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sā̆crābĭlĭter, adv. [sacra; sc. passio], like an epileptic, as if in a fit of epilepsy: spumare, Theod. Prisc. 2, 2.

sā̆crāmentālis, e, adj. [sacramentum], sacramental (late Lat.), Cassiod. in Ps. 8, 11.

sā̆crāmentum, i, n. [sacro].

  1. I. In good class. Lat., a jurid. and milit. t. t.
    1. A. Jurid. t. t., the sum which the two parties to a suit at first deposited, but afterwards became bound for, with the tresviri capitales; so called because the sum deposited by the losing party was used for religious purposes, esp. for the sacra publica; v. Fest. p. 344 Müll.; or, perh. more correctly, because the money was deposited in a sacred place; v. the foll. passage of Varro and Müller’s note. (Another reason is given in Isid. Orig. 5, 24 fin.: sacramentum est pignus sponsionis; vocatum autem sacramentum, quia violare, quod quisque promittit, perfidia est): ea pecunia, quae in judicium venit in litibus, sacramentum a sacro. Qui petebat et qui infitiabatur, de aliis rebus utrique quingenos aeris ad pontem deponebant, de aliis rebus item certo alio legitimo numero assum; qui judicio vicerat, suom sacramentum e sacro auferebat, victi ad aerarium redibat, Varr. L. L. 5, § 180 Müll. N. cr.: qui prior vindicaverat, dicebat: quando tu injuria vindicavisti, de aeris sacramento te provoco; adversarius quoque dicebat: similiter ego te; seu L. asses sacramenti nominabant … Postea praedes Praetor ab utroque accipiebat sacramenti, quod id in publicum cedebat, Gai. Inst. 4, 16; cf. id. ib. 4, 16, § 13 sq.; 95: sacramenti autem nomine id aes dici coeptum est quod et propter aerarii inopiam et sacrorum publicorum multitudinem consumebatur id in rebus divinis, Fest. p. 344 Müll.: cum in rem aliquam agerent litigatores et poena se sacramenti peterent, poscebant judicem, qui dabatur post trigesimum diem, Pseudo-Ascon. ad. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26 (p. 164 Orell.): de multae sacramento consules comitiis centuriatis tulerunt, Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.
      1. 2. Meton., a cause, a civil suit or process: decemviri re quaesitā et deliberatā sacramentum nostrum justum judicaverunt, Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; cf. transf. in gen.: homines graves, quibuscum tibi justo sacramento contendere, non liceret, on equal terms, with a fair chance of success, id. de Or. 1, 10, 42: cetera … ἔντεχνα et arguta adparebunt, ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, lay a wager, i. e. confidently assert, id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: injustis vindiciis ac sacramentis ali enos fundos petere, id. Mil. 27, 74: si Xviri sacramentum in libertatem injustum judicassent, id. Dom. 29, 78.
    2. B. Milit. t. t. (cf. infra, 2, the passage from Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36), orig. the preliminary engagement entered into by newly-enlisted troops (this was followed by the proper military oath, jusjurandum, which was at first voluntary, but, after the second Punic war, was demanded by the military tribune): milites tum (i.e. 538 A.U.C.), quod numquam antea factum erat, jurejurando ab tribunis militum adacti milites [jussu consulis conventuros]: nam ad eam diem nihil praeter sacramentum fuerat; et, ubi ad decuriatum aut centuriatum convenissent, suā voluntate ipsi inter sese decuriati equites, centuriati pedites conjurabant, sese fugae atque formidinis ergo non abituros neque ex ordine recessuros, nisi, etc. … Id ex voluntario inter ipsos foedere ad tribunos ac legitimam juris jurandi adactionem translatum, Liv. 22, 38, 2 seq. Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. Front. Strat. 4, 1, 4; and v. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 292 sq.
