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Valdăsus, i, m., a river in Pannonia, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 148.

valdē, adv., v. validus fin. B.

vălē, v. valeo, I. B. 2. b.

vălĕ-dīco, ĕre, v. n.; more freq. separately, vălĕ dĭco, v. valeo, I. B. d. ε.

1. Vălens, entis, m.,

  1. I. the father of the third Mercury, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 56.
  2. II. A Roman emperor, brother and colleague of Valentinian, Cod. Th. 11, 28, 9.
  3. III. A nobleman of Cremona, Tac. A. 2, 67; 2, 70.

2. vălens, entis, Part. and P. a. of valeo.

vălenter, adv., v. valeo, P. a. fin.

1. vălentĭa, ae, f. [valens, from valeo], bodily strength, vigor (ante- and post-class.): sapientia gubernator navem torquet, non valentia, Titin. ap. Non. 186, 25; Naev. ib.; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 14 med.; Tert. adv. Jud. 9.

  1. B. Capacity, endowment: ultra communem hominum valentiam perspicaces, Boëth. Cons. Phil. 1.

2. Vălentĭa, ae, f., the name of several towns.

  1. I. A town of the Editani, in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Valencia, Mel. 2, 6, 6; Sall. H. 2, 18 al.
  2. II. A town of Gallia Narbonensis, now Valence, Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.
  3. III. Vibo Valentia (called also simply Vibo or Vibon), a town in the territory of the Bruttii, now Monteleone, Mel. 2, 4, 9.
    Hence. Vălentīni, ōrum, m., the inhabitants of Valentia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 40.
  4. IV. A name given to the southern part of Scotland, in honor of the emperor Valentinian, Amm. 28, 3, 7.
  5. V. A translation of Gr. Ῥώμη, an ancient name of Rome, Sol. 1.

Vălentīnĭāni, ōrum, m., a sect of heretics in the second century, against whom Tertullian wrote a book. They were named from Valentius, Tert. adv. Val. 2; Lact. 4, 30, 10; Cod. Th. 10, 5, 65,§ 2.

* vălentŭlus, a, um, adj. dim. [valens, from valeo], strong, stout: ut valentual est! Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 26.

vălĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. n. [kindr. with Sanscr. bála, vis, robur, balishtas, fortissimus; cf. debilis], to be strong.

