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trĭbŭārĭus, a, um, adj. [tribus], of or belonging to a tribe or tribes: crimen sodalitiorum, i. e. a bribing of the tribes, Cic. Planc. 19, 47: res, id. ib. 15, 36.

trībŭla, ae, v. tribulum.

trībŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [tribulo], distress, trouble, tribulation (eccl. Lat.), Tert. adv. Jud. 11; Aug. in Psa. 125, 2; Hier. Ep. 108, 18.

trībŭlātus, a, um, adj. [tribulum], pointed, toothed like a threshing-sledge: falciculae, Pall. 1, 43, 8.

trĭbūlis, is, m. [tribus], one of the same tribe with another.

  1. I. Lit. (class.): tribulis tuus, Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 85; Cic. Planc. 19, 47; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47; id. Vatin. 15, 36; Liv. 2, 16, 5; Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 15 Orell. ad loc.
  2. II. In gen., one of the lower classes of the people, a common or poor person (rare), Mart. 9, 50, 7; 9, 58, 8.

trībŭlo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [tribulum].

  1. I. Lit., to press: Θλίβω tribulo, presso, premo. Gloss, Philox.; Cato. R. R. 23, 4.
  2. II. Trop., to oppress, afflict (eccl. Lat.): in omnibus tribulemur, Tert. adv. Gnost. 13 med.; Ambros. Serm. 22, n. 1; Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 11.

trībŭlōsus, a, um, adj. [tribulus].

  1. I. Lit., full of thorns or thistles (late Lat.): voragines viarum, Sid. Ep. 3, 2 fin.
  2. II. Trop., thorny, rough: opus, Sid. Ep. 4, 3.
    Sup.: tribulosissima dissimulatio, Sid. Ep. 1, 7 med.

trībŭlum (trīvŏl-), i, n. [tero], a threshing-sledge, consisting of a wooden platform studded underneath with sharp pieces of flint or with iron teeth, Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.; id. R. R. 1, 22, 1; 1, 52, 1; Plin. 18, 30, 72, § 298; Verg. G. 1, 164.
Collat. form trībŭla, ae, f., Col. 2, 20, 4; 1, 6, 23; 12, 52, 7; Vulg. 1 Par. 20, 3.

trĭbŭlus (trĭbŏl-), i, m., = τρίβολος, an instrument resting on three of its iron prongs, while a fourth projected upward, thrown on the ground to impede an enemy’s cavalry, a caltrop.

  1. I. Lit.: tribulos abjecerunt, Veg. Mil. 3, 24.
  2. II. Transf., from its resemblance in form.
    1. A. A kind of thorn or thistle, land-caltrops: Tribulus terrestris, Linn.; Verg. G. 1, 153; Ov. M. 13, 803; Plin. 21, 15, 54, § 91: spinae et tribuli, Vulg. Gen. 3, 18.
    2. B. A kind of water-plant bearing a prickly nut of a triangular form, water-chestnut, water-caltrops: Trapa natans, Linn.; Plin. 21, 16, 58, § 98.

trĭbūnal (moleste diligentibus permittamus et tribunale dicere, Quint. 1, 6, 17; yet trĭbūnāle is found Corp. Inscr. Lat. 206, 24), ālis, n. [tribunus].