      Hence, since that time,
      1. 2. For jusjurandum, the military oath of allegiance (very freq. and class.): milites Domitianos sacramentum apud se dicere jubet, to take the oath of allegiance, Caes. B. C. 1, 23; so, sacramentum dicere, id. ib. 1, 86 fin.: quos consulis sacramento rogavisset, id. B. G. 6, 1: sacramentum dicere alicui, Tac. A. 1, 28; and in a like signif. in Livy: sacramento (abl.) dicere, Liv. 2, 24 fin.; 4, 53; 25, 5; 41, 5 fin.: sacramento dicere alicui, id. 24, 8: ut omnes minores quinquaginta annis sacramento (abl.) rogaret, should administer the oath of allegiance to them, swear them in, id. 40, 26; so, rogare (aliquos) sacramento, id. 32, 26; 35, 2; Quint. 12, 2, 26; in a like sense: adigere sacramento aliquos, Liv. 4, 5; 7, 11; 9, 29; Tac. A. 1, 37; id. H. 1, 55: adigere aliquos sacramento Othonis, id. ib. 1, 76: Vitellii, id. ib. 2, 55: Vespasiani, id. ib. 2, 79: adigere aliquos sacramento in nomen senatūs, Suet. Galb. 16: sacramento aliquem tenere … sacramento tenere, Caes. B. C. 2, 32; cf.: secundo eum obliget militiae sacramento, quia, priore amisso, jure cum hostibus pugnare non poterat, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (in which passage the primary jurid. signif. is alluded to): ex quibus (legionibus) aetate aut valetudine fessi sacramento solvebantur, Tac. A. 16, 13 fin.: legionibus, quae sacramentum mutaverant, in paenitentiam conversis, i. e. had revolted, Suet. Claud. 13; cf.: paenitentia mutati sacramenti, id. Galb. 10: alicujus sacramentum exuere, Tac. H. 3, 42: hoc sacramento (viz. in the service of Bacchus) initiatos juvenes milites faciendos censetis? Liv. 39, 15.
        1. b. Transf., in gen., an oath, a solemn obligation or engagement (mostly post-Aug.): ut sacramento contendas mea non esse, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2: non ego perfidum Dixi sacramentum: ibimus, ibimus, etc., Hor. C. 2, 17, 10: in verba Eumolpi sacramentum juravimus, Petr. 117, 5: amicitiae sacramentum delevi, id. 80, 4: sacramento quodam nexi, Just. 20, 4, 14: se sacramento obstringere, ne, etc., Plin. Ep. 10, 96 (97), 7: si quod inesset mutis animalibus tacitum ac naturale sacramentum, App. M. 3, p. 140, 31.
  2. II. In eccl. and late Lat., something to be kept sacred.
      1. 1. A secret: sacramentum regis abscondere, Vulg. Tob. 12, 7.
      2. 2. The gospel revelation: nolite verba, cum sacramentum meum Erit canendum, providenter quaerere, Prud. στεφ. 10,15.
      3. 3. A mystery: sacramentum stellarum, Vulg. Apoc. 1, 20: pietatis, id. 1 Tim. 3, 16; Lact. 7, 24; Aug. de Agone Christi, 24.
      4. 4. A sacrament: signa, cum ad res divinas pertinent, sacramenta appellantur, Aug. Ep. 138: baptismi, id. Doctr. Christ. 3, 13: sanguinis Christi, id. Ep. ad Bonif. 98, 9: (matrimonii), Vulg. Eph. 5, 32.
      5. 5. The office of the ministry: Athanasium episcopum … coctus in unum quaesitus (synodus ut appellant) removit a sacramento quod obtinebat, Amm. 15, 7, 7.

