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‡ glădĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [gladius], of or belonging to swords, sword-: negotiator, a sword-dealer, Inscr. Orell. 4247.
Subst.: ‡ gladiarius, ii, m., a sword-cutler, Inscr. Orell. 4197.

glădĭātor, ōris, m. [gladius; cf. digladior], a swordsman, fighter in the public games, a gladiator (cf.: lanista, mirmillo, secutor, retiarius, bestiarius, pugil, athleta).

  1. I. Lit.: athletae et gladiatores, Cic. Or. 68, 228: gladiatorum spectaculum, id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41: ut emat gladiatores, id. Sull. 19, 55: ut gladiatoribus imperari solet, id. Sest. 37, 80: nobiles, id. Phil. 3, 14, 35: tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito accepisti, id. ib. 2, 29, 74: quis tota Italia veneficus, quis gladiator, quis latro, quis sicarius, etc., id. Cat. 2, 4, 7.
    As a term of reproach: Gracchorum potentiam majorem fuisse arbitramini quam hujus gladiatoris (i. e. Antonii) futura sit? Cic. Phil. 5, 12, 32; 7, 6, 17; id. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146: vetus proverbium est, gladiatorem in arena capere consilium, Sen. Ep. 22, 1: (gladiatorum) emptio et venditio, an locatio et conductio, Gai. Inst. 3, 146.
    1. B. Transf., in plur., a combat of gladiators, gladiatorial exhibition: rumor venit datum iri gladiatores; populus convolat, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 32; Cic. Sest. 64, 133 and 135; Suet. Tit. 7: edere, id. Aug. 45; id. Dom. 4: edendis gladiatoribus praesedit, Tac. A. 1, 76: locum gladiatoribus dare, Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5; id. Phil. 9, 7, 16; abl. absol.: gladiatoribus, at a show of gladiators, id. ib. 2, 19, 3; cf.: ut Romam vitet gladiatoribus, Lucil. ap. Non. 165, 14; Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; cf.: gladiatores, quod spectaculum inter epulas erat, eo ornatu armarunt (Campani), etc., Liv. 9, 40, 17.
  2. * II. A swordcutler: carpentarii, scandularii, gladiatores, aquilices, tubarii, etc., Dig. 50, 6, 6.

glădĭātōrĭē, adv., v. gladiatorius fin.

glădĭātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [gladiator], of or belonging to gladiators, gladiatorial.

  1. I. Adj.: ludus, Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9: certamen, id. de Or. 2, 78, 317: familia, a band or troop of gladiators, id. Sest. 64, 134; Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 4; Sall. C. 30, 7: munus, Suet. Caes. 10; 39; id. Tib. 7; 37; 40; id. Calig. 18; 26 et saep.: consessus, spectators assembled at gladiatorial shows, Cic. Sest. 58, 124; cf. locus, a place for witnessing the same, id. Mur. 35, 73: gladiatoria corporis firmitas, id. Phil. 2, 25, 63: animus, i. e. desperate, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 71: ad munus gladiatorium edendum, Liv. 28, 21, 1: spectaculum, id. ib. § 2; Tac. A. 14, 17: Venus, i. e. clinopale, concubitus, App. M. 2, p. 121.
  2. II. Subst.: glădĭātōrĭum, ii, n. (sc. praemium, auctoramentum), the hire or pay of gladiators, for which freemen engaged as gladiators in the public games: gladiatorio accepto decem talentis, Liv. 44, 31 fin.
    Adv.:     glădĭātōrĭe, in the manner of a gladiator: quae gladiatorie, quae lenonice faceret, Lampr. Comm. 15, § 4.

glădĭātūra, ae, f. [gladius, gladiator], a fighting of gladiators, or their profession (post-Aug. and very rare): adduntur e servitiis gladiaturae destinati, Tac. A. 3, 43: ut requiem gladiaturae haberet, Schol. Juv. 6, 105; Firm. 5, 27.

glădĭŏlum, i, v. gladiolus, I.

glădĭŏlus, i, m. dim. [gladius].

