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praetor, ōris, m. [for praeitor, from praeeo].

  1. I. Prop., a leader, head, chief, president: regio imperio duo sunto: iique praeeundo, judicando, consulendo, praetores, judices, consules appellantor, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8.
    So, in gen., of the chief magistrates in colonies, as in Capua: cum in ceteris coloniis duoviri appellentur, hi se praetores appellari volebant, Cic. Agr. 2, 34, 93; cf. the context.
    Of the Roman consul as chief judge, Liv. 3, 55.
    Of the dictator: praetor maximus, Liv. 7, 3: aerarii, president of the treasury, an office created by Augustus, Tac. A. 1, 75; id. H. 4, 9.
    Of the suffetes in Carthage, Nep. Hann. 7, 4.
    Of generals, commanders of foreign nations, Cic. Div. 1, 54, 123; id. Inv. 1, 33, 55; Nep. Milt. 4, 4 et saep.
  2. II. In partic., a prœtor, a Roman magistrate charged with the administration of justice; the office was first made distinct from the consulship A. U. C. 387. After the first Punic war, A. U. C. 490, there were two, praetor urbanus for Roman citizens, and praetor peregrinus for strangers, Cic. Lael. 25, 96; id. Mur. 20, 41: praetor primus centuriis cunctis renunciatus, i. e. appointed first, id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Pis. 1, 2; Gai. lnst. 1, 6; 1, 78. The praetor had a tribunal where he sat on the sella curulis, with the judges on subsellia beside him. But he used to decide less important controversies wherever the parties found him: e plano, Suet. Tib. 33: in aequo quidem et plano loco, Cic. Caecin. 17, 50: Quid vis in jus me ire? tu’s praetor mihi, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 66.
      1. 2. Transf.
          1. (α) For propraetor, a proprœtor, an officer who, after the administration of the prœtorship, was sent as governor to a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27; 2, 4, 25, § 56 al.
          2. (β) For proconsul, q. v., Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125.

1. praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetorium], of or belonging to the body-guard, prœtorian (post-Aug.): praetorianus miles, a soldier of the imperial body-guard, a prœtorian, Tac. H. 2, 44: pars praetoriani equitis, id. A. 1, 24: milites, Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 181: cohortes, id. 9, 6, 5, § 15: exercitus, Suet. Vesp. 6: praefectura, i. e. praefecti praetorio, Aur. Vict. Epit. 10.
Plur. as subst.: praetōrĭāni, ōrum, the prœtorians, the prœtorian guards, Tac. H. 1, 74; id. A. 6, 3.

2. praetōrĭānus, a, um, adj. [praetor], of or belonging to the prœtor, prœtorian (post-class.): tutor, Ulp. Reg. tit. 12: pretia, money earned by the prœtor’s administration of justice, Aug. Conf. 6, 10.

praetōrīcĭus or -tĭus, a, um, adj. [praetor],

  1. I. prœtorian (post-Aug.): praetoricia corona, received at the public games from the prœtor, Mart. 8, 33, 1.
  2. II. Subst., one who has been prœtor, an ex-prœtor, Inscr. Grut. 398, 1.

praetōrĭŏlum, i, n. dim. [praetorium], a small country-seat (post-class.), Inscr. Mus. di Mantova, p. 23; Vulg. Ezech. 27, 6.

praetōrĭum, ii, n. [praetor].