  1. I. Lit., of physical strength, vigor, or health.
    1. A. In gen., to be strong, stout, or vigorous, to have strength (cf.: polleo, vigeo).
      1. 1. Absol.: verum illi valent, qui vi luctantur cum leonibus, Pomp. ap. Non. 112, 4 (Com. Rel. v. 176 Rib.): puer ille (Hercules recens natus) ut magnus est et multum valet! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 51: plus potest, qui plus valet: Vir erat; plus valebat, id. Truc. 4, 3, 38 sq.: sanus homo, qui bene valet, Cels. 1, 1 init.: si magis valet, id. 3, 18: si satis valet (= si satis validae vires sunt, just before), id. 4, 7 init.: prout nervi valent, id. 8, 16.
        Of plants: vitem novellam resecari tum erit tempus ubi valebit, Cato, R. R. 33, 3 sq.
      2. 2. To be strong in or for something, to have the power or strength, be in condition to do something, etc.
        1. a. Of personal subjects, etc.
          1. (α) With ad and acc.: alios videmus velocitate ad cursum, alios viribus ad luctandum valere, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 107.
          2. (β) With inf.: manibus pedibusque morbo distortissimis, ut neque calceum perpeti nec libellos evolvere valeret, Suet. Galb. 21: mustela cum mures veloces non valeret assequi, Phaedr. 4, 1, 10: valet ima summis Mutare deus, Hor. C. 1, 34, 12; cf. II. B. 2. h. infra; cf.: illud mirari mitte, quod non valet e lapide hoc alias impellere res, Lucr. 6, 1057: versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri (sc. ferre), Hor. A. P. 40: nec valuere manus infixum educere telum, Ov. M. 13, 393; 12, 101; Col. 6, 25 fin.
        2. b. Of remedies or medicines, to be efficacious, be good for any thing; with ad and acc.: fimum potum ad dysentericos valet, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 105.
          With contra: cimices valent contra serpentium morsus, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.
          With eodem: id quoque collyrium eodem valet, Cels. 6, 6, 21.
          With pro: ruta per se pro antidoto valet, Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 132.
          With abl.: dictamnus valet potu et illitu et suffitu, Plin. 26, 15, 90, § 153.
          With inf.: sandaracha valet purgare, sistere, excalfacere, perrodere, Plin. 34, 18, 55, § 177.
        3. c. Of sounds: cum C ac similiter G non valuerunt, in T ac D molliuntur, i. e. were not pronounced strongly, Quint. 1, 11, 5.
    2. B. Esp., in respect of the natural condition of the body, to be well in health, to be in a sound or healthy condition, to be healthy, hale, hearty.
        1. a. In gen.
          1. (α) Absol.: equidem valeo recte et salvus sum, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 36: perpetuon’ valuisti? id. Ep. 1, 1, 15; 1, 1, 18: valen’? Valuistin? valeo et valui rectius, id. Trin. 1, 2, 12 sq.: facile omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, Ter. And. 2, 1, 9: dicit vilicus servos non valuisse, Cato, R. R. 2, 3 sq.; 5, 6: boves ut recte valeant, id. ib. 103: optime valere et gravissime aegrotare, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 43; 4, 25, 69: cura est, ut valeat, Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 4: ego valeo recte et rem gero, id. Pers. 2, 3, 34: te recte valere operamque dare, ut cottidie melius, Cic. Fam. 11, 24, 1: deterius quam soleo, Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 1: commode, Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11: Ni. Benene usque valuit? Chr. Pancratice atque athletice, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 14: minus valere … melius valere, Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1: nam matri oculi si valerent, mecum venisset simul, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 8.
          2. (β) With abl.: si corpore valuisset, Cic. Brut. 20, 77: nec melius valeo quam corpore, mente, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; cf. Sall. J. 11, 5: pedibus, Nep. Phoc. 4, 1: stomacho, Juv. 6, 100.
          3. (γ) With ab and abl.: ab oculis, Gell. 13, 30, 10: a morbo, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26; and facetiously: Me. Ain tu te valere? Eu. Pol ego haud a pecuniā perbene, as to money, not very well, id. Aul. 2, 2, 9.
        2. b. Esp., at the commencement of letters (very freq.), si vales, bene est, and abbreviated S. V. B. E.; and, more fully, with the addition ego or equidem valeo (abbrev. E. V. or E. Q. V.), Cic. Fam. 13, 6; 14, 11; 14, 16; 14, 17; 14, 21; 14, 22; 14, 23; 14, 24; 15, 1; 15, 2; Metell. ib. 5, 1; Vatin. ib. 5, 9; Luccei. ib. 5, 14 al.; cf.: mos antiquis fuit usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales bene est, Sen. Ep. 15, 1; so too: S. V. G. V. (si vales, gaudeo, valeo) et Tullia nostra recte V. Terentia minus belle habuit: sed certum scio jam convaluisse eam, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1.
        3. c. Rarely impers. pass.: quid agitur, Sagaristio? ut valetur? Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 8.
        4. d. Vale or valeas, in leave-taking, farewell, adieu (cf.: salve, ave).
          1. (α) In gen.: Di. Valeas. Ph. Vale, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 79: Ar. Vale. Ph. Quo properas? Ar. Bene vale, id. As. 3, 3, 16; id. Mil. 4, 8, 51: bene vale, Alcumena, id. Am. 1, 3, 1: vale atque salve, id. Capt. 3, 5, 86; id. Curc. 4, 2, 36: vale atque salve. Th. Male vale, male sit tibi, id. ib. 4, 4, 32; v. salvus: Ly. Ad portum propero. De. Bene ambulato. Ly. Bene valeto. De. Bene sit tibi, id. Merc. 2, 2, 55: bene valete et vivite, id. Mil. 4, 8, 30: ite intro cito: valete, id. As. 3, 3, 155: abeo: valete, judices justissimi, id. Capt. prol. 67: vos valete et plaudite, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 64: in hoc biduom vale, id. ib. 1, 2, 110: vive valeque, Hor. S. 2, 5, 110.
            Before a vowel, scanned vălĕ: et longum, Formose valē, valē, inquit Iolla, Verg. E. 3, 79; Ov. M. 3, 501.
          2. (β) At the conclusion of letters: Vale, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 3; 6, 21, 3; 4, 8, 2; Luccei. ib. 5, 14, 3: cura ut valeas, Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; 7, 20, 3; rarely bene vale, Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8; Cur. ib. 7, 29, 2; cf.: tu me diligis et valebis, Cic. ib. 9, 22, 5; 15, 18, 2: fac valeas meque mutuo diligas, Planc. ib. 10, 7, 2; Mat. ib. 11, 28, 8.