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. A raised semicircular or square platform, on which the seats of magistrates were placed, a judgment-seat, tribunal (cf.: suggestus, sella): compleatur tribunal, Cic. Brut. 84, 290: popularis accessus ac tribunal, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 25: praetor tribunal suum juxta Trebonii praetoris urbani sellam collocavit, Caes. B. C. 3, 20; cf. Tac. A. 15, 29; Mart. 11, 98, 17: eum de tribunali deturbavit, Caes. B. C. 3, 21; Cic. Vatin. 9, 21: (praetor) palam de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat, Si quis, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94: quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit, id. ib. 2, 5, 7, § 16: pro tribunali agere aliquid, id. Fam. 3, 8, 21; cf. id. Pis. 5, 11: qui dicunt apud tribunalia, Quint. 11, 3, 134; cf. id. 11, 3, 156: laudatum ex quattuor tribu nalibus, id. 12, 5, 6: nobis in tribunali praetoris urbani sedentibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 37, 168: sedens pro tribunali, Liv. 39, 32, 11: Fulvius magnā circumfusus turbā ad tribunal consulis venit, id. 26, 22, 3; cf. Tac. A. 1, 75.
      2. 2. The elevation in the camp, from which the general addressed the soldiers or administered justice, Liv. 28, 27, 15; Tac. H. 3, 10; 4, 25; cf.: regium (sc. Porsenae), Liv. 2, 12, 6.
      3. 3. The seat of the prætor in the theatre, Suet. Aug. 44.
      4. 4. A tribunal erected as a monument to a deceased person of high rank: sepulcrum Antiochiae ubi crematus (Germanicus), tribunal Epidaphnae, quo in loco vitam finierat, Tac. A. 2, 83; Inscr. Orell. 4548.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a mound, dam, embankment: tribunalia structa manibus ad experimenta altissimi aestūs, Plin. 16, 1, 1, § 3.
    1. B. Of the persons who sit on a tribunal, the magistrates: omne forum quem spectat et omne tribunal, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 57.
  3. III. Trop., height, greatness: quid superest ad honoris mei tribunal et columen, ad laudis meae cumulum? App. Flor. p. 356, 16.

trĭbūnātus, ūs, m. [tribunus], the office and dignity of a tribune, the tribuneship: Cotta, qui tribunatum plebis petebat, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 25; id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; so of the office of a tribune of the people, id. Rep. 1, 19, 31; id. Lael. 12, 41; id. Leg. 3, 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 7, 24; id. Off. 2, 21, 73; id. Sest. 37, 79; id. Att. 11, 9, 1 al.; Liv. 2, 56, 2.
Of a military tribune: tribunatus commoda contemnere, Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1; 7, 5, 3; Plin. 7. 30, 31, § 113.

trĭbūnīcĭus or -tĭus, a, um, adj. [tribunus],

  1. I. of or belonging to a tribune, tribunitial: tribunicia potestas, Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 124; Caes. B. C. 1, 7; Flor. 3, 13, 1; Val. Max. 2, 9, 8: vis, Caes. B. C. 1, 7; Sall. H. 3, 61, 12 Dietsch; cf. seditiones, id. J. 37, 1: terrores, Cic. Fam. 2, 18, 3: procellae, Liv. 2, 1. mucro aliqui, Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 21: comitia, for the election of tribunes of the people, id. Att. 1, 1. 1; cf. candidati, id. Q. Fr. 2, 15. b, 4: leges, proposed by the tribunes of the people, id. Agr. 2, 8, 21: auxilium, Val. Max. 6, 1, 7: furor, id. 6, 2, 3: equites Romanos in tribunicium restituit honorem, i. e. of military tribunes, Caes. B. C. 1, 77.
  2. II. Subst.: trĭbūnīcĭus, ii, m., one that has been a tribune, an ex-tribune: qui aedilicii, qui tribunicii, qui quaestorii, Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 30; Liv. 3, 35, 5: INTER TRIBVNICIOS RELATO, i. e. presented with the title of tribune, Inscr. Orell. 3146.

trĭbūnus, i, m. [tribus, prop. the chief of a tribe; hence, in gen.], a chieftain, commander, tribune.

