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rŏta, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. ratha, chariot, and Germ. Rad (cf.rotundus), wheel], a wheel.
- I. Lit.: pro rotā me uti licet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9; cf.: vorsutior es quam rota figularis, id. Ep. 3, 2, 35: orbes rotarum, Lucr. 6, 551; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52: axes rotarum, id. 16, 43, 84, § 229: radiata, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15: aurea curvatura summae rotae, Ov M. 2, 108: aquaria, Cato, R. R. 11, 3: ne currente rotā funis eat retro, while the wheel (in a hoisting machine) hurries forward, Hor. C. 3, 10, 10 et saep.
- 2. In partic.
- a. A potter’s wheel (cf. supra, figularis): amphora coepit Institui: currente rotā cur urceus exit? Hor. A. P. 22; so, Cumana, Tib. 2, 3, 48: Aristarchus invenit rotam figuli, cujus circuitu vasa formantur, Sen. Ep. 90, 31.
- b. A wheel for torture (τροχός, among the Greeks): in rotam beatam vitam non escendere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24: cervicem circumactu rotae frangere, Sen. Ep. 70, 23; App. M. 3, p. 133; 10, p. 243; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1011.
Ixion’s wheel, Tib. 1, 3, 74; Verg. G. 4, 484; id. A. 6, 616; Sen. Herc. Fur. 750 et saep.
- c. A roller: aliquid subjectis rotis traicere, Front. 1, 5, 7: propellere, Tac. H. 4, 23; Vitr. 10, 13, 2.
- B. Poet., transf.
- 1. (Pars pro toto.) A car, chariot: si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, Ov.A. A. 2,230; cf. (opp. pedibus) id. M. 1, 448; so Prop. 1, 2, 20; 2, 25 (3, 20), 26; 4 (5), 10, 42: subdiderat rotas, Verg. A. 12, 675; Ov. M. 2, 139; 312; 3, 150.
Of the span of horses: Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis, Sil. 4, 483.
- 2. Of things in the shape of a wheel or disk.
- a. The disk of the sun: solis rota, Lucr. 5, 432; 564; cf.: flammea Phoebi, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1022; and simply rota, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 36 fin.; Val. Fl. 3, 559.
- b. A kind of sea-fish, Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8; 32, 11, 53, § 144.
- II. Trop., a wheel: fortunae rotam pertimescere, i. e. fickleness, inconstancy, Cic. Pis. 10, 22; cf.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae, Tib. 1, 5, 70; Prop. 2, 8, 8 (10); Tac. Or. 23; Amm. 26, 8, 13.
Poet.: imparibus vecta Thalia rotis, i. e. in elegiac metre, Ov. A. A. 1, 264; so, disparibus (elegorum) rotis, id. P. 3, 4, 86: jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, vorsor in amoris rotā miser, on the rack of love (cf. I. A. 2. b. supra), Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4.
rŏtābĭlis, e, adj. [rota].
- I. Whirling, rotary (late Lat.): flexus, Amm. 23, 4, 2.
- II. Transf., of a road, practicable: VIAM INVIAM ROTAB. REDD., Inscr. Grut. 149, 1.
rŏtālis, e, adj. [rota], having wheels, wheeled (late Lat.): carpentum, Capitol. Macr. 12: machina, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 13, 2.
rŏtātĭlis, e, adj. [roto], wheel-like, revolving (post-class.): gyri, Sid. Ep. 2, 9: trochaei, Prud. στεφ. praef. 8.
rŏtātim, adv. [roto], like a wheel, in a circle, around (post-class.): in orbem saltantes, App. M. 10, p. 253, 19 (al. rotarum).
rŏtātĭo, ōnis, f. [roto], a wheeling or turning about in a circle, rotation: circini, Vitr. 10, 3 init. et fin.
rŏtātor, ōris, m. [roto], one who turns a thing round in a circle, a whirler round: Bassaridum (Evan), Stat. S. 2, 7, 7; Cassiod. Var. 7, 5.
rŏtātus, ūs, m. [roto], a turning or whirling round, Stat. Achill. 2, 417; Aus. Idyll. 10, 362.
rŏto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [rota].
- I. Act., to turn a thing round like a wheel; to swing round, whirl about (poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf. torqueo).
- A. Lit.: Learchum bis terque per auras More rotat fundae, Ov. M. 4, 517; cf. id. ib. 9, 217; id. A. A. 2, 374: jactare caput et comas excutientem rotare, fanaticum est, Quint. 11, 3, 71: sanguineos orbes (i. e. oculos), to roll about, Val. Fl. 4, 235: ensem fulmineum, to brandish (in order to add force to the blow), Verg. A. 9, 441: telum, Liv. 42, 65, 10: telum in ora loquentis, Stat. Th. 9, 802: clipeum, Val Fl. 6, 551: saxa, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 6: flammam (venti), Lucr. 6, 202; cf.: (venti) trudunt res ante rapidique rotanti turbine portant, in a whirling tornado, id. 1, 295: flammae fumum, Hor. C. 4, 11, 11: se in vulnus (ursa), Luc. 6, 222: conreptum rotatumque sternit, Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 51.