          3. (γ) Also in bidding farewell to the dead: salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale, Verg. A. 11, 97; Stat. S. 3, 3, 208; cf. Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. l. l.; v. salvus: in perpetuom, frater, ave atque vale, Cat. 101, 10: terque, Vale, dixit, Ov. F. 3, 563: supremumque vale … dixit, id. M. 10, 62.
          4. (δ) As an expression of dismission, refusal, or scorn, be off, begone: valeas, tibi habeas res tuas, reddas meas, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 46: immo habeat, valeat, vivat cum illā, Ter. And. 5, 3, 18: valeas, habeas illam quae placet, id. Ad. 4, 4, 14: si talis est deus, ut nullā hominum caritate teneatur, valeat, good-by to him, let me have nothing to do with him, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 124: valeat res ludicra, si me Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180: valeant, Qui inter nos discidium volunt, away with those, etc., Ter. And. 4, 2, 13: quare ista valeant: me res familiaris movet, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 5: castra peto, valeatque Venus, valeantque puellae, farewell to Venus, etc., Tib. 2, 6, 9: valete curae, Petr. 79; cf. Cat. 8, 12; 11, 17; Ov. Am. 1, 6, 71 sqq.
            (ε) With valere jubere or dicere (sometimes as one word, vălĕdīco, ĕre, 3, v. n.), to bid one good-by, farewell, adieu: illum salutavi: post etiam jussi valere, Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2: vix illud potui dicere triste vale, Ov. H. 13, 14: saepe vale dicto rursus sum multa locutus, id. Tr. 1, 3, 57: tibi valedicere non licet gratis, Sen. Ep. 17, 11; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 1, 3, 1: obstinatissime retinuit, ut liberti servique bis die frequentes adessent ac mane salvere, vesperi valere sibi singuli dicerent, Suet. Galb. 4 fin.; id. Aug. 53; id. Tib. 72.
            So (late Lat.): vale facere (or valefacere), August. Ep. 65; App. M. 4, p. 150, 24.
  2. II. Transf., to have power, force, or influence; to be powerful, effective, valid; to avail, prevail, be strong, effective, etc.
    1. A. In gen.: fiet enim quodcunque volent, qui valebunt: valebunt autem semper arma, will always have the power, Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 1: fuit enim populi potestas: de civitate ne tam diu quidem valuit quam diu illa Sullani temporis arma valuerunt, id. Dom. 30, 79: dicitur C. Flaminius ad populum valuisse dicendo, id. Brut. 14, 57: tribunus plebis tulit … ut lex Aelia et Fufia ne valeret, id. Red. in Sen. 5, 11: in more majorum, qui tum ut lex valebat, id. Leg. 2, 10, 23: valuit auctoritas, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53: verba si valent, id. Caecin. 21, 61: (ejus) valet opinio tarditatis, is established, id. de Or. 1, 27, 125: si conjuratio valuisset, id. ib. 17, 7: cujus ratio non valuit, Nep. Milt. 3, 7: jus tamen gentium valuit, Liv. 2, 4, 7: praetor … ratus repentinum valiturum terrorem, succedit, etc., id. 44, 31, 6: et vestrae valuere preces, Ov. M. 13, 89; id. P. 3, 3, 92; id. Ib. 241.
    2. B. Esp.
      1. 1. With respect to the source, character, or mode of exercise of the strength ascribed to the subject.
        1. a. With abl.: non metuo mihi … Dum quidem hoc valebit pectus perfidiā meum, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 50: reliqui duo sic exaequantur, ut Domitius valeat amicis, Memmius commendetur militibus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6 (17, 2): multa sanxit quae omnia magistratuum auctoritate et Halaesinorum summā voluntate valuerunt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122: ita istam libertatem largior populo, ut auctoritate et valeant et utantur boni, id. Leg. 3, 17, 38: quae (voluntas militum) cum per se valet multitudine, id. Mur. 18, 38: parum valent (Graeci) verbo, i. e. have no precise word, id. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: qui aut gratiā aut misericordiā valerent, Caes. B. C. 2, 44: dicendo, Nep. Ages. 1, 2: qui pedum cursu valet, Verg. A. 5, 67; Quint. 9, 2, 78: Battiades … Quamvis ingenio non valet, arte valet, Ov. Am. 1, 15, 14: plerique plus ingenio quam arte valuerunt, Quint. 1, 8, 8: rogando, Ov. M. 2, 183: subtilitate vincimur, valeamus pondere, Quint. 12, 11, 8.
        2. b. With in and abl.: Sp. Thorius satis valuit in populari genere dicendi, Cic. Brut. 36, 136: quid facilius est quam probari in uno servulo nomen familiae non valere, id. Caecin. 19, 55: in his maxime valet similitudo, Quint. 6, 3, 57: mire in causis valet praesumptio, id. 9, 2, 16: (digitus) in exprobrando et indicando valet, id. 11, 3, 94.
      2. 2. With some definite end expressed, upon or towards which influence or power is exercised or directed, to be strong enough for, adequate to, or capable of any thing, to be able to do, to have force or efficacy, to be effectual, to avail, to be applicable.
        1. a. With in and acc.: hoc evenit, ut in volgus insipientium opinio valeat honestatis, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 63: quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet, id. Leg. 1, 10, 29; cf. id. Div. 2, 56, 116: cum illud verbum unde in utramque rem valeat, id. Caecin. 31, 89: num etiam in deos inmortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv 7, 6, 11: utrumque hoc genus semel injectum in L. annos valet et frugum et pabuli ubertate, Plin. 17, 7, 4, § 44: etiamsi in utramque partem valent arma facundiae, Quint. 2, 16, 10: hoc etiam in praeteritum valet, id. 9, 2, 20; cf.: cum … idque in omnis partis valeret, Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2.
        2. b. With eo: oratio me cohortabatur, ut, etc. … quod eo, credo, valebat, ut caerimonias religionesque defenderem, the force or point of which was, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 2, 5: id responsum quo valeat, cum intellegeret nemo, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. II. B. 3. ι, infra.