Săcrāni, ōrum, m., an ancient people of Latium, Fest. p. 321 (a), 18 Müll.
Hence, adj.: Săcrānus, a, um, of the Sacrani: acies, Verg. A. 7, 796: SACERDOTES, Inscr. Gud. p. 20, 8.

sā̆crārĭum, ii, n. [sacer].

  1. I. A place for the keeping of holy things (sometimes, also, a place for prayer); a shrine, sacristy, sanctuary (cf.: fanum, sacellum, delubrum); an oratory, chapel: notandum est aliud esse sacrum locum, aliud sacrarium. Sacer locus est locus consecratus, sacrarium est locus, in quo sacra reponuntur: quod etiam in aedificio privato esse potest, Dig. 1, 8, 9; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 12, 199; Fest. s. v. secespitam, p. 348 Müll.: erat apud Hejum sacrarium magnā cum dignitate in aedibus, a majoribus traditum, perantiquum: in quo signa pulcherrima quattuor, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 4; 2, 4, 3, § 5: Caere, sacrarium populi Romani, deversorium sacerdotum ac receptaculum Romanorum sacrorum, Liv. 7, 20, 7: qui habitat in tuo sacrario, Cic. Fam. 13, 2: ubi nunc sacrarium est, Suet. Aug. 5: tensam Jovis e sacrario in domum deducere, id. Vesp. 5.
    In plur.: vetito temerat sacraria probro, Ov. M. 10, 695: ante ipsum sacrarium Bonae Deae, Cic. Mil. 31, 86: Fidei, Liv. 1, 21; cf. in the plur.: Vestae, Mart. 7, 73, 3: Ditis, Verg. A. 12, 199: Mentis bonae, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19: VENERIS, Inscr. Orell. 1359: CERERIS ANTIATINAE, ib. 1494: MITHRAE, ib. 1051 al.: iis juvenibus bacchantibus ex obsceno sacrario eductis arma committenda? Liv. 39, 15 fin.
  2. II. Transf., a secret place, etc.: a quo (sc. te, Catilina) aquilam illam argenteam … cui domi tuae sacrarium scelerum tuorum constitutum fuit, sciam esse praemissam, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24; 2, 6, 13: illa arcana (naturae) … in interiore sacrario clausa sunt, Sen. Q. N. 7, 31, 3 (for which, shortly before: in sanctiore secessu): testor mentis sacraria, Jovis jusjurandum, Stat. Th. 3, 246.

‡ sā̆crārĭus, ii, m. [sacer], a sacrist, sacristan: IVNONIS, Inscr. Orell. 1304.

sā̆crātē, adv., v. sacro, P. a. fin.

sā̆crātĭo, ōnis, f. [sacro], consecration, dedication, Macr. S. 3, 7.

1. sā̆crātor, ōris, m. [sacro], one who hallows or consecrates (late Lat.): justitiae, Aug. Ep. 140.

2. Sā̆crātor, ōris, m., the name of a warrior, Verg. A. 10, 747.

sā̆crātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from sacro.

Sacravĭenses, ĭum, v. via, I. A. 2 fin.

sā̆cro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [sacer], to declare or set apart as sacred; to consecrate, dedicate, or devote to a divinity (class.; cf. consecro).

  1. I. Lit.: ne quis agrum consecrato. Auri, argenti, eboris sacrandi modus esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: eum praedam Veientanam publicando sacrandoque ad nihilum redegisse, ferociter increpant, Liv. 5, 25: (agrum) Cypriae, Ov. M. 10, 644: Capitolino Jovi donum ex auro, Suet. Tib. 53 fin.: (laurum) Phoebo, Verg. A. 7, 62: aras, id. ib. 5, 48: vigilem ignem, id. ib. 4, 200: votum immortale, id. ib. 8, 715: inter haec auream aquilam pinnis extendenti similem sacraverant, Curt. 3, 3, 16: templum, in quo Helena sacravit calicem ex electro, Plin. 33, 4, 23, § 81.
