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paenĭtĕo (less correctly poen-), ui, no sup., ēre, 2, v. a. and impers. [root in poena, q. v.; Gr. ποινή].

  1. I. Pers.
    1. A. Act., to cause to repent, to displease (anteclass. and late Lat.): et me quidem haec conditio nunc non paenitet, causes me no regret, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 50: quod male emptum est semper paenitet, Cat. ap. Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 26: paenitemini et credite Evangelio, repent, Vulg. Marc. 1, 15; id. Act. 3, 19.
    2. B. Neutr., to repent, be sorry: momenta certaminum assuefaciebant militem minus jam tandem aut virtutis aut fortunae paenitere suae, Liv. 22, 12, 10: etiam nunc paenitere suā sponte Aequos quam pati hostilia malle, id. 3, 2, 4: Athenienses primi paenitere coeperunt, Just. 11, 3, 3: paenituit populus, Vulg. Ecclus. 48, 16: non vult paenitere, id. Apoc. 2, 21.
      Esp., in part. pres.: Lepidus paenitens consili, Sall. H. 1, 49 Dietsch: paenitens facti, Suet. Vit. 15; cf. id. Claud. 43 init.; cf. II. A. ε and ι infra.
  2. II. Impers.
    1. A. It repents one, etc., i. e. I, you, etc., repent; I, etc., repent, am sorry, grieve, rue, etc.
          1. (α) Aliquem alicujus rei: non paenitere me consilii de tuā mansione, Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8: quem … in eam diem vitae non paenituerat, Just. 13, 1, 5: neque te, neque quenquam arbitror tuae paeniturum laudis, App. ap. Non. 158, 5: galeatum sero duelli paenitet, Juv. 1, 170.
          2. (β) Alicujus rei alone: bonae mentis paenituisset, Sen. Q. N 4, praef. 7: paenitebatque modo consilii, modo paenitentiae ipsius, Curt. 10, 7, 12.
          3. (γ) Aliquem alone: si eos quidem non paeniteret, Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2.
          4. (δ) With acc. of person, foll. by inf.: efficiunt ut me non didicisse minus paeniteat, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 77.
            (ε) With neutr. pron. as subj. (cf. I. B. supra; Zumpt, Gr. § 442, explains the pron. in these passages as acc., but v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 876): sapientis est nihil, quod paenitere possit, facere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81: sequitur ut nihil paeniteat, id. ib. 5, 18, 53: quaeri oportet utrum id facinus sit, quod paenitere fuerit necesse, id. Inv. 2, 13, 43.
            (ζ) Foll. by rel. adverb. clause: etsi solet eum, cum aliquid fecit, paenitere, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1.
            (η) With quod: valde ego ipsi, quod de suā sententiā decesserit, paenitendum puto, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 6: paenitet quod non ab adultero coepi, Quint. Decl. 335.
            (θ) With dat. of agent: consilii nostri … nobis paenitendum, Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2.
            (ι) Absol.: tanta vis fuit paenitendi, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 79: corrigere errorem paenitendo, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 6, 24: Sallustius usque eo processit, ut non paeniturum pro non acturo paenitentiam dixerit, Quint. 9, 3, 12: paenitet et torqueor, Ov. P. 1, 2, 60; Prud. Cath. 2, 26.
    2. B. It discontents or displeases one, i. e. one is vexed, angry, offended, dissatisfied (class.; cf. taedet).
          1. (α) Aliquem alicujus rei: ut me imperii nostri paeniteret, Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16: num hujusce te gloriae paenitebat? id. Phil. 1, 13, 33; cf. id. Rep. 3, 35, 47: num igitur, si ad centesimum annum vixisset, senectutis suae eum paeniteret? id. Sen. 6, 19: paenitere se virium suarum, Liv. 8, 23: paenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrae, Juv. 7, 203.
          2. (β) With quod and subj.: se paenitere, quod animum tuum offenderit, Cic. Att. 11, 13, 2.
    3. C. It concerns, is a care to, makes anxious, dissatisfies; and with negative, it is enough, satisfies (mostly anteclass.): an paenitet te, quanto hic fuerit usui? are you not satisfied? Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 71: paenitetne te, quot ancillas alam? id. Truc. 2, 6, 52: duas dabo, una si parum’st; et si duarum paenitebit, addentur duae, are not enough, not satisfactory, id. Stich. 4, 1, 34: an paenitebat flagitii te auctore quod fecisset Adulescens? was it not enough? Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 12; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 20; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 20: an paenitet vos, quod salvum atque incolumem exercitum traduxerim? Caes. B. C. 2, 32: quod a senatu quanti fiam minime me paenitet, Cic. Att. 1, 20, 2; cf.: tam diu velle debebis (discere), quoad te quantum proficias non paenitebit, id. Off. 1, 1, 2.
      Hence,
    1. A. paenĭtens, entis, P. a., repenting, repentant, penitent.
          1. (α) Absol.: optimus est portus paenitenti mutatio consilii, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 7.
          2. (β) With gen.: Lepidum paenitentem consilii, Sall. ap. Charis. p. 224 P.
          3. (γ) With de: signa paenitentis de matrimonio dederat, Suet. Claud. 43.
            Hence, adv.: paenĭtenter, with regret, repentantly (late Lat.): auguria paenitenter omissa, Min. Fel. Oct. 26.
    2. B. paenĭ-tendus, a, um, to be repented of, blamable, objectionable (perh. not ante-Aug.).
      1. 1. Affirmatively: itaque hic ager sive exercetur, seu cessat, colono est paenitendus, Col. 3, 2: paenitendae rei recordatio, Sen. Brev. Vit. 10, 2.
      2. 2. With a negative: sub haud paenitendo magistro, Liv. 1, 35, 5; 25, 6, 10; 40, 6, 3: dicta non paenitenda, Gell. 1, 3, 2: gens Flavia reipublicae non paenitenda, Suet. Vesp. 1.

