Lewis & Short

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scāla, ae (acc. to the ancient grammarians, not used in sing.; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, §§ 63 and 68; 10, § 54 Müll.; Quint. 1, 5, 16 Spald.; Charis. p. 20 P. p. 72 ib.; Diom. p. 315 ib. al.; but v. infra), f. [for scandla, from scando; cf. mala, from mando], mostly plur.: scālae, ārum, a flight of steps or stairs, a staircase; a ladder, scaling-ladder.

  1. I. Plur.
    1. A. Lit.: scalas dare alicui utendas, Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 10: scalarum gradus, the rounds of a ladder, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3: Romani scalis summă nituntur opum vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 5, 43: scalas ponere, to fix, id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 40: scalas admovere, id. ib. 3, 63; 3, 80; Cic. Mil. 15, 40; id. Phil. 2, 9, 121: murum scalis aggredi, Sall. J. 57, 4; 60, 7; Verg. A. 9, 507; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 15 et saep.: scalis habito tribus et altis, up three flights of stairs, Mart. 1, 118, 7.
      1. 2. In partic.: Scalae Gemoniae, v. Gemoniae.
    2. * B. Poet., transf., steps: haec per ducentas cum domum tulit scalas, Mart. 7, 20, 20.
  2. II. Sing. (post-class.).
    1. A. In gen., a ladder: scalam commodare ad ascendendum, Dig. 47, 2, 55 (54), § 4; cf. Aquil. Rom. p. 181 Ruhnk.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. Scala gallinaria, a hen-roost, i. e. a crossbar of like form, used for reducing a dislocated shoulder, Cels. 8, 15 med.
      2. 2. Of Jacob’s ladder, seen in his dream, Vulg. Gen. 28, 12; Hier. Ep. 3, § 4; 108, § 13.

scālārĭa, ium, v. scalaris.

‡ scālārĭi, ōrum, m. [scalae], stairmakers, Inscr. Orell. 4071.

scālāris, e, adj. [scalae], of or belonging to a flight of steps or a ladder: forma, Vitr. 5, 6 fin.; STRVCTIO, Inscr. Orell. 4570.
As subst.: scālārĭa, ĭum, n., a flight of stairs or steps, a staircase, Vitr. 5, 6, 3; also in the sing.: SCALARE, is, Inscr. Orell. 4750.

Scaldis, is, m., the Scheldt, a river of Gallia Belgica; acc. Scaldem, Caes. B. G. 6, 33 Oud. N. cr.: Scaldim, Plin. 4, 14, 28, § 98; abl. Scalde, id. 4, 17, 31, or Scaldi, ib.

† scălēnus, a, um, adj., = σκαληνός; in mathematics, of a triangle, of unequal sides, scalene: figura geometrica, Aus. Idyll. 13, prooem. § 7.

† scalmus, i, m., = σκαλμός, a peg to which an oar was strapped; a thole, tholepin, Vitr. 10, 8 med.; Cic. Brut. 53, 197; id. de Or. 1, 38, 174; Vell. 2, 43, 1: venit (Canius) mature: scalmum nullum videt, not even a thole-pin, i. e. no trace of a boat, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59.

scalpellum, i, n. (collat. form scal-pellus, i, m., Cels. 2, 10 twice), dim. [scalprum], a small surgical knife, a scalpel, a lancet: scalpellum adhibere, Cic. Sest. 65, 135; id. Div. 2, 46, 96; Col. 6, 32, 3; Plin. 28, 8, 28, § 110; Veg. Vet. 1, 26, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 4: scribae, a penknife, Vulg. Jer. 36, 23.

scalper, ri, v. scalprum.

scalpo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a. [root skalp-; Gr. σκάλοψ, mole; Lat. talpa; cf. scalprum; also Gr. γλύφω].

  1. I. To cut, carve, scrape, scratch, engrave (class.; syn. caelo), said of surface work, = ξέειν; sculpo, of deeper work, high relief, or statuary, = γλύφω: ad pingendum, ad fingendum, ad scalpendum apta manus est, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150: Phidiam tradunt scalpsisse marmora, Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 15: marmora ac scyphos, id. 35, 11, 40, § 128 (Sillig, sculpsit): gemmas, id. 37, 10, 65, § 177: flores et acanthi eleganter scalpti, Vitr. 2, 7, 4.
    Poet.: sepulcro querelam, to carve, Hor. C. 3, 11, 52.
    Transf., to scratch: terram unguibus, to scratch, dig, Hor. S. 1, 8, 26; Col. 7, 5, 6: exulceratam verrucam, Suet. Dom. 16: nates, Pompon. ap. Non. 516, 26: caput uno digito, Juv. 9, 133: scalpendo tantum ferreis unguibus, Plin. 13, 7, 14, § 56.
  2. * II. Trop., in mal. part., to tickle, titillate: tremulo scalpuntur ubi intima versu, Pers. 1, 21.

* scalprātus, a, um, adj. [scalprum], having a sharp or cutting edge: ferramentum, Col. 9, 15, 9.

scalprum, i, n. (collat. form scalper, ri, m., Cels. 8, 3) [scalpo], a sharp cutting instrument; a chisel, knife, etc., of sculptors, husbandmen, shoemakers, surgeons, etc., Liv. 27, 49; Col. 4, 25, 1; Hor. S. 2, 3, 106; Cels. 8, 3 sq.; Sen. Ep. 65, 13.
A penknife, Tac. A. 5, 8; Suet. Vit. 2.
Of a pruning-knife, Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 119.

scalptor, ōris, m. [scalprum], a cutter, graver in metal or stone (cf. sculptor), Vell. 1, 17, 4; Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 134; 36, 6, 5, § 44; 37, 4, 15, § 60.

scalptōrĭum, ii, n. [scalprum], an instrument for scratching one’s self, in the form of a hand, Mart. 14, 83 in lemm.

scalptūra, ae, f. [scalprum].

  1. I. A cutting, carving, or graving in stone: gemmarum, Plin. 37, 7, 30, § 104; Suet. Galb. 10.
    Plur., Plin. 37, 10, 63, § 173.
  2. II. Concr., a graved figure, a sculpture: Zophori scalpturis ornati, Vitr. 4, 1, 2; 2, 9, 9; 3, 3, 10.

* scalptŭrīgo (scalpŭrīgo), ĭnis, f. [scalpturio], a scratching, Sol. 32 med.

* scalptūrĭo (scalpūrĭo, Non. 171, 32), īre, v. desid. n. [scalpo], to scratch, claw: occoepit (gallus) ibi scalpturire ungulis circumcirca, Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 8.