    In part. perf.: duabus aris ibi Jovi et Soli sacratis cum immolasset, Liv. 40, 22: arae, Suet. Tib. 14: sacratas fide manus, Liv. 23, 9: sacrata Crotonis Ossa tegebat humus, Ov. M. 15, 55: rite pecudes, Verg. A. 12, 213: templum, id. ib. 2, 165 al.
      1. 2. With a bad accessory signif. (cf. sacer, II.), to devote or doom to destruction, to declare accursed, to condemn: de sacrando cum bonis capite ejus, qui regni occupandi consilia inisset, gratae in vulgus leges fuere, Liv. 2, 8; cf.: caput Jovi, id. 10, 38.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., to set apart, consecrate, devote, give, dedicate a thing to any one (poet. and rare): quod patriae vocis studiis nobisque sacrasti, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 13, 22: hunc illi honorem Juppiter sacravit, Verg. A. 12, 141: tibi sacratum opus, Ov. Tr. 2, 552.
      In a bad sense: injecere manum Parcae, telisque sacrarunt Evandri (Halaesum), Verg. A. 10, 419.
  2. II. Meton.
      1. 1. To render sacred or inviolable by consecration; to hallow, consecrale: hoc nemus aeterno cinerum sacravit honore Faenius, Mart. 1, 117, 1: foedus, quod in Capitolio sacratum fuisset, irritum per illos esse, that had been decreed inviolable, Liv. 38, 33; cf.: sanctiones sacrandae sunt genere ipso aut obtestatione legis, aut, etc., Cic. Balb. 14, 33: sacrata lex, a law whose violation was punished by devoting the offender to the infernal gods, id. Sest. 7, 16; id. Dom. 17, 43; Liv. 2, 33; 3, 17; 7, 41; 9, 39; 36, 38; cf.: sacratae leges sunt, quibus sanctum est, qui quid adversus eas fecerit, sacer alicui deorum sit cum familia pecuniaque, Fest. p. 318 Müll.
      2. 2. Of a deity, to hold sacred, to worship or honor as sacred: haud frustra te patrem deum hominumque hac sede sacravimus, Liv. 8, 6: Vesta sacrata, Ov. M. 15, 864.
    1. B. Transf., in gen., to render imperishable, to immortalize (rare): aliquem Lesbio plectro, Hor. C. 1, 26, 11; cf.: miratur nihil, nisi quod Libitina sacravit, id. Ep. 2, 1, 49: vivit vigetque eloquentia ejus (Catonis), sacrata scriptis omnis generis, Liv. 39, 40: avum Sacrārunt carmina tuum, Ov. P. 4, 8, 64.
      Hence, sā̆crātus, a, um, P. a., hallowed, consecrated, holy, sacred: sacrata jura parentum, Ov. M. 10, 321: jura Graiorum, Verg. A. 2, 157: vittae Sacrati capitis, id. ib. 3, 371: dux, i. e. Augustus, Ov. F. 2, 60; cf.: manus (Tiberii), id. ib. 1, 640: dies sacratior, Mart. 4, 1, 1: numen gentibus sacratissimum, Plin. 33, 4, 24, § 82: homines, devoted to the gods, Macr. S. 3, 7; Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 26.
      At a later per., Sacratissimus, an epithet of the emperors, Most Worshipful, Dig. 38, 17, 9; Mamert. Pan. ad Maxim. 1 et saep.
      Adv.: sā̆-crātē, in eccl. Lat.,
      1. 1. Holily, piously: vivere, Aug. Ep. 22 fin.
      2. 2. Mysteriously, mystically, Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 16.

