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supplex (subpl-), ĭcis (abl. supplĭci, but also -ĭce freq. in dactyl. and anap. verse, Hor. C. 3, 14, 8; Tib. 1, 2, 14; Ov. M. 2, 396 al.;

  1. I. and always when used subst., Verg. A. 3, 667; Ov. M. 8, 261; Curt. 5, 3, 14; or to denote a temporary attitude or relation, not a permanent characteristic, Cic. Scaur. 2, 35; Luc. 8, 287; 8, 346; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 46; gen. plur. supplicium, Liv. 24, 30; 29, 16; 35, 34), adj. [sup-plico, bending the knees, kneeling down; hence], humbly begging or entreating; humble, submissive, beseeching, suppliant, supplicant (class.; syn.: humilis, submissus).
          1. (α) Absol.: supplex te ad pedes abiciebas, Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf. id. Lig. 5, 13: ad alios se reges supplicem contulisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21: et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex, Verg. A. 10, 523: vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis, Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18; cf. infra II.: se supplicem pro aliquo profiteri, id. Pis. 32, 80: supplex ad aliquem venire, id. Att. 16, 16, C, § 10: ad opem judicum supplices confugere, id. Font. 15, 33 (11, 23): do manus Supplex, Hor. Epod. 17, 2: supplex populi suffragia capto, id. Ep. 2, 2, 103: tibi quo die Portus Alexandrea supplex patefecit, id. C. 4, 14, 35: supplex rogabo, Stat. Achill. 1, 50.
          2. (β) With dat.: ut tibi fierem supplex, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 20: judicibus supplex, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. de Or. 1, 53, 229: ego me plurimis pro te supplicem abjeci, id. Mil. 36, 100; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 101; id. Cist. 1, 1, 34; id. Pers. 2, 3, 18; id. Stich. 2, 1, 18; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 47; Cic. Planc. 8, 21; Ov. H. 12, 185 al.: cum Alcibiades Socrati supplex esset, ut, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, 77.
          3. (γ) As subst.: supplex, ĭcis, m., a suppliant, humble petitioner: in miseros ac supplices misericordiā uti, Caes. B. G. 2, 28: et nos jacentis ad pedes supplicum voce prohibebis? Cic. Lig. 5, 13: tu supplice digno dignior, Val. Fl. 7, 290: paternus, Sen. Troad. 315; so with a pron. possess. or gen.: vester est supplex, judices, Cic. Mur. 40, 86; so, vester, id. Clu. 70, 200: tuus, Hor. C. 3, 10, 16: supplex vestrae misericordiae, Cic. Cael. 32, 79: dei, Nep. Paus. 4, 5; id. Ages. 4, 8: tui numinis, Sen. Agam. 343: domus inimicae, Quint. Decl. 9, 1.
  2. II. Transf., of things: manus supplices, Cic. Font. 21, 48 (17, 38): manu supplice, Ov. M. 11, 279: dextra, Val. Fl. 4, 11: vitta, Hor. C. 3, 14, 8: dona, Verg. A. 3, 439: libelli, Mart. 8, 31, 3: vota, Verg. A. 8, 61: verba, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: vox, Sall. C. 31, 7; Ov. M. 2, 396; Liv. 30, 12; Curt. 4, 6, 28: voce supplex, Tac. A. 1, 57: oliva, Val. Fl. 3, 424: querelae, Tib. 1, 4, 72: lacrimae, Prop. 1, 16, 4: causa, Quint. 11, 1, 3.
    Hence, adv.: sup-plĭcĭter, humbly, submissively, suppliantly: suppliciter demisseque respondere, Cic. Fl. 10, 21; id. de Or. 1, 20, 90; Caes. B. G. 1, 27; Suet. Aug. 13; id. Tib. 10; Verg. A. 1, 481; 12, 220; Hor. S. 1, 8, 32; Ov. F. 2, 438; id. P. 1, 10, 44.

supplĭcāmentum (subpl-), i, n. [supplico], a public prayer, religious ceremony (syn. supplicatio; post-class.), App. M. 11, p. 266, 25; 11, p. 267, 34; Arn. 7, 285 (7, 21 Orell.).