  1. I. Tribuni aerarii, paymasters, who assisted the quaestors, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 10, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 181 Müll.; Fest. p. 2 ib.; called also tribuni aeris, Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31. By the Lex Aurelia these tribuni aerarii were made judges on the part of the people: (Milonem) tribuni aerarii condemnarunt, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 6; id. Cat. 4, 7, 15: a tribunis aerariis absolutus, id. ib. 2, 16, 3; cf. in a pun with aerati (rich), id. Att. 1, 16, 8. This judicial office was taken from them by Julius Cæsar, Suet. Caes. 41.
  2. II. Tribuni Celerum, captains or commanders of the Celeres, Liv. 1, 59, 7; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 15; Weissenb. ad Liv. 1, 15, 8.
  3. III. Tribuni militares or militum, tribunes of the soldiers, military tribunes; these were officers of the army, six to each legion, who commanded in turn, each two months at a time: qui M. Aemilio legati et praefecti et tribuni militares fuerunt, Cic. Clu. 36, 99; so, militares, Plin. 34, 3, 6, § 11; cf. in sing.: cum tribunus militaris depugnavi apud Thermopylas, Cic. Sen. 10, 32: a tribunis militum, praefectis reliquisque, qui, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so, militum, id. ib. 3, 7; cf. in sing.: tribunus militum, id. ib. 3, 5; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: tribuni cohortium, Caes. B. C. 2, 20.
    Sing.: Stilonius Priscus qui tribunus cohortis, sub Classico fuerat, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 18; cf.: tribunus minor, Veg. Mil. 2, 7; and tribunus legionis, Val. Max. 3, 2, 20.
  4. IV. Tribuni militum consulari potestate, military tribunes with consular power; these were the highest officers of the State from A.U.C. 310 to A.U.C. 388. They were chosen from the patrician and plebeian orders, and were at first three, then six, and, after the year 352, eight in number, Liv. 4, 6, 8; 4, 7, 1; 5, 1, 2; called tribuni consulares, id. 8, 33; Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 136 sq.
  5. V. Tribuni plebis, and more freq. simply tribuni, tribunes of the people, whose office it was to defend the rights and interests of the Roman plebeians against the encroachments of the patricians, Liv. 2, 33, 2; 2, 56, 3 sq.; Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58 sq.; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16; cf. Becker, Antiq. 2, 2, p. 247 sq.; Lange, Antiq. 1, 1, p. 592 sq., and the authorities cited by both.

trĭbŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [tribus], to assign, impart, allot, bestow, give, etc. (syn.: do, dono, largior).