  1. I. A general’s tent, Liv. 10, 33: dictatoris, id. 7, 12: imperatoris Aequorum, id. 3, 25; Caes. B. C. 1, 76.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. A council of war (because held in the general’s tent): praetorio dimisso, Liv. 30, 5; 37, 5: missum, id. 21, 54, 3.
      2. 2. The official residence of the governor in a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 65: curritur ad praetorium, id. ib. 2, 5, 35, § 92; Vulg. Matt. 27, 27.
      3. 3. A palace (post-Aug.): sedet ad praetoria regis, Juv. 10, 161: Herodis, Vulg. Act. 23, 35; id. Phil. 1, 13.
      4. 4. In gen., a magnificent building, a splendid country-seat (post-Aug.): ampla et operosa praetoria, Suet. Aug. 72: in exstructionibus praetoriorum atque villarum, id. Calig. 37; id. Tib. 39: alternas servant praetoria ripas, Stat. S. 1, 3, 25; Juv. 1, 75; Dig. 31, 1, 35; 50, 16, 198.
      5. 5. Of other dwelling-places, the cell of the queen-bee: et circa regem atque ipsa ad praetoria, densae Miscentur, Verg. G. 4, 75.
        Of Diogenes’s tub: utcumque sol se inclinaverat, Diogenis simul praetorium vertebatur, Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 14.
  2. II. The imperial body-guard, the guards, whose commander was called praefectus praetorio or praetorii: in praetorium accepti, Tac. H. 4, 26 fin.: meruit in praetorio Augusti centurio, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 82: militare in praetorio, id. 25, 2, 6, § 17: ascriptis veteranis e praetorio, Suet. Ner. 9: praetorii praefectus, Tac. H. 1, 19.

praetōrĭus, a, um, adj. [praetor].

  1. I. Of or belonging to the prœtor or prœtors, prœtorian: jus, proceeding from the prœtor, consisting of his decisions, Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33: comitia, the election of prœtor, Liv. 10, 22: potestas, the office of a prœtor, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 69: turba, to be found about the prœtor, accustomed to wait upon him, id. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 137: jus praetorium, quod praetores introduxerunt adjuvandi, vel supplendi, vel corrigendi juris civilis gratiā: quod et honorarium dicitur, Dig. 1, 1, 7; Gai. Inst. 4, 34: pignus, Dig. 35, 2, 32: tutor, a guardian appointed by the prœtor Urbanus, Gai. Inst. 1, 184.
    1. B. Subst.: praetōrĭus, ii, m.
          1. (α) One who has been prœtor, an exprœtor, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 1.
          2. (β) One of prœtorian rank, Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 5.
  2. II. Of or belonging to the proprœtor, proprœtorian: domus deferebantur, his official residence in a province, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145: exercitus, Flor. 3, 19, 11.
  3. III. Of or belonging to a general: praetoria cohors, the cohort or body-guard attached to every general, a prœtorian cohort, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf.: praetoria cohors est dicta, quod a praetore non discedebat. Scipio enim Africanus primus fortissimum quemque delegit, qui ab eo in bello non discederent et cetero munere militiae vacarent et sesquiplex stipendium acciperent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 223 Müll.
    Hence, derisively: scortatorum cohors praetoria, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.
    The emperors especially had cohorts as a body-guard: castra, the camp of the prœtorians, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; Suet. Tib. 37; Tac. A. 4, 2: cohortes navis, the flag-ship, the admiral’s ship, Liv. 26, 39: puppis, Flor. 2, 7, 7: imperium, the chief command, Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68: porta, the gate of the camp that opened from before the general’s tent directly towards the enemy (opp. the porta decumana, which was on the side farthest from the enemy), Caes. B. C. 3, 94: praetoria porta in castris appellatur, quā exercitus in proelium educitur, quia initio praetores erant, qui nunc consules, et hi bella administrabant, quorum tabernaculum quoque dicebatur praetorium, Paul. ex Fest. p. 223 Müll.

prae-torquĕo, no perf., tum, 2, v. a., to twist forwards, twist round (ante-class. and post-Aug.).

  1. I. Lit.: praetorto capite et recurvato, Col. 3, 18.
  2. II. Trop.: praetorquete injuriae collum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 12.

prae-torrĕo, ēre, 2, v. a., to heat beforehand (late Lat.): igne praetorrenda harena, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 8, 112.

prae-torrĭdus, a, um, adj., very hot, very dry (poet.): aestas, Calp. Ecl. 2, 80.

praetortus, a, um, Part., from praetorqueo.