        3. c. With ad and acc. of thing: tu non solum ad neglegendas leges … verum etiam ad evertendas valuisti, Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 18: astrorum affectio valeat, si vis, ad quasdam res; ad omnis certe non valebit, id. Fat. 4, 8: illud perficiam ut invidia mihi valeat ad gloriam, id. Cat. 3, 12, 29: vitae adjuncta esse dicebant, quae ad virtutis usum valerent, id. Ac. 1, 5, 21: ista quaestura ad eam rem valet, ut, etc., id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 62: neque, quod Samnites … amici vobis facti sunt, ad id valere arbitror, ne nos in amicitiam accipiamur, Liv. 7, 30, 4: eadem fictio valet et ad qualitates, Quint. 5, 10, 99; cf. II. B. 3. infra.
        4. d. With apud or ad and acc. of person influenced, etc.
          1. (α) With apud: ibit ad illud ilico, Quo maxume apud te se valere sentiat, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 79: non quin eam (commendationem) valituram apud te arbitrarer, Cic. Fam. 13, 16, 3: apud te veritas valebit, id. Quint. 1, 5: sed haec eadem nunc censes apud eos ipsos valere, a quibus … conscripta sunt? id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11: magnis meritis apud regem … valebat, Nep. Con. 3, 1: jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam naturā valebat, Sall. C. 9, 1: apud magnam partem senatūs et magnitudine rerum gestarum valebat et gratiā, Liv. 31, 48, 1: apud nos valeant ea, quae apud judices valere volumus, Quint. 6, 2, 28.
          2. (β) With ad: dicitur enim C. Flaminius … ad populum valuisse dicendo, Cic. Brut. 14, 57: clementiae fama … ad ferociores jam populos valuit, Liv. 21, 6, 4: metus ad omnis valuit, ne deditionem recusarent, id. 38, 28, 6.
        5. e. With contra and acc.: hoc nonne videtur contra te valere? Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 86: quae valeant contra falsam criminationem, id. de Or. 2, 79, 321: ne quid esset … quod contra caput suum aut existimationem valere posset, id. Verr. 2, 2, 71, § 173: ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8: cum pro falsis contra veritatem (rhetorice) valet, Quint. 2, 16, 2; cf. f. infra.
        6. f. With pro and abl.: multa in adversos effudit verba penates Pro deplorato non valitura viro, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 46: epitheton valet pro nomine, Quint. 8, 6, 29; cf. I. A. 2, b. supra.
        7. g. With dat. gerund. (post-class. and rare): nam et augendae rei et minuendae valet (particula), Gell. 5, 12, 10.
        8. h. With inf. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.): nam si certam finem esse viderent Aerumnarum homines, aliquā ratione valerent Religionibus … obsistere, Lucr. 1, 108: hanc ob rem vitam retinere valemus, id. 3, 257: nec continere suos ab direptione castrorum valuit, Liv. 38, 23, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.: quam (urbem) neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi, Hor. Epod. 16, 3: cetera … adeo sunt multa, loquacem Delassare valent Fabium, id. S. 1, 1, 13; id. C. 4, 7, 27: nec valuit locos coeptos avertere cursus, Tib. 4, 1, 55: qui relicti erant … ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt, Curt. 3, 4, 5: neque ex eo infamiam discutere valuit, Suet. Caes. 79.
          With things as subj.: ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet, Hor. A. P. 305; cf. I. A. 2. β, supra.
          Esp.,
      3. 3. With adverbial qualifications expressing the degree of power or influence exerted, etc.; very freq. with accs- multum, plus, plurimum, parum, minus, minimum, nihil, tantum, quantum, quid, id, idem, quiddam, quidquam, quidquid, etc.
          1. (α) Edepol, Cupido, cum tu tam pusillu’s, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. 421, 25 (Com. Rel. v. 55 Rib.): plus potest qui plus valet, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38: neque ita inperita (sum), ut quid amor valeat nesciam, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 42.
            So absol.: nam opulenti cum locuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 230 Vahl.): ignari quid gravitas … quid denique virtus valeret, Cic. Sest. 28, 60: illa obnuntiatio nihil valuit, aut, si valuit, id valuit, ut, etc., id. Div. 1, 16, 30: omnia veniebant Antonio in mentem; eaque suo quaeque loco, ubi plurimum proficere et valere possent … collocabantur, id. Brut. 37, 139: cur minus Venena Medaeae valent? Hor. Epod. 5. 62.
          2. (β) With abl.: quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis plus vales, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 240; cf. v. 234: quicquid possunt, pedestribus valent copiis, Caes. B. G. 2, 17: qui plus opibus, armis, potentiā valent, perfecisse mihi videntur … ut etiam auctoritate jam plus valerent, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: quasi vero ego … in isto genere omnino quidquam aut curatione aut potestate valuissem, id. Dom. 6, 14: Ti. Coruncanium longe plurimum ingenio valuisse, id. Brut. 14, 55: quantum gratiā, auctoritate, pecuniā valerent, Caes. B. G. 7, 63: Caesar multum equitatu valebat, id. B. C. 1, 61: cum tantum equitatu valeamus, id. ib. 3, 86: equitatu plurimum valere, id. B. G. 3, 20; Nep. Alcib. 8, 2.
          3. (γ) With in and abl.: nihil putas valere in judiciis conjecturam, nihil suspitionem, nihil ante actae vitae existimationem, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 146: hic multum in Fabiā (tribu) valet, ille Velinā, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 52.
          4. (δ) With ad and acc.: multum valuisse ad patris honorem pietas filii videbitur, Cic. Phil. 9, 5, 12: ex quo intellegitur, plus terrarum situs, quam lunae tractus, ad nascendum valere, id. Div. 2, 46, 97: valet igitur multum ad vincendum probari mores eorum, qui agent causas, id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: ad subeundem periculum et ad vitandum multum fortuna valuit, Caes. B. G. 6, 30: genus ad probandam speciem minimum valet, Quint. 5, 10, 56.
            (ε) With apud and acc. of pers., to have influence, be influential, have weight with, influence: apud quem (Caesarem) quicquid valebo vel auctoritate, vel gratiā, valebo tibi, Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 13: utrum apud eos pudor atque officium, an timor plus valeret, Caes. B. G. 1, 40: tantum apud homines barbaros valuit, esse repertos aliquos principes belli inferendi, id. ib. 5, 54: potestis constituere, hanc auctoritatem quantum apud exteras nationes valituram esse existimetis, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 46: non modo praemiis, quae apud me minimum valent, sed ne periculis quidem conpulsus ullis, id. Fam. 1, 9, 11: facinus esse indignum, plus impudicissimae mulieris apud te de Cleomenis salute quam de suā vitā lacrimas matris valere, id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112: apud quem ut multum gratiā valeret, effecit, Nep. Con. 2, 1.
