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imprŏbābĭlis (inpr-), e, adj. [2. inprobabilis], not deserving of approbation, objectionable, exceptionable (not ante-Aug.; for in Cic. Ac. 2, 11, 33, the correct read. is probabilem; cf. Cic. Off. 2, 2): rationes, Cels. praef. med.: motus animi, Sen. Ep. 75 med.: factum per se improbabile, Quint. 7, 4, 7: argumentum, Plin. 4, 13, 27, § 93: non improbabilis mos, Dig. 50, 14, 3.
Adv.: imprŏbābĭlĭter, objectionably: objecta non improbabiliter, Sid. Ep. 1, 11 med.

imprŏbātĭo (inpr-), ōnis, f. [improbo], disapprobation, blame (very rare): haec et ad improbationem et approbationem testium pertinebunt, Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172: accusatoris erit, improbatione hominis uti, id. Inv. 2, 10, 32.

imprŏbātor (inpr-), ōris, m. [improbo], a disapprover, condemner (post-class.): malorum, bonorum probator, App. de Deo Socr. p. 51: malorum, Tert. Patient. 5.

imprŏbē (inpr-), adv., v. improbus fin.

imprŏbĭtas (inpr-), ātis, f. [improbus],

  1. I. badness, wickedness, depravity, dishonesty, improbity (freq. and class.): cum te alicujus improbitas perversitasque commoverit, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 13, 38: amicorum neglectio improbitatem coarguit, id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Att. 1, 16, 7: in hac causa improbitatem et gratiam cum inopia et veritate contendere, id. Quint. 27, 84; id. Brut. 62, 224: cum me improbitatis patrocinium suscipere vultis, id. Rep. 3, 5: judici invisa est, Quint. 6, 4, 15: cordis humani, Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 87; Ov. A. A. 1, 676: prodiga corruptoris, Juv. 10, 305: illo admirabilis aevo, i. e. rare, id. 13, 53.
  2. II. Transf., of bad, troublesome animals, impudence, boldness, audacity: simiae Dodoneae, Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69: muscae, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 28: alitum semina depascentium, id. 19, 6, 34, § 116.

imprŏbĭter (inpr-), adv., v. improbus fin.

imprŏbĭto (inpr-), āvi, 1, v. freq. a. [improbo], to disapprove strongly, condemn: illud inhumaniter scriptum, Gell. 20, 1, 11.

imprŏbo (inpr-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [2. in-probo], to disapprove, blame, condemn, reject (class.; syn.: culpo, vitupero, criminor, etc.): multi, qui domi aetatem agerent, propterea sunt improbati, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6 (Trag. v. 296 Vahl.): hoc negas te. posse nec approbare nec improbare, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96: haec improbantur a Peripateticis, a Stoicis defenduntur, id. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Ac. 2, 30, 95: ego ista studia non improbo, moderata modo sint, id. de Or. 2, 37, 156: improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, id. Off. 1, 42, 150: Curio utrumque improbans consilium, Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 1: per improbaturum haec Jovem, Hor. Epod. 5, 8: judicium, to reject, rescind, make void, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68: ego frumentum neque attigi neque aspexi: mancipibus potestatem probandi improbandique permisi, of rejecting as unsuitable or insufficient, id. ib. 2, 3, 76, § 175; 2, 2, 74, § 172: ut aut ne cogeret munire aut id, quod munitum esset, ne improbaret, id. Font. 4, 7: Vergilius terram, quae filicem ferat, non inprobat vitibus, Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 29: dibapha Tyria P. Lentulus primus in praetexta usus improbabatur, was censured, Nep. ap. Plin. 9, 39, 63, § 137: (Nymphae) ad numerum motis pedibus duxere choreas. Improbat has pastor, saltuque imitatus agresti, etc., derides, Ov. M. 14, 521.
Esp. in law, to overrule an opinion or judgment: sententiam, Gai. Inst. 2, 51; 3, 71 al.
Absol.: qui si improbasset, cur ferri passus esset? sin probasset, cur, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 32, 3: inde invident humiliores, rident superiores, improbant boni, Quint. 11, 1, 17; 1, 3, 14.

