibus et gelantur hiemis frigoribus (shortly before: nec hieme rigent, nec candent aestate), Col. 9, 6, 2.
      Esp. freq. in the part. perf.: amnes gelati lacusque, Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: lac, Col. poët. 10, 397: caseus, id. 7, 8, 7: manus Aquilone, Mart. 5, 9, 3.
    2. B. In partic., to freeze, chill, stiffen with fright, horror, etc.; in pass., to be frozen, chilled; to be numbed or stiff (cf.: gelu and gelidus): gelat ora pavor, Stat. Th. 4, 497: timent pavidoque gelantur Pectore, Juv. 6, 95: sic fata gelatis Vultibus, Stat. Th. 4, 404: gelato corde attonitus, Luc. 7, 339: gelati orbes (i. e. oculi emortui), id. 6, 541.
  2. II. Neutr., to freeze: pruinae perniciosior natura, quoniam lapsa persidet gelatque, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 222: venae, Stat. Th. 4, 727: vultus Perseos, i. e. to be petrified, Luc. 9, 681.
    Impers.: non ante demetuntur quam gelaverit, Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 39; Vulg. Sir. 43, 21.

2. Gĕlo or Gĕlon, ōnis, m., = Γέλων, king of Syracuse, son of Hiero II., Liv. 23, 30; 24, 5; Just. 23, 4; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 144.

Gĕlōn, ontis, m. [γελῶν, laughing], a fountain in Phrygia whose water caused laughter, Plin. 31, 2, 16, § 19.

Gĕlōni, ōrum, m., = Γελωνοί,

  1. I. a Scythian people, on the Borysthenes, in the modern Ukraine, Mel. 2, 1, 13; Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88; Verg. G. 2, 115; id. A. 8, 725; Hor. C. 2, 9, 23; 2, 20, 19; 3, 4, 35.
    In sing.: Gĕlō-nus, i, m., the Gelonian, collect., Verg. G. 3, 461.
  2. II. Deriv.: Gĕlōnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Geloni, Gelonian: canes, Grat. Cyneg. 195.

† gĕlōtŏphye, ēs, f., = γελωτοφυή, a plant, called also batrachion, App. Herb. 8.

† gĕlōtŏphyllis, ĭdis, f., = γελωτόφυλλις, a plant that causes laughter, probably a sort of crow-foot, Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 164.

Gĕlōus, a, um, v. Gela, II. A.

gĕlum, i, n., and gĕlus, ūs, m. (nom. gelu, n., Prisc. 658 P.; but only found in Liv. ap. Non. 207, 30, a corrupt passage; and freq. in Vulg., e. g. Dan. 3, 69; Zach. 14, 6: gelum, Lucr. 6, 877; Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 2; gen. geli, Lucr. 5, 205 al.; nom. gelus, Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 685 P.; cf. Non. 208, 1, Fragm Trag. v. 390 Rib.; Afran. ap. Non. 207, 32, Com. Fragm. v. 106 Rib.; Cato, R. R. 40, 4 al.; acc. gelum, m., Cat. Orig. 2, Fragm. 30; abl. gelu, m., Mela, 3, 5 ext.; Flor. 4, 12, 18; Plin. Pan. 12) [root γαλ-, to be bright; whence γελάω, to laugh (cf. κυμάτων γέλασμα, Aesch. Pr. 90); γάλα, milk; γαλήνη, calm; cf.: lac, glacies; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 172], icy coldness, frost, cold (cf.: pruina, glacies, rigor).

  1. I. In gen.: praeusti artus, nive rigentes nervi, membra torrida gelu, Liv. 21, 40, 9: nec ventus fraudi, solve geluve fuit, Ov. de Nuce, 106: et maris adstricto quae coit unda gelu, id. Tr. 2, 196: altitudo gelūs, Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 103: geluque Flumina constiterint acuto, Hor. C. 1, 9, 3: rura gelu tum claudit hiems, Verg. G. 2, 317: horrida cano Bruma gelu, id. ib. 3, 442; Stat. Th. 5, 392.
  2. II. In partic., coldness, chill produced by death, old age, fright, etc. (cf. gelidus, II.; poet.): pectora pigro Stricta gelu, Luc. 4, 653: sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus, Verg. A. 8, 508; Sen. Troad. 624.