            (ζ) With contra: cur desperemus veritatem contra fallacem facundiam valituram? prevail, Lact. Opif. Dei, 20, 5; cf. Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8, II. B. 2, e. supra.
            (η) With pro: pro periculo magis quam contra salutem valere, Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; cf.: quod minus multitudine militum legionariorum pro hostium numero valebat, Caes. B. G. 1, 51.
            (θ) With inter: plurimum inter eos Bellovacos et virtute, et auctoritate, et hominum numero valere, Caes. B. G. 2, 4.
            (ι) With adv. of pur pose: hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad de pugnandum omnes cogerentur, Nep. Them. 4, 4: non tamen hoc eo valet, ut fugien dae sint magnae scholae, Quint. 1, 2, 16: nescis quo valeat nummus, quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73; cf. II. B. 2. b. supra.
    3. C. Idiomatic uses.
      1. 1. Of money value, to be of the value of, be worth: denarii, quod denos aeris valebant; quinarii, quod quinos, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: dum pro argenteis decem aureus unus valeret, Liv. 38, 11, 8: ita ut scrupulum valeret sestertiis vicenis, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47: si haec praedia valeant nunc decem, Dig. 24, 1, 7, § 4: quasi minimo valeret hereditas, ib. 19, 1, 13: quanti omnibus valet (servus), ib. 9, 2, 33; 5, 3, 25, § 1.
      2. 2. Of the signification of words, sentences, etc.; like the Gr. δύνασθαι, to mean, signify, import: quaerimus verbum Latinum par Graeco et quod idem valeat, Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13: non usquam id quidem dicit omnino; sed quae dicit, idem valent, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 24: quamquam vocabula prope idem valere videantur, id. Top. 8, 34: hoc verbum quid valeat, non vident, id. Off. 3, 9, 39: cui nomen Becco fuerat; id valet gallinacei rostrum, Suet. Vit. 18: pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant, Quint. 1, 4, 29 et saep.: et intellego et sentio et video saepe idem valent quod scio, id. 10, 1, 13: duo quae idem significant ac tantumdem valent, id. 1, 5, 4.
        Hence, vălens, entis, P. a., strong, stout, vigorous, powerful (class.).
    1. A. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: nil moro discipulos mihi esse plenos sanguinis; valens adflictet me, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 1, 44: virgatores, id. As. 3, 2, 19: robusti et valentes et audaces satellites, Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84: cum homo imbecillus a valentissimā bestiā laniatur, id. Fam. 7, 1, 3: valentissimi lictores, id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142: homines, id. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Suet. Aug. 35: hic membris et mole valens, Verg. A. 5, 431: membris valens, Ov. M. 9, 108: corpore esse vegeto et valenti, Gell. 3, 1, 11: nervi musculique, Cels. 8, 20: trunci, Verg. G. 2, 426: scire oportet, omnia legumina generis valentissimi esse: valentissimum voco, in quo plurimum alimenti est … Ex leguminibus valentior faba quam pisum, etc., strongest, i. e. most nutritire, Cels. 2, 18: tunicae, stout, thick, Ov. A. A. 3, 109: providendum ne infirmiores (apes) a valentioribus opprimantur, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 35.
      2. 2. In partic.
        1. a. Well in health, healthy, hale, hearty: valeo et venio ad minus valentem, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 24: medicus plane confirmat, propediem te valentem fore, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2: puer, horā undecimā cum valens in publico visus esset, ante noctem mortuus est, id. Clu. 9, 27; cf. valens (opp. imbecillus), id. Fam. 16, 5, 2: (sensus) si sani sunt et valentes, id. Ac. 2, 7, 19: si valens corpus est neque magno opere vexatum, Cels. 7, 26, 5: sive aegra, sive valens, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 20.
          Subst.: qui enim aegris subveniretur, quae esset oblectatio valentium, nisi, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 4, 15; so opp. aeger, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186.
        2. b. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active: valens est adversus cancerem intestinorum minii gleba, Cels. 4, 15 fin.: medicamenta, id. 1, 3 med.: silvestri (papaveri capita) ad omnes effectus valentiora, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202; cf. id. 22, 22, 43, § 87.
    2. B. Trop., strong, powerful, mighty: mallem tantas ei (Caesari) vires non dedisset (res publica) quam nunc tam valenti resisteret, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 4: fuit quondam ita firma haec civitas et valens, id. Har. Resp. 28, 60: cum valentiore pugnare, id. Fam. 5, 21, 2: valens dialecticus, id. Fat. 6, 12: ut fieri nihil possit valentius, id. Brut. 16, 64: Philippus jam tum valens multa moliebatur, Nep. Timoth. 3, 1: opibus jam valentes, id. Eum. 10, 3: argumenta valentiora, Quint. 5, 13, 12: quid pars adversa habeat valentissimum, id. 5, 13, 52: nec fraus valentior quam consilium meum, Cic. Univ. 11: ad letum causae satis valentes, Ov. M. 5, 174; so, causae, id. Tr. 1, 8, 29: causa valentior, id. P. 1, 10, 35: deus morbo omni valentior, Stat. S. 1, 4, 111: oppida valentissima, Nep. Ham. 2, 4.
      Hence, adv.: vă-lenter, strongly, stoutly, powerfully, violently (perh. not ante-Aug.).
      1. 1. Lit.: resistere, Col. 1, 5, 9; 3, 2, 15: nimis valenter ibi retenta materia, Cels. 5, 26, 21: praeceps spirare valentius Eurus (coepit), Ov. M. 11, 481.
      2. 2. Trop., of speech, forcibly, energetically: non diu dicebat sed valenter, Sen. Contr. 3, 22 med.: si verba numeres, breviter et abscise: si sensum aestimes, copiose et valenter, Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 6.