  1. I. A small sword: lingulam veteres dixere gladiolum oblongum, in speciem linguae factum, Gell. 10, 25, 3: gladiolo solito cinctus, App. M. 2, p. 122; 3, p. 131.
    In plur. heterocl. glădĭŏla: nec gladiola (quisquam ferat), atqui Messala dixit, Quint. 1, 6, 42 (cf. gladius init.).
    1. B. Glădĭŏlus, i, title of a comedy by Livius Andronicus, Fest. s. v. pedibus, p. 210 b. Müll.
  2. II. The sword-lily, Plin. 21, 11, 38, § 65; 21, 17, 67, § 107 sq.; al. Pall. 1, 37.

glădĭum, ii, n., v. gladius init.

glădĭus, ĭi, m. (also archaic glă-dĭum, ii, n., Lucil. ap. Non. 208, 13; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 81 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 16; v. gladiola under gladiolus, I.) [perh. akin to clades, cardo; cf. κλαδάσαι, to brandish], a sword (syn. the poet. ensis, acc. to Quint. 10, 1, 11; cf. also: spatha, acinaces, sica, pugio).

  1. I. Lit.: arripuit gladium, Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 7; id. Cas. 2, 4, 28: eripite isti gladium, quae sui est impos animi, id. Cas. 3, 5, 9: succincti gladiis media regione cracentes, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 53 Müll. (Ann. v. 497 Vahl.): contecti gladiis, id. ap. Philarg. ad Verg. G. 4, 230 (Ann. v. 415 ib.): occursat ocius gladio comminusque rem gerit Varenus, Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 11: pila miserunt, celeriterque gladios strinxerunt, drew, id. B. C. 3, 93, 1: gladium stringere, Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 21; Verg. A. 12, 278: destringere, Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2; 7, 12 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 46, 1; 1, 47, 3; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; id. Cat. 3, 1, 2; Liv. 27, 13, 9 et saep.: educere, Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 8; Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3; Sall. C. 51, 36; cf.: educere e vagina, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14: nudare, Ov. F. 2, 693: recondere in vaginam, Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14; cf. condere, Quint. 8 praef. § 15: xiphion gladi praebet speciem, Plin. 25, 11, 89, § 138.
        1. b. Prov.
          1. (α) Suo sibi hunc gladio jugulo, fight him with his own weapons, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35; cf. the same, Cic. Caecin. 29, 82.
          2. (β) Cum illum (Clodium) plumbeo gladio jugulatum iri tamen diceret (Hortensius), i. e. with very little trouble, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 2.
          3. (γ) Ignem gladio scrutare, stir the fire with a sword (= πῦρ μαχαίρᾳ σκαλεύειν, Pythag. ap. Diog. Laert. 8, 17), Hor. S. 2, 3, 276.
          4. (δ) Gladium alicui dare qui se occidat, to give one the means of ruining himself, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Murder, death: cum tanta praesertim gladiorum sit impunitas, Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 10, 2, 1; Vell. 2, 3, 3; 2, 125, 2; gladiorum licentia, Cic. Fam. 4, 9 fin.; id. 2, 22, 2: qui universas provincias regunt, jus gladii habent, i. e. the power of life and death, Dig. 1, 18, 6, § 8: potestas gladii, ib. 2, 1, 3; Capitol. Gord. 9.
    2. B. A gladiatorial combat: qui cum maxime dubitat, utrum se ad gladium locet an ad cultrum, Sen. Ep. 87 med.: comparare homines ad gladium, Lact. 6, 12 fin.: servus ad gladium vel ad bestias vel in metallum damnatus, Dig. 29, 2, 25.
    3. C. Gladius vomeris, a ploughshare, Plin. 18, 18, 48, § 172.
    4. D. The sword-fish, also called xiphias (ξιφίας), Plin. 9, 2, 1, § 3; 9, 15, 21, § 54; 32, 11, 53, § 145.