Pennīnus (Penīnus or Poenī-nus; the latter orthog. on account of the false derivation from Poeni, because Hannibal marched over this mountain to Italy, Liv. 21, 38, 6 sqq.; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 123), a, um, adj. [from the Celtic Pen or Penn, summit, peak], of or belonging to the Pennine Alps (between the Valais and Upper Italy, the highest point of which is the Great St. Bernard), Pennine: Alpes, Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 123; Tac. H. 1, 87; called also, juga, id. ib. 1, 61: mons, i. e. the Great St. Bernard, Sen. Ep. 31, 9; also, absol.: Penninus, Liv. 5, 35; 21, 38: iter, over the Great St. Bernard, Tac. H. 1, 70: VALLIS POENIN, the Valais, Inscr. Grut. 376, 6: DEO PENINO D. D., the local deity of the Pennine Alps, Inscr. Spon. Misc. Ant. p. 85, n. 30; called also, IVPPITER POENINVS, and simply, POENINVS, Inscr. Orell. 228 sq.

1. Phoenīcē, ēs (Phoenīca, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56, v. Madv. ad loc.; Poenīcē, Vulg. 2 Macc. 4, 22 al.), f., = Φοινίκη, Phœnicia, a country of Syria, especially celebrated for the purple which came from there; its principal cities were Tyre and Sidon, Mel. 1, 12; Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 66; 5, 19, 17, § 75; 36, 26, 65, § 190; Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66; id. Phil. 11, 13, 35; id. Fin. 4, 20, 56.
Called also Phoenīcĭa, ae, f., Mart. Cap. 6, §§ 678, 680; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 446; 3, 88.

    1. 2. A small island in the Ægean Sea, otherwise called Ios, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 69.
    2. 3. A town of Epirus, Liv. 29, 12.
    3. 4. Vid. phoenicea.
      Hence,
  1. A. Phoenīces, um, m., the Phœnicians, celebrated as the earliest navigators and as founders of many colonies, especially of Carthage, Mel. 1, 12; Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67; Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 106; Luc. 3, 220; Tac. A. 11, 14.
    In sing.: Phoenix, a Phœnician, Cadmus, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197.
    1. 2. Transf., the Carthaginians, Sil. 13, 730; in sing., a Carthaginian, id. 16, 25.
      Adj., Phœnician: elate, Plin. 29, 3, 13, § 56.
  2. B. phoenī-cĕus (poenī-, foenī-), a, um, adj., = φοινίκεος, purple-red: aut phoeniceum florem habet aut purpureum, aut lacteum, Plin. 21, 23, 94, § 164; cf. Gell. 2, 26, 9: poeniceas vestes, Ov. M. 12, 104: poeniceum corium, i. e. made purple-red with blows, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 92.
  3. C. Phoenīcĭus, a, um, adj., Phœnician: mare, Plin. 5, 12, 13, § 67.
  4. D. Phoenissus, a, um, adj., Phœnician: Dido, Verg. A. 1, 670: exsul, i. e. Anna, Ov. F. 3, 595: Tyros, id. M. 15, 288.
    As subst.: Phoenissa, ae, f.: Dido, Verg. A. 1, 714.
    Plur.: Phoenissae, the Phœnician women, the name of a tragedy by Euripides; also of one by Seneca.
    1. 2. Transf.
      1. a. Theban, because Cadmus was a Phœnician: cohors, Stat. Theb. 9, 527.
      2. b. Carthaginian: classis, Sil. 7, 409: juventa, id. 17, 632.
        In neutr. plur.: Phoenissa agmina, Sil. 17, 174.
        Subst.: Phoenissa, ae, f., Carthage, Sil. 6, 312.
  5. E. Phoenīcĭas, ae, m., the south-south-east wind, Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 120.