vălĕrĭa, ae, f., a kind of eagle, called by the Greeks melanaĕtos, Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 6.

1. Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, v. Valerius.

2. Vălĕrĭānus, i, m.; Licinius, a Roman emperor, A. D. 253-260, father of the emperor Gallienus, Treb. Val. 1 sqq.; after him were named Valeriani aurei, Treb. Claud. 17.

Vălĕrĭus (old form Vălĕsĭus, acc. to Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 23 Müll.; v. letter R), i, m.; Vălĕrĭa, ae, f., the name of a Roman gens.

  1. I. The favorite of the people, P. Valerius Publicola, Liv. 1, 58; 2, 2; 2, 8; Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 55; id. Leg. 2, 23, 58: Laevinum, Valerī genus, Hor. S. 1, 6, 12.
  2. II. The historian, Q. Valerius Antias, Gell. 1, 7, 10.
  3. III. The poets C. Valerius Flaccus and M. Valerius Martialis, Plin. Ep. 3, 21.
  4. IV. The writer of Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus, al.
    As adjj.
      1. 1. Vălĕrĭus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius: gens, Cic. Fl. 1, 1; 11, 25: lex, of the interrex L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Agr. 3, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 43, 125; of the Consul suffectus, 668 A. U. C., L. Valerius Flaccus, id. Font. 1: tabula, a place in the forum beside the Curia Hostilia (so called from the tablet erected there in memory of M. Valerius Maximus Messala, consul 491 A. U. C., victorious in Gaul, Schol. Bob. ad Cic. Vatin. p. 318 Orell.), Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2; id. Vatin. 9, 21.
      2. 2. Vălĕrĭānus, a, um, of or belonging to a Valerius, Valerian: praedatores, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 553, 24.