  1. I. Lit.: ut ei plurimum tribuamus, a quo plurimum deligimur, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 47: in tribuendo suum cuique, id. ib. 1, 5, 14: si uni omnia tribuenda sint, id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52: praemia alicui, Caes. B. C. 3, 4; 2, 21; Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: cujus sceleribus tanta praemia tribuistis, Sall. H. 1, 18, 4 Dietsch: dona nulli, Ov. M. 9, 402; Phaedr. 1, 5, 8: beneficia, Nep. Att. 11, 5: pretium aedium Aurelio, Tac. A. 1, 75: pecunias ex modo detrimenti, to deal out, allot, id. ib. 4, 64.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to grant, give, show, pay, render: misericordiam fortissimo viro, Cic. Mil. 34, 92; so, veniam alicui, Tac. A. 12, 40: inventoribus gratiam, Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13: silentium orationi alicujus, id. Cael. 12, 29: quod tantum dignitatis civitati Aeduae tribuerat, Caes. B. G. 5, 7; cf.: sibi honorem, id. ib. 7, 20: mulieri honorem, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: tibi turis honorem, Ov. M. 14, 128: vocabula monti, id. ib. 14, 621: salutem mihi, id. H. 15 (16), 2: parem voluntatem paribus beneficiis, Caes. B. C. 1, 35: pacem terris, Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 44; Luc. 4, 358 et saep.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Pregn., to grant, yield, give up, concede, allow something to a person or thing (syn. concedo): si sit quispiam, qui aliquid tribuat voluptati, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 106: valetudini aliquid, id. Tusc. 1, 49, 119: observantiam officio, non timori neque spei, Nep. Att. 6, 5: hoc matris precibus, Ov. A. A. 1, 689: aliquid rei publicae et amicitiae, Caes. B. G. 6, 1: ego tantum tibi tribuo, quantum mihi fortasse arrogo, I yield or concede as much to you, have as high an opinion of you, Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2: cum senatus impediretur quo minus, id quod hostibus semper erat tributum, responsum equitibus Romanis redderetur, id. Planc. 14, 34; cf.: gratissimum mihi feceris, si huic commendationi meae tantum tribueris quantum cui tribuisti plurimum, id. ib. 13, 22, 2; and: nusquam tantum tribuitur aetati (quam Lacedaemone), id. Sen. 18, 63: mihi tribuebat omnia, gave me the preference in all things, deferred in every thing to me, id. Brut. 51, 190.
        Absol.: cum universo ordini publicanorum semper libentissime tribuerim, Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 2: quos ne nominatim tradam, majoribus eorum tribuendum puto, Tac. A. 14, 14 fin.: tribus in generibus rerum versari rhetoris officium … demonstrativum est, quod tribuitur in alicujus certae personae laudem aut vituperationem, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 7.
      2. 2. To ascribe, assign, attribute a thing to a person or thing as the cause: aliquid virtuti hostium, Caes. B. G. 7, 53: aliquid juri potius quam suae culpae, id. B. C. 3, 73: id tribuite vestrae culpae, Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48: aliquid ignaviae, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3: miseriae nostrae potius quam inconstantiae tribuere quod, etc., id. Att. 3, 4 init.
      3. 3. To set store by, with magnopere, multum, etc., to make much of: quibus ille secundum fratrem plurimum tribuebat, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 12: ne ob eam rem suae magnopere virtuti tribueret, Caes. B. G. 1, 13.
      4. 4. To divide, distribute (syn. dispertio): rem universam in partes, Cic. Brut. 41, 152; id. Or. 4, 16: secundus (locus) in tempora tribuitur, id. Inv. 1, 55, 107: omnem vim loquendi in duas partes, id. Fin. 2, 6, 17.
      5. 5. Of time, to bestow or spend upon, devote to a thing: comitiis omnibus perficiundis XI. dies tribuit, Caes. B. C. 3, 2: his rebus tantum temporis tribuit, id. ib. 3, 78: reliqua tempora litteris, Nep. Att. 4, 3; id. Hann. 13, 2.
        Hence, trĭbūtum, i, n., a stated payment, a contribution, tribute.
    1. A. Lit. (class.): in capita singula servorum et liberorum tributum imponebatur, Caes. B. C. 3, 32: a se intolerabilia tributa exigi, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 3: omnes Siculi ex censu quotannis tributa conferunt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 131: tributa pendere, Caes. B. G. 6, 14: ceram in tributa praestare, Plin. 21, 13, 45, § 77: civitates tributis liberare, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 2: tributo populo indicto, Liv. 4, 60, 4: imperare, id. 23, 31, 1; 23, 48, 8; Tac. A. 2, 47; 4, 71; id. G. 43; Mart. 7, 54, 8; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8; 8, 3, 3.
      In the ante-class. collat. form trĭbūtus, i, m.: cum tributus exigeretur, Cato ap. Non. 229, 11: tributus cum imperatus est, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 43 sq.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. A contribution made for any private purpose (jurid. Lat.), Dig. 14, 2, 2; 14, 2, 4; 14, 4, 5.
      2. 2. A gift, present (poet.): Saturnalicium, Mart. 10, 17, 1: praestare tributa clientes cogimur, Juv. 3, 188; Stat. S. 1, 4, 86.

trĭbus, ūs (dat. and abl. plur.: tribubus, Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16; Liv. 5, 18, 2; 23, 12, 16, etc.; but trebibos, Ephem. Epigr. 2, 208, n. 299; never tribibus; cf. Serv. ad Verg. G. 3, 376, and v., in gen., Neue, Formenl. 1, 361 sqq.), f. [tri-; root in tres (dat. tribus) and bhū; Gr. φυ- in φυλή; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 163], orig. a third part of the Roman people; as their numbers increased it came to mean,