Poeni, ōrum, m., the Phœnicians, i. e. the Carthaginians (descended from the Phœnicians): Poeni stipendia pendunt, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll. (Ann. v. 269 Vahl.); id. ap. Fest. p. 249 ib. (Ann. v. 278 Vahl.); Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9: Poeni foedifragi, id. Off. 1, 12, 38: Poenorum crudelitas, id. N. D. 3, 32, 80: ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda, Verg. A. 1, 302.
Gen. plur.: Poenūm, Sil. 7, 714; 17, 311.
In sing.: Poenus, i, m., a Carthaginian: Poenus plane est, he is a true Carthaginian, i. e. full of cunning, trickish, Plaut. Poen. prol. 113.
Pregn., for Hannibal, Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 77.
Collectively: si uterque Poenus Serviat uni, i.e. Carthaginians in Africa and Spain, Hor. C. 2, 2, 11.
Hence,

  1. A. Poenus, a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian (poet.): leones, Verg. E. 5, 27: columnae, Prop. 2, 23 (3, 29), 3: sermo, Stat. S. 4, 5, 45: vis saeva, Sil. 6, 338: miles, Juv. 10, 155.
    Comp.: est nullus me hodie Poenus Poenior, better versed in the Carthaginian tongue, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 31.
  2. B. Pūnĭ-cus (Poen-), a, um, adj., Punic, Carthaginian (the classical form): CLASEIS. POENICAS OM(nes devicit), Inscr. Column. Rostr.: regna, Verg. A. 1, 338: lingua, Plin. 4, 22, 36, § 120: litterae, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103: laterna, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 30: bellum primum, secundum, tertium, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; id. Brut. 14, 57; id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73: fides, i. e. bad faith, perfidy, treachery (because the Romans considered the Carthaginians perfidious), Sall. J. 108, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 4 fin.; 42, 47; Flor. 2, 2, 6 and 17; Val. Max. 7, 4, ext. 4; so, ars, Liv. 25, 39: Punicum malum, or simply Punicum, i, n., a pomegranate, Plin. 13, 19, 34, § 112; 15, 11, 11, § 39; 15, 28, 34, § 112 et saep.: arbos, i. e. a pomegranate-tree, Col. poët. 10, 243: cera, exceedingly white, Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 83.
    1. 2. Poet., transf., of the Phœnician color, purple color, purple-red: punicarum rostra columbarum, Prop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 32: rostra psittaci, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 22: punico Lugubre mutavit sagum, Hor Epod. 9, 27.
      Hence, adv.: Pūnĭcē (Poen-), in the Punic or Carthaginian manner or language: adibo hosce atque appellabo Punice, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 22: loqui, in Punic, id. ib. 5, 2, 23: salutare, id. ib. 5, 2, 40.

Poenĭcē, adv., v. Poeni, B. fin.

Poenīcĕus, a, um, v. Phoeniceus.

Poenĭcus, a, um, v. Poeni, B.

Poenīnus, a, um, v. Penninus.

poenĭo, īre, v. punio init.

poenĭtens, entis, Part. and P. a., from poeniteo.

poenĭtenter, adv., v. poeniteo, P. a. A. fin.

poenĭtentĭa, v. paenitentia.

poenĭtĕo, v. paeniteo.

poenītĭo, ōnis, v. punitio.

poenĭtūdo, v. paenitudo.

pūnĭo or (in archaic form) poenĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4 (sync. imp. poenibat, Lucr. 6, 1238), v. a., and pūnĭor (poen-), ītus, 4, v. dep. a. [poena].

  1. I. To inflict punishment upon, to punish (syn.: castigo, animadverto, plecto, multo).
          1. (α) In act. form: peccata punimus, Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66: punire sontes, id. Off. 1, 24, 82: Philemonem morte puniit, Suet. Caes. 74: alio punito, id. Calig. 30: lex omnis aut punit aut jubet, etc., Quint. 7, 5, 5; cf. id. 7, 1, 48.
            Pass.: tergo ac capite puniri, Liv. 3, 55 fin.; Ov. M. 9, 778.
          2. (β) In dep. form: qui punitur aliquem, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: inimicos puniuntur, id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107: hominum necem, id. Phil. 8, 2, 7: crudelius poeniri quam erat humanitatis meae postulare, id. Mil. 13, 33; id. Inv. 2, 27, 80; 2, 28, 83; Quint. 9, 3, 6; Gell. 20, 1, 7: punita sum funestum praedonem, App. M. 8, p. 207, 17.
          3. (γ) In indeterm. form: ipse se puniens, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 65: prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo, id. Off. 1, 25, 89 fin.
  2. II. To take vengeance for, to avenge, revenge, = ulcisci (rare): Graeciae fana punire, Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 15: iracundia est cupiditas puniendi doloris, id. de Or. 1, 51, 220: meam domum a judicibus puniendam putavit, Cic. Har. Resp. 8, 16.
    Dep.: ut clarissimorum omnium crudelissimam puniretur necem, Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 7.