vălesco, ĕre,

  1. I. v. inch. n. [valeo], to grow strong, acquire strength (rare; not in Cic.): (puerorum aetas) tali pacto recreata valescat, Lucr. 1, 942; 4, 17: sucus ex quo omne corpus valescit, Ambros. de Noë et Arca, 9, 28.
  2. II. Trop.: scelera impetu, bona consilia mora valescere, Tac. H. 1, 32: falsa, id. A. 2, 39: superstitiones, id. ib. 11, 15: meditatio et labor in posterum, id. ib. 4, 61.

vălētūdĭnārĭus, a, um, adj. [valetudo], sickly, infirm, weak, valetudinary (not in Cic.).

  1. I. Adj.: pecus (opp. sanum), Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 15: fenerator, Sen. Ira, 3, 33, 2.
  2. II. Substt.
    1. A. vălētūdĭnā-rĭus, ii, m., one in infirm health, an invalid, valetudinarian: ebrioso vina mittere aut valetudinario medicamenta, Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 6; Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 2; 27, 1, 41.
    2. B. vălētūdĭnārĭum, ii, n.
      1. 1. A sick-room, hospital, infirmary, Cels. praef.; Sen. Ep. 27, 1; id. Ira, 1, 16, 3; 2, 16, 4; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 5 fin.; Tac. Or. 21; Col. 11, 1, 18; 12, 3, 8.
      2. 2. A military lazar-house or hospital, Veg. Mil. 2, 10; 3, 2; Dig. 50, 6, 6.

vălētūdo (vălītūdo), ĭnis, f. [valeo], habit, state, or condition of body, state of health, health, whether good or bad.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: optimā valetudine uti, Caes. B. C. 3, 49: valetudine minus commodā uti, id. ib. 3, 62: integra, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 47: bona, Lucr. 3, 102; Cic. Lael. 6, 20; Quint. 10, 3, 26; Cato, R. R. 141, 3: melior, Plin. 23, 7, 63, § 120: commodior, Quint. 6, 3, 77: incommoda, Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1: infirma atque etiam aegra, id. Brut. 48, 180: quam tenui aut nullā potius valetudine, id. Sen. 11, 35: adversa, Just. 41, 6: dura, Hor. S. 2, 2, 88: confirmata, Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46; id. de Or. 1, 62, 265: ut valetudini tuae diligentissime servias, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16, § 46: multum interest inter vires et bonam valetudinem, Sen. Q. N. 1, praef. 6.
      Plur.: sic caecitas ferri facile possit, si non desint subsidia valetudinum, of different states of health, i. e. whatever they may be, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 113.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. A good state or condition, soundness of body, good health, healthfulness (syn.: salus, sanitas): valetudo decrescit, adcrescit labor, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4: valetudo (opportuna est), ut dolore careas et muneribus fungare corporis, Cic. Lael. 6, 22: cui Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abunde, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 10: valetudo sustentatur notitiā sui corporis et observatione, quae res aut prodesse soleant aut obesse, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 86: melior fio valetudine, quam intermissis exercitationibus amiseram, id. Fam. 9, 18, 3: id pecus valetudinis tutissimae est, Col. 7, 22: hoc cibo … firmitatem valetudinis custodiri, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42; cf.: Quaque valetudo constat, nunc libera morbis, Nunc oppressa, Manil. 3, 140; cf. also Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265.
      2. 2. A bad state or condition, ill health, sickness, feebleness, infirmity, indisposition (syn.: infirmitas, imbecillitas): curatio valetudinis, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 123: gravitas valetudinis, quā tamen jam paulum videor levari, id. Fam. 6, 2, 1: affectus valetudine, Caes. B. C. 1, 31: gravis auctumnus omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat, id. ib. 3, 2: quodam valetudinis genere tentari, Cic. Att. 11, 23, 1: quod me propter valetudinem tuam … non vidisses, id. Fam. 4, 1, 1: quod his Nonis in collegio nostro non affuisses, valetudinem causam, non maestitiam fuisse, id. Lael. 2, 8: excusatione te uti valetudinis, id. Pis. 6, 13: quibus (latere, voce) fractis aut imminutis aetate seu valetudine, Quint. 12, 11, 2: medicus quid in quoque valetudinis genere faciendum sit, docebit, id. 7, 10, 10: Blaesus novissimā valetudine conflictabatur, Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 7: major, i. e. morbus comitialis, Just. 13, 2: oculorum, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: calculorum, Plin. 21, 27, 100, § 173.
        Plur.: medicus regere valetudines principis solitus, Tac. A. 6, 50: valetudinibus fessi, id. H. 3, 2: quod ad febrium valitudines attinet, Plin. 23, 1, 24, § 48: graves et periculosas valetudines experiri, Suet. Aug. 81; id. Tib. 11; Vitr. 1, 4.
  2. II. Trop. (rare but class.), of the mind, health, soundness, sanity: ii sunt constituti quasi malā valetudine animi, sanabiles tamen, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: roga bonam mentem, bonam valetudinem animi, deinde tunc corporis, Sen. Ep. 10, 4; cf.: valetudo ei neque corporis neque animi constitit, unsound state of mind, mental infirmity, Suet. Calig. 50.
    Rarely without animi: qui valetudinis vitio furerent et melancholici dicerentur, Cic. Div. 1, 38, 81.
    1. B. Of style: quos (Lysiae studiosi), valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat, Cic. Brut. 16, 64.
  3. III. Personified: Valetudo, Health, as a divinity, Mart. Cap. 1, § 55.