vĭa (vĕa, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14), ae (gen. sing. vias, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 679 P., or Ann. v. 421 Vahl.; viāï, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 16, or Ann. v. 209 ib.; Lucr. 1, 406; 1, 659; 2, 249 et saep.; dat. plur. VIEIS, Inscr. Lat. 206, 50), f. [Sanscr. vah-āmi, bring, lead; Gr. ὄχος, ὄχημα, vehicle; Germ. Wagen; Engl. wagon; from this root are also veho, vexo, etc.], a way, in the most general sense (for men, beasts, or carriages, within or without a city), a highway, road, path, street.

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: viae latitudo ex lege duodecim tabularum in porrectum octo pedes habet, in anfractum, id est ubi flexum est, sedecim, Dig. 8, 3, 8: Romam in montibus positam et convallibus, non optimis viis, angustissimis semitis, Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96: et modo quae fuerat semita, facta via est, Mart. 7, 61, 4: aut viam aut semitam monstret, Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 30: mi opsistere in viā, id. Curc. 2, 3, 5: ire in viā, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 42: omnibus viis notis semitisque essedarios ex silvis emittebat, Caes. B. G. 5, 19 (opp. semita), id. ib. 7, 8; Liv. 44, 43, 1; cf.: decedam ego illi de viā, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 80; cf. id. Curc. 2, 3, 8: paulum ad dexteram de viā declinavi, Cic. Fin. 5, 2, 5: decedere viā, Suet. Tib. 31: aestuosa et pulverulenta via, Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1: quā (viā) Sequanis invitis propter angustias ire non poterant, Caes. B. G. 1, 9: cursare huc illuc viā deterrimā, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2: in viam se dare, to set out on a journey, id. Fam. 14, 12: te neque navigationi neque viae committere, id. ib. 16, 4, 1: tu abi tuam viam, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 88: milites monuit, viā omnes irent, nec deverti quemquam paterentur, along the highway, Liv. 25, 9, 4.
        In a double sense: ire publicā viā, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 35.
        Prov.: qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. v. 358 Vahl.): de viā in semitam degredi, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 40: totā errare viā, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 14.
      2. 2. In partic., as the name of a particular street or road: tres ergo viae, a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia, Cic. Phil. 12, 9, 22: Via Appia, id. Mil. 6, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 6; v. Appius: Via Campana, Suet. Aug. 94; v. Campania: Sacra Via, in Rome, in the fourth region, Varr. L. L. 5, § 47 Müll.; Fest. p. 290 ib.; Cic. Planc. 7, 17; Hor. Epod. 4, 7; 7, 8: Via Sacra, id. S. 1, 9, 1; also written as one word, SACRAVIA, Inscr. Grut. 638, 7; 1033, 1; cf. Charis. p. 6 P.; Diom. p. 401 ib. (v. sacer, I. A.); cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 219 sq.
        Hence, Sacrăvĭenses, ĭum, m., those dwelling on the Sacra Via, Fest. s. v. October equus, p. 178 Müll.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Abstr., like our way, for march, journey (syn. iter): cum de viā languerem, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12: nisi de viā fessus esset, id. Ac. 1, 1, 1: tridui via, a three days’ march or journey, Caes. B. G. 1, 38: bidui, id. ib. 6, 7; Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27: longitudo viae, Liv. 37, 33, 3: flecte viam velis, Verg. A. 5, 28: tum via tuta maris, Ov. M. 11, 747: feci Longa Pherecleā per freta puppe vias, id. H. 16, 22: ne inter vias praeterbitamus, metuo, by the way, on the road, Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 43; Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 1; Turp. ap. Non. p. 538, 8 et saep.
      2. 2. In gen., a way, passage, channel, pipe, etc.; thus, a lane in a camp, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; a passage between the seats of a theatre, Mart. 5, 14, 8; Tert. Spect. 3; of the veins: omnes ejus (sanguinis) viae, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; of the chyle ducts: quaedam a medio intestino usque ad portas jecoris ductae et directae viae, id. ib.; the windpipe, Ov. M. 15, 344; 14, 498; a cleft through which any thing penetrates, Verg. G. 2, 79; cf. Ov. M. 11, 515; the path or track of an arrow, Verg. A. 5, 526; a stripe in a party-colored fabric, Tib. 2, 3, 54 et saep.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., a way, method, mode, manner, fashion, etc., of doing any thing, course (cf. modus): vitae, Cic. Fl. 42, 105; id. Agr. 1, 9, 27; id. Sest. 67, 140; Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 26; Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 5; Lact. Epit. 67, 12: via vivendi, Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118: rectam vitae viam sequi, id. ib.: Socrates hanc viam ad gloriam proximam dicebat esse, id. ib. 2, 12, 43: haec ad aeternam gloriam via est, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18: haec una via omnibus ad salutem visa est, Liv. 36, 27, 8: invenire viam ad mortem, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 12: totidem ad mortem viae sunt, Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 6: cum eum hortarer ut eam laudis viam rectissimam esse duceret, Cic. Brut. 81, 281: haec est una via laudis, id. Sest. 65, 137: totam ignoras viam gloriae, id. Phil. 1, 14, 33: quae tum promptissima mortis via, exsolvit venas, Tac. A. 16, 17: habeo certam viam atque rationem, quā omnes illorum conatus investigare et consequi possim, Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 48: defensionis ratio viaque, id. ib. 2, 5, 1, § 4: non tam justitiae quam litigandi tradunt vias, id. Leg. 1, 6, 18: docendi via, id. Or. 32, 114: optimarum artium vias tradere, id. Div. 2, 1, 1: (di) non … nullas dant vias nobis ad significationum scientiam, id. ib. 2, 49, 102: rectam instas viam, i. e. you speak correctly, truly, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 41.
      Adverb.: rectā viā, directly: ut rectā viā rem narret ordine omnem, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28.
    2. B. Pregn. (cf. ratio), the right way, the true method, mode, or manner: ingressu’st viam, i. e. rectam, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 273: in omnibus quae ratione docentur et viā, primum constituendum est, quid quidque sit, etc., rationally and methodically, Cic. Or. 33, 116: ut ratione et viā procedat oratio, id. Fin. 1, 9, 29.
      Adverb.: viā, rightly, properly (opp. to wandering out of the way): ipsus eam rem secum reputavit viā, Ter. And. 2, 6, 11: viā et arte dicere, Cic. Brut. 12, 46.
    3. C. Viam perficere, i. e. to attain an end, Just. Inst. proöem. 1.