Mid., to turn or go round in a circle, to roll round, revolve: Tyrrheni greges circumque infraque rotantur, Stat. Achill. 1, 56: circum caput igne rotato, Ov. M. 12, 296: poterisne rotatis Obvius ire polis? id. ib. 2, 74; cf.: nivibus rotatis (with glomerari), id. ib. 9, 221: sphaerico motu in orbem rotari, Macr Somn. Scip. 2, 14, 31.
- * B. Trop.: aut curtum sermone rotato Torqueat enthymema, round, compact, concise, Juv. 6, 449: sic ordinem fati rerum aeterna series rotat, Sen. Q. N. 2, 35, 2.
- II. Neutr., = rotari, to turn or roll round, to revolve (very rare): parte ex aliā, quā saxa rotantia late Impulerat torrens, Verg. A. 10, 362 Serv. (cf.: volventia plaustra, id. G. 1, 163); so of a peacock spreading its tail out like a wheel, Col. 8, 11, 8.
Rotomăgi, ōrum, m., a city in Gallia Lugdunensis, now Rouen, Amm. 15, 11, 12.
rŏtŭla, ae, f. (collat. form rŏtŭlus, i, m., Calp. Ecl. 7, 50), dim. [rota], a little wheel, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 38; Col. 11, 3, 52; Plin. 18, 18, 48, § 172; Pall. 1, 20.
rŏtundātĭo, ōnis, f. [rotundo], a making round, a rounding: linea rotundationis, i. e. the circumference, Vitr. 1, 6 fin.; 3, 1; 10, 11.
rŏtundē, adv., v. rotundus fin.
rŏtundĭfŏlĭus, a, um, adj. [rotundusfolium], round-leaved, rotundifolious: herbae, App. Herb. 71.
rŏtundĭtas, ātis,f. [rotundus], a round shape, roundness, rotundity (post-Aug.).
- I. Lit.: gemma rotunditatis absolutae, Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 190; so id. 18, 13, 34, § 130; 16, 23, 35, § 86; 19, 5, 25, § 76 al.
- II. Trop.: verborum, a roundness, smoothness, Macr. S. 7, 5: Symmachi, Sid. Ep. 1, 1.
Concr., a circular space: rotunditas dimidii cubiti, Vulg. 3 Reg. 7, 35.
rŏtundo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [rotundus], to make round, to round off, round (syn. torno).
- I. Lit. (class.): cum similem universitatis naturae efficere vellet, ad volubilitatem rotundavit, Cic. Univ. 10: tignum ad circinum, Vitr. 10, 11, 1: vasculum in modum papillae, App. M. 11, p. 262, 9: orbem solis (with curvare aequaliter), Vell. 2, 59, 6: se (flamma), Mel. 1, 18, 4.
Mid.: herbae in caulem rotundantur, Plin. 21, 17, 66, § 106.
- II. Trop., of style, etc., to round off, elaborate, (very rare): elegos acutos ac rotundatos hendecasyllabos elucubrare, rounded, i. e. smooth, polished, Sid. Ep. 8, 4.
Of a sum of money, to make up, complete (cf. corrotundo): mille talenta rotundentur, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 34.
* rŏtundŭla, ae, f. dim. [rotundus], a little round mass, a little ball, pellet, App. Herb. 13.
rŏtundus (rŭt-), a, um, adj. [rota], wheel-shaped, i. e. round, circular, spherical, rotund (very freq. and class.; cf. teres).
- I. Lit.: cur ea, quae fuerint juxtim quadrata, procul sint Visa rotunda, Lucr. 4, 502; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 36: stellae globosae et rotundae, id. Rep. 6, 15, 15: mundum rotundum esse volunt, id. N. D. 1, 10, 24.
Comp.: mundum ita tornavit, ut nihil effici possit rotundius, Cic. Univ. 6; so, bacae, Hor. Epod. 8, 13; cf.: capita rotundiora … rotundissima, Cels. 8, 1 fin.: locus infimus in rotundo, Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69: togae, hanging evenly all round, Quint. 11, 3, 139.
Prov.: diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis, i. e. turns every thing upside down, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100.
- II. Trop., round, rounded.
- A. In gen.: sapiens Fortis et in se ipse totus, teres atque rotundus, Hor. S. 2, 7, 86: illa rotunda et undique circumcisa, Quint. 8, 5, 27.
- B. In partic., of speech (opp. rough, unpolished), round, well turned, smooth, polished, elegant (in Cic. with quasi or ut ita dicam added; but v. infra, adv. b.): erat verborum et delectus elegans et apta et quasi rotunda constructio, Cic. Brut. 78, 272; cf.: Thucydides praefractior nec satis, ut ita dicam, rotundus, id. Or. 13, 40: Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui, Hor. A. P. 323; celeris ac rotunda distributio, Quint. 3, 4, 16: rotunda volubilisque sententia, Gell. 11, 13, 4: rotundi numeri (with brevis), id. 17, 20, 4: verba, id. 16, 1, 1.
Hence, adv.: rŏtun-dē.
- * a. (Acc. to I.) Roundly: ut in orbem quam rotundissime formetur, Col. Arb. 5, 2.
- * b. (Acc. to II.) Roundly, smoothly, elegantly: a te quidem apte ac rotunde, Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 7.