valgĭter, adv., v. valgus fin.

Valgĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

    1. 1. T. Valgius Rufus, an epic poet, Tib. 4, 1, 180; Hor. S. 1, 10, 82.
    2. 2. C. Valgius, a rhetorician, Quint. 3, 1, 8; 3, 5, 17.
    3. 3. Valgius, father-in-law of Rullus, Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3.

valgus, a, um, adj. [root varg, to turn awry, twist; Sanscr. vrginas, twisted; cf. ruga, for fruga, and Anglo-Sax. wrinkle], having the calves of the legs bent outwards, bow-legged.

  1. I. Lit.: valgos Opilius Aurelius aliique complures aiunt dici, qui diversas suras habeant, Fest. p. 375 Müll.; cf. Cels. 8, 20; Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l.; Nov. ap. Non. 25, 12.
  2. * II. Transf.: suavia, wry mouths, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 16.
    Cf. adv.: valgĭter, awry, wryly: valgiter commovebat labra, Petr. 26: obtorto valgiter labello, id. Fragm. ap. Fulg. Prisc. serm. 566, 2.

vălĭdē, adv., v. validus fin. A.

vălĭdĭtas, ātis, f. [validus], strength of body: validitas et tenuitas, App. Trism. p. 97, 2: virilis, Ambros. Abr. 2, 11, 84.

vălĭdus, a, um, adj. [valeo], strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cæs.; very rare in Cic.; cf. valens).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen.: quasi incudem me homines octo validi caedant, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 7: quantus et quam validus est, id. ib. 1, 1, 143: lictores, id. As. 3, 2, 29: videmus ea, quae terra gignit, corticibus et radicibus valida servari, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33: legiones, Lucr. 5, 1228: leo, id. 5, 985; 5, 1310: tauri, Ov. M. 7, 538; 9, 186: lacerti, Lucr. 4, 829; Ov. M. 9, 223: vires, Verg. A. 2, 50: robur pectoris, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: validissima forma, Quint. 12, 10, 5: ventus, Lucr. 6, 137; 3, 509: aestus, id. 1, 300: fulmen, id. 6, 228: flumen, id. 1, 291: pontes, id. 1, 285: turres, id. 5, 1440: tormenta, id. 6, 329: bipennis, Verg. G. 4, 331: urbs valida muris, Liv. 1, 15, 4: validiores munitiones, id. 36, 17, 4; 24, 37: praesidia, id. 44, 35: robustis apta materia validissima est, the strongest, most nourishing food, Cels. 2, 18 fin. (cf. valens, A.): ptisanae usus validissimus saluberrimusque, Plin. 18, 7, 15, § 74.
      With inf.: pondus sustinere valida abies, Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222: (canis) validus servare gregem, Claud. in Eutrop. 1, 34.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Well in body, in good health, sound, healthy: salvus atque validus, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 7: jamne isti abierunt, Qui me vi cogunt, ut validus insaniam? of sound body, Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 2: si, ut spero, te validum videro, Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3: validus male filius, i. e. sickly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45: necdum ex morbo satis validus, Liv. 3, 13, 2: color validus, healthy complexion, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.
      2. 2. Of medicines, strong, powerful, active, efficacious: medicamen, Ov. M. 15, 533; 7, 262: sucus, id. ib. 7, 316: venenum, id. ib. 7, 123; Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.: validissima faex aceti contra cerastas, Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.
  2. II. Trop., strong, mighty, powerful, effective: Jovi opulento, incluto … valido viripotenti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1: aevi leges, Lucr. 5, 58: valida urbs et potens, Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4: fama validissima, Tac. A. 13, 8: ducibus validiorem quam exercitu rem Romanam esse, Liv. 2, 39, 2: delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientiā validum erat, Sall. C. 6, 6: mente minus validus quam corpore toto, Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 7: quam sit ingenio validus, Quint. 10, 1, 62: opibus, ingenio validus, Tac. H. 1, 57: vir gratiā et facundiā validus, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 12: Tiberius spernendis rumoribus validus, Tac. A. 3, 10; 4, 37: auctor validissimus mittendi secretos nuntios, id. ib. 6, 31: ad Caesaris amicitiam validus