  1. I. Lit., a division of the people, a tribe (the number of these tribes finally increased to thirty-five, of which thirty-one were rusticae tribus or country tribes, and four urbanae tribus or city tribes; the following are the names of the tribes, the city tribes being printed in Italics, viz.: Aemilia, Aniensis, Arniensis, Claudia, Collina, Cornelia, Crustumina, Esquilina, Fabia, Falerina, Galesia, Horatia, Lemonia, Maecia, Menenia, Oufentina, Palatina, Papiria, Pollia, Pomptina, Popilia, Pupinia, Quirina, Romilia, Sabatina, Scaptia, Sergia, Stellatina, Suburana, Terentina, Tromentina, Veientina, Velina, Veturia, Voltinia. Some of these names are the same as the names of Roman gentes, and others are derived from the names of places where these tribes at first resided), Varr. L. L. 4, 9, 17; Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14; Liv. 1, 36, 7; 8, 37, 12; 9, 46, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.; id. Epit. 19; Col. 5, 1, 7; Val. Max. 7, 1, 2; 9, 10, 1; cf. Niebuhr, Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 426 sq.; and see the names of these tribes in Inscr. Orell. II. pp. 11-28 and 147: inventum tamen esse fortem amicum ex eādem familia Q. Verrem Romilia, of the Romilian tribe, Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 23; cf. Ser. Sulpicius, Q. F. Lemonia, Rufus, id. Phil. 9, 7, 15: L. AVRELIVS L. FIL. CAMILIA FIRMVS, etc., Inscr. Orell. 3070: Africanus censor tribu movebat eum centurionem, qui in Pauli pugna non affuerat, removed, expelled from the tribe, Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 272; so, tribu movere aliquem, id. Clu. 43, 122; Liv. 45, 15, 4; 4, 24, 7; 24, 18, 6; 45, 15, 4; Val. Max. 2, 4, 4: urbanae (tribus) in quas transferri ignominia esset, desidiae probro, Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 13: populus in tribus convocatus, Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44: ea multitudo tribus circuit, genibus se omnium advolvens, Liv. 8, 37, 9.
    1. B. Trop., comicè: grammaticas ambire tribus, to canvass the Grammarian tribe, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 40.
  2. II. Transf.
      1. 1. Of Macedonians: satellites illi ex tribu suā legunt, Just. 13, 3, 1 (al. turbā).
      2. 2. In gen., the commonalty, the mass, mob, poor people, Mart. 8, 15, 4; Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 54: equitem imitatae tribus, Flor. 2, 6, 25.
        Prov.: sine tribu, without rank or position: homo sine tribu, sine nomine, Flor. 3, 13, 1.

trĭbūtārĭus, a, um, adj. [tributum], of or belonging to tribute: necessitas, of paying tribute, Just. 32, 2, 1: solum, subject to tribute, tributary, Plin. 12, 1, 3, § 6; so, praedia tributaria sunt ea, quae in his provinciis sunt, quae propriae Caesaris esse creduntur (opp. stipendiaria), Gai. Inst. 2, 21: civitates, Just. 1, 7, 2: Thraces Macedonum, Flor. 3, 4, 1: tributarius Gallus quidam, Suet. Aug. 40: causa, concerning tribute, Dig. 49, 14, 46: tabellae, letters of credit, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 148.

trĭbūtim, adv. [tribus], through each tribe, tribe by tribe, by tribes: tributim et centuriatim descriptis ordinibus, Cic. Fl. 7, 15: legem centuriatis comitiis tulere, ut quod tributim plebes jussisset, populum teneret, i. e. in the comitia tributa, Liv. 3, 55, 3; cf. id. 7, 16, 7: nummis tributim divisis, Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1: spectacula tributim data, id. Mur. 34, 72; cf. id. ib. 32, 67: arripuit populum tributim, Hor. S. 2, 1, 69.

trĭbūtĭo, ōnis, f. [tribuo].

  1. I. A dividing, distributing, distribution (very rare): hanc ἰσονομίαν appellat Epicurus, id est aequabilem tributionem, * Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 50: tributio fit pro ratā ejus, quod cuique debetur, Dig. 14, 4, 5 fin.
  2. II. A contributing, paying of tribute, Dig. 2, 14, 52; 50, 4, 18.

* trĭbūtor, ōris, m. [tribuo], a giver, imparter: tributor omnium, App. Trism. p. 92, 27.

trĭbūtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [tribuo], of or concerning payment (jurid. Lat.): tributoria actio, Dig. 14, tit. 4.

trĭbūtum, i, n., v. tribuo fin.

1. trĭbūtus, a, um, Part. of tribuo.

2. trĭbūtus, a, um, adj. [tribus], formed or arranged into tribes: comitia, Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27, 4; Liv. 2, 60, 4 sq.; 2, 56, 2 sq.; v. comitium.

3. trĭbūtus, i, v. tributum, under tribuo fin.

Tritannus or Tributanus, i, m., a gladiator famous for his bodily strength, Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 81; Lucil. ap. Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9.