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1. parma (or in the collat. form pal-ma, Tib. 1, 9, 82; and so many MSS. in Prop. 2, 19, 44 (3, 20, 8); 4 (5), 10, 40; Liv. 22, 1, 9), ae (old gen. parmaï, Lucr. 4, 847), f., = πάρμη, a small, round shield, a target, carried by the light infantry and the cavalry.
- I. Lit.: configunt parmam, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 432 Vahl.); Varr. ap. Non. 552, 30: desiliunt ex equis, provolant in primum agmen et pro antesignanis parmas obiciunt, Liv. 2, 20; 2, 6, 9; 31, 35 fin.: hic miles (veles) tripedalem parmam habet, id. 38, 21 fin.; 26, 4; Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 554, 23: picta fulgebat, Prop. 4, 10, 21.
- II. Transf.
- A. In gen., a shield (poet.): (Pallas) parmamque ferens hastamque trementem, Verg. A. 2, 175; 11, 693; Mart. 9, 21, 10.
- B. A gladiator armed with a parma, a Threx (v. Threx) (poet.), Mart. 9, 69, 8.
- C. The valve in a pair of bellows, Aus. Idyll. 10, 267.
2. Parma, ae, f.,
- I. the city of Parma, in Gallia Cispadana, between Cremona and Placentia, famed for its breed of sheep, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 115; Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2; 10, 33, 4; Liv. 39, 55: velleribus primis Apulia, Parma secundis Nobilis, Mart. 14, 155, 1; cf. id. 2, 43, 4; 5, 13, 8.
Hence,
- II. Par-mensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Parma, Parman: Cassī Parmensis opuscula, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 3.
In plur.: Parmenses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Parma, the Parmans, Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 8; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, a.
parmātus, a, um, adj. [1. parma], armed with the parma: cohors, Liv. 4, 38, 3: ut parmatis, novae cohorti hostium, locus detur, id. 4, 39, 1.