* imprŏbŭlus (inpr-), a, um, adj. dim. [improbus], somewhat wicked, Juv. 5, 73.

imprŏbus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare; mostly post-Aug.): merces, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43: opera araneorum et textura inproba, id. Stich. 2, 2, 24: panis, Mart. 10, 5, 5: improbiores postes, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139: tua sum opera et propter te inprobior, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.
    2. B. Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive: genua, Col. 6, 1, 3: arva, Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22): Chilones a labris improbioribus, Charis. p. 78 P.: mons, Verg. A. 12, 687: tegmina plantae, Val. Fl. 6, 702: improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora, Mart. 12, 18, 13: villus barbarum in capris, Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73: reptatus (vitium), id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838: imber improbior, Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).
  2. II. Transf., of mind and character.
    1. A. Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.: pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus, Verg. G. 1, 146: tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce, id. ib. 1, 388: quatit improbus hastam, id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.
    2. B. Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).
      1. 1. Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.: qui improbi essent et scelesti, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137: nequam et improbus, Cic. Deiot. 7, 21: illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi, id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.): populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare, Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202: longe post natos homines improbisssimus, id. Brut. 62, 224: cum in me tam improbus fuit, id. Att. 9, 15, 5: ab ingenio est improbus, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59: ut alias res est impense improbus, id. Ep. 4, 1, 39: negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63: anus, id. S. 2, 5, 84: cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus, Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21: (anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet, voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431: lupus, id. A. 9, 62: Jovis ales, id. ib. 12, 250: annis, by his youth, Juv. 3, 282: Fortuna arridens infantibus, mischievous, id. 6, 605.
        Comp.: inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo, Juv. 4, 106.
          1. * (β) With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. 7, 300.
      2. 2. Of inanim. and abstr. things: improbo Iracundior Hadria, Hor. C. 3, 9, 22: lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor, Verg. A. 10, 727: perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere, shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.: oris improbi homo, Suet. Gramm. 15: divitiae, Hor. C. 3, 24, 62: improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato, Mart. 8, 24, 2: satureia, exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4: ingenio improbo, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16: facta, id. Truc. 2, 7, 4: dicta, licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686: verba, id. A. A. 3, 796; cf. carmina, id. Tr. 2, 441: legis improbissimae poena, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2: testamentum, illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107: mala et improba defensio, id. ib. 2, 2, 41, § 101: amor, Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.: improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes, Quint. 12, 1, 13: improba ventris rabies, Verg. A. 2, 356: quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.: improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna, Juv. 13, 3.
        Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).
      1. 1. Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare): ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet, Marc. Emp. 31 med.: de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato, i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23: Chilones improbius labrati, Charis. p. 78 P.
      2. 2. (Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly: multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104: facere aliquid, Quint. 1, 3, 13: quibus improbe datum est, Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79: quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur? id. Sull. 10, 30: praeda improbe parta, id. Fin. 1, 16, 51: aliquid petere, Quint. 6, 3, 95: non improbe litigabunt, id. 12, 7, 5: ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt, incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1; so with indocte, id. 15, 9, 4.
        Comp.: estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140: decerpere oscula, Cat. 68, 126.
        Sup.: quas (res) improbissime fecit, Cic. Caecin. 9, 23: respondere, id. Pis. 6, 13.

imprōcērus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-procerus], not tall, undersized (postAug.): corpora, Gell. 4, 19, 1: pecora, Tac. G. 5, 2.

* imprōcrĕābĭlis (inpr-), e, adj. [2. in-procreabilis], that cannot be procreated: materia, App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 3.

imprōdictus, a, um, adj. [2. in-prodictus], not postponed: ne improdicta die quis accusetur, Cic. Dom. 17, 45.

imprŏfessus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-professus].

  1. I. M i d., that has not professed or declared himself (post-Aug.): deferebantur, qui vel improfessi Judaicam intra Urbem viverent vitam, Suet. Dom. 12: servus, Dig. 34, 4, 16.
  2. * II. Pass., that is not professed or declared, Quint. Decl. 341 in lemm.

‡ imprōles est qui nondum vir est, Mar. Victor. p. 2465 P.; cf. improles, ἄγονος, ἄτεκνος, Gloss.

‡ imprōlus vel imprōlis, qui nondum esset ascriptus in civitate, Paul. ex Fest. p. 108 Müll.

imprōmiscŭs (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2 in-promiscus], unmixed, unmingled (postclass.): suavitas, Gell. 12, 4, 3: verbum neque numeris neque generibus praeserviens, sed liberum undique et impromiscum, id. 1, 7, 6.

impromptus (inpr-), a, um. adj. [2. in-promptus], not ready, not quick (rare): infacundior et lingua impromptus, Liv. 7, 4, 5: imprompto jam Arminio ob continua pericla, Tac. A. 2, 21: sermone impromptus Latio, Aus. Idyll. 2, 9.

imprŏpĕ (inpr-), adv. [in-prope], near (post-class.): imprope est caelo, Tert. Exhort. ad Cast. 10.

imprŏpĕranter (inpr-), adv. [2. inproperanter], gradually, by degrees (postclass.), Aus. Epit. 35, 3.

* imprŏpĕrātus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-properatus], not hastened, not hasty, lingering: vestigia, Verg. A. 9, 798.

imprŏpĕrĭum (inpr-), ĭi, n. [2. impropero], a reproach, taunt (eccl. Lat.), Lact. 4, 18, 32; Vulg. Rom. 15, 3 al.; cf. improperium ὀνείδισις, Gloss. Philox.

* 1. imprŏpĕro (inpr-), āre, v. n. [in-propero], to hasten into, enter hastily: quo si quis improperet, Varr. ap. Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 91.

2. imprŏpĕro (inpr-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [corrupt. for improbro; from in-probrum], to cast as a reproach upon one, to reproach, taunt, upbraid (post-Aug., and very rare): impropero ὀνειδιζω, Gloss. Philox.: non impropero illi, Petr. 38: improperia improperantium, Vulg. Rom. 15, 3: latrones improperabant ei, id. Matt. 27, 44.

* imprŏpĕrus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-properus], not hasting, slow: sorores, Sil. 3, 96.

imprō̆prĭē (inpr-), adv., v. improprius fin.

imprō̆prĭĕtas (inpr-), ātis, f. [improprius], impropriety, improper use (postAug.): verbi, Gell. 1, 22, 21.

imprō̆prĭus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-proprius], not befitting a thing, unsuitable, improper (post-Aug.): nec improprium nec inusitatum nomen, Quint. 8, 4, 16; cf. cognomen, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 116: verba, Quint. 8, 3, 57: tropus maxime improprius, id. 8, 6, 37.
Neutr. as subst.: impropri-um, i, something improper, impropriety, faultiness: ei (proprietati) contrarium est vitium; id apud nos improprium, ἄκυρον apud Graecos vocatur, quale est: Tantum sperare dolorem, Quint. 8, 2, 3: sciam us, nihil ornatum esse, quod sit improprium, id. 8, 3, 15; 1, 5, 46.
In plur., Quint. 1, 8, 13; 2, 5, 10; 10, 3, 20; 12, 10, 42.
Adv.: im-propriē, improperly, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29; Gell. 6, 6, 2; 17, 1, 1.

imprōpugnātus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-propugnatus], not defended, undefended: civitas, Amm. 29, 6; 26, 5; 12; Gell. 1, 6, 4.

improspectus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-prospectus], not seen from afar, unseen: Aetna, Auct. Carm. Aetn. 339.
Adv.: improspectē, improvidently: Jephte improspecte voverat, Hier. adv. Jovin. 1, 23: satis, Tert. Anim. 24.

improsper (inpr-), spĕra, ĕrum, adj. [2. in-prosper], unfortunate, unprosperous (post-Aug.): fortuna, Tac. A. 3, 24: moles insidiarum, id. ib. 14, 65: multa claritudine generis sed improspera, id. ib. 4, 44.
Adv.: improspĕrē, unfortunately: cessit, Col. 1, 1, 16; Tac. A. 1, 8; Gell. 9, 9, 12.

‡ improspĭcŭus ἀπερίβλεπτος, Gloss. Graec. Lat.

imprōtectus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-protectus], uncovered, undefended, unprotected (post-class.): ne improtectum Mesopotamiae relinqueret latus, Amm. 21, 13; 31, 13: imparatus improtectusque, Gell. 13, 27 fin.; 7, 3, 44.

imprōvĭdē (inpr-), adv., v. improvidus fin.

imprōvĭdentĭa (inpr-), ae, f. [improvidus], want of foresight, improvidence (post-class.): improvidentia sententias vertere, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 23.

imprōvĭdus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-providus], not foreseeing, not anticipating, improvident (class.; syn.: incautus, imprudens, inconsultus).

        1. (α) Absol.: duces, Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2: senes, id. Lael. 26, 100: improvidos incautosque hostes opprimere, Liv. 22, 19, 6; Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: hominum mentes occupare, id. Lig. 6, 17: pectora, Verg. A. 2, 200: adulescens improvida aetate, Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62 fin.: aetas puerorum, Lucr. 1, 939; 4, 14: tela, quae et ipsa caeca et improvida feruntur, aimless, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 5: festinatio inprovida est et caeca, Liv. 22, 39, 22.
        2. (β) With gen.: futuri certaminis Romanus veniebat, Liv. 26, 39, 7: rudis et improvida hujus mali civitas, Plin. 36, 3, 3, § 7: (Vitellius) ignarus militiae, improvidus consilii, Tac. H. 3, 56.
        3. * (γ) With inf.: hasta improvida servasse spatium campi distantis, Sil. 4, 286.
          Adv.: imprōvĭdē, improvidently: se in praeceps dare, Liv. 27, 27, 11; Col. 6, 17, 35.

imprōvīsē and imprōvīso (inpr-), advv., v. improvisus fin.

imprōvīsus (inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-provisus],

  1. I. not foreseen, unforeseen, unexpected (class.): sapienti nihil improvisum accidere potest, nihil inopinatum, nihil omnino novum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 37; id. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69; id. de Or. 1, 22, 103: unde iste amor tam improvisus ac tam repentinus? id. Agr. 2, 22, 60: cum tot bella subito atque improvisa nascantur, id. Font. 15, 32: mala, id. Tusc. 3, 14, 30: improvisior pestis, Tac. A. 2, 47: castella munita improviso adventu capta, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3: pericula, id. Mur. 27, 55: vis leti, Hor. C. 2, 13, 19: species, id. Ep. 1, 6, 11: pelagoque remenso Improvisi aderunt, Verg. A. 2, 182: cunctisque repente Improvisus ait, id. ib. 1, 595.
  2. II. As subst.: imprōvīsum, i, n., that which is unforeseen, an emergency: dux sibi delectos retinuerat ad improvisa, Tac. H. 5, 16.
    Mostly in abl., with de, adverbially, unexpectedly, suddenly: quasi de improviso respice ad eum, Ter. And. 2, 5, 6; cf. Trabea ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf. also Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 3: de improviso, Ter. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; 4, 4, 1; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 44; Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 1; 5, 22, 1; 5, 39, 1; 6, 3, 1 et saep.
    Less freq. with ex: ex improviso filiam inveni meam, Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 112.
    Hence, adv., in two forms, imprōvīso (class.) and imprōvīsē (post-class.), on a sudden, unexpectedly: improviso filiam inveni (for which, shortly before: ex improviso filiam inveni), Plaut. Rud. 4, 5, 6: sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182: improviso eos in castra irrupisse, id. Div. 1, 24, 50: tantum adest boni improviso, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 44: cum mihi nihil improviso evenisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Att. 15, 1, A, 1: scalae improviso, subitusque apparuit ignis, Verg. A. 12, 576; 8, 524: improvise necans incautos morte suprema, Tert. poët. adv. Marc. 2, 12.