supplĭcātĭo (subpl-), ōnis, f. [supplico]; in relig. lang., a public prayer or supplication, a religious solemnity in consequence of certain (fortunate or unfortunate) public events; a day set apart for prayer, either by way of thanksgiving or of religious humiliation, genuflection (cf. obsecratio): atque etiam supplicatio diis immortalibus pro singulari eorum merito meo nomine decreta est, etc., Cic. Cat. 3, 6, 15: praetor urbanus supplicationes per dies quinquaginta ad omnia pulvinaria constituat, id. Phil. 14, 14, 37; so, decreta ad omnia pulvinaria, id. Cat. 3, 10, 23: quorum (prodigiorum) averruncandorum causā supplicationes in biduum senatus decrevit, Liv. 10, 23, 1; 5, 23, 4: supplicationem habere, id. 10, 47, 7; 31, 9, 6: fuit, id. 37, 3, 5.
Sometimes such a supplicatio was decreed in honor of a victorious general to precede his triumph: cui uni togato supplicationem senatus decreverit, Cic. Sull. 30, 85: ex litteris Caesaris dierum viginti supplicatio a senatu decreta est, Caes. B. G. 4, 38 fin.; 7, 90 fin.; Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; id. Pis. 3, 6; Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2: dies quindecim supplicatio decreta est, Caes. B. G. 2, 35: supplicatio diem unum Romae, alterum in Capenati agro indicta est, Liv. 27, 4, 15: diem unum supplicatio fuit ob, etc., id. 41, 28, 1: in quatriduum supplicationes decernere, id. 5, 23, 3; 37, 47, 4; Suet. Caes. 24 fin. al.

supplĭcātor (subpl-), ōris, m. [supplico], one that prays humbly, a suppliant (eccl. Lat.), Prud. στεφ. 1, 14; Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 23 fin.

supplĭcĭālis, e, adj. [supplicium], penal (late Lat.), Jul. Val. 2, 18.

supplĭcĭter, adv., v. supplex fin.

supplĭcĭum (subpl-), ii, n. [supplex; prop. a kneeling down, either as a suppliant or to receive punishment].

  1. I. As a suppliant.
    1. A. In relig. lang., humiliation, a public prayer or supplication, an act of worship (mostly ante-Aug. and in prose after the Aug. period; not in Cic. or Cæs.; syn.: supplicatio, obsecratio): nunc pergam, ut suppliciis placans caelitum aras expleam, Att. ap. Non. 398, 19; cf.: deos suppliciis, sumptu, votis, donis, Precibus plorans, obsecrans, Afran. ib. 398, 22: suppliciis votisque fatigare deos, Liv. 27, 50, 5: non votis neque suppliciis muliebribus auxilia deorum parantur, Sall. C. 52, 29.
      1. 2. Esp., a sacrificing, offering: nihil ei (Jovi) acceptum est a perjuris supplicii, offering, sacrifice, Plaut. Rud. prol. 25: in suppliciis deorum magnifici, Sall. C. 9, 2; id. J. 55, 1: precibus suppliciisque deos placare, Liv. 22, 57, 5; cf.: quos (boves) ad deorum servant supplicia, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 10: tum supplicia dis ludique magni ab senatu decernuntur, Tac. A. 3, 64 Nipperd. ad loc.: vannos onustas aromatis et hujuscemodi suppliciis congerunt, App. M. 11, p. 265, 3; id. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 16, 5: supplicia veteres quaedam sacrificia a supplicando vocabant, Fest. pp. 308 and 309 Müll.
    2. B. Transf., out of the relig. sphere, an humble entreaty or petition, a supplication in gen. (very rare): Vagenses fatigati regis suppliciis, Sall. J. 66, 2: igitur legatos ad consulem cum suppliciis mittit, qui tantummodo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent, id. ib. 46, 2.
  2. II. To receive punishment; hence, punishment, penalty, torture, torment, pain, distress, suffering (class. and freq.; usu. of the penalty of death; syn. poena).
          1. (α) Sing.: dabitur pol supplicium mihi de tergo vestro, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 75 sq.; cf.: illi de me supplicium dabo, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 86; id. Eun. 1, 1, 24; Cat. 116, 8; Nep. Paus. 5, 5: de homine nobili virgis supplicium crudelissime sumere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91; 2, 5, 45, § 117: sumere (de aliquo), Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; id. Merc. 5, 4, 31; Ter. And. 3, 5, 17; Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 84; id. Rep. 3, 33, 45; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; Liv. 2, 5, 5; 3, 18, 10: aliquem hostibus ad supplicium dedere, Caes. B. G. 7, 26: aliquem tradi ad supplicium jubere, Tac. A. 11, 35: rapi, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 138: supplicio affici, to be put to death, Caes. B. G. 1, 27: ne ad ultimum supplicium progredi necesse habeant, to take their own lives, id. B. C. 1, 84: aliquem vinculis ac verberibus atque omni supplicio excruciatum necare, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11: summo cruciatu supplicioque perire, id. N. D. 3, 33, 81: gravissimum ei rei supplicium cum cruciatu constitutum est, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: talis improborum consensio supplicio omni vindicanda (est), Cic. Lael. 12, 43: satis supplicii tulisse, Caes. B. C. 1, 84: supplicio culpa reciditur, Hor. C. 3, 24, 34: suā manu supplicium persolvere, Tac. A. 6, 32 (26): luere, Just. 2, 5, 6; Tac. A. 15, 60: supplicium redimere opimā mercede, Amm. 26, 3, 4.
          2. (β) Plur.: ad exquisita supplicia proficisci, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: semper iis (improbis) ante oculos judicia et supplicia versentur, id. Rep. 3, 16, 26: ad innocentum supplicia descendunt, Caes. B. G. 6, 17: supplicia annua pendere, Plin. 29, 4, 14, § 57: subire, Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 12, 1: suppliciis delicta coërcere, Hor. S. 1, 3, 79: subplicia in post futuros conposuit, Sall. H. 1, 41, 6 Dietsch: domant impios saeva supplicia, Sen. Herc. Fur. 749: supplicia haurire, Verg. A. 4, 383.

supplĭco (subpl-), āvi, ātum, 1 (perf. subj. supplicassis, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; in tmesi: sub vos placo, Auct. ap. Fest. s. v. sub, p. 309, and s. v. ob, p. 190 Müll.), v. n. and a. [supplex], to kneel down or humble one’s self, to pray or beg humbly, to beseech, implore, supplicate (class.; cf.: oro, adoro, precor).

  1. I. In gen.
          1. (α) With dat.: cui irato supplicet, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 24: nec quoiquam supplico, id. Bacch. 2, 2, 47: ipsum hunc orabo: huic supplicabo, Ter. And. 2, 1, 12: is sibi me supplicaturum putat, id. Hec. 3, 5, 50: populo Romano supplicare, Cic. Planc. 20, 50: alicui summisse, id. ib. 5, 12: neque Caesari solum, sed etiam amicis ejus omnibus pro te libentissime supplicabo, id. Fam. 6, 14, 3; cf. id. ib. 6, 13, 2; id. Font. 15, 35 (11, 25): cum tot res sint, quae vestris animis supplicent, id. ib. 14, 31: supplicare indignis, Ov. M. 6, 367.
            Pass. impers.: ut, si tui nobis potestas saepius fieret, non multum Graecis supplicandum putarem, Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 75.
          2. (β) Absol.: supplicabo, exobsecrabo, ut quemque amicum videro, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 93: venire domum ad eum, precari, denique supplicare, Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40: precari ab indigno, supplicare, etc., id. Lael. 16, 57: nemo rem publicam imploravit, nemo supplicavit, id. de Or. 1, 53, 230: missitare supplicantes legatos, Sall J. 38, 1: Pompeiani querentes supplicavere, Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 21; Suet. Claud. 1.
          3. (γ) With acc. (ante- and post-class.): quod domi’st, numquam ulli supplicabo, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 48: sub vos placo, Auct. ap. Fest. l. l.: imperatores nostros, Dig. 28, 5, 92: contrarios, Amm. 30, 8, 10.
  2. II. In partic., to pray to or supplicate as a god; to pray, worship: vilica Lari familiari pro copia supplicet, Cato, R. R. 143, 2; cf. Plaut. Aul. prol. 24: in fano supplicare, id. Curc. 4, 2, 41: a dis supplicans invenire veniam sibi, id. Rud. prol. 26: per hostias diis supplicare, Sall. J. 63, 1: populus frequens iit supplicatum, Liv. 3, 63, 5; 10, 23, 2: circa fana deorum, id. 24, 23, 1: molā salsā supplicare, Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 83: sacrificio supplicari, Capitol. Max. 24.
    Impers. pass.: Metello venienti ture, quasi deo, supplicabatur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9: ut, cujus sepulcrum usquam exstet … ei publice supplicetur, Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13: supplicatum totā urbe est, Liv. 27, 23, 7: ture nec supplicabatur, Plin. 13, 1, 1, § 2.

supplĭcŭē (subpl-), adv. [supplex; prop. a kneeling down, either as a suppliant or to receive punishment], humbly, submissively (Appuleian): respondit, App. M. 9, p. 236, 2: gratiis persolutis, id. ib. 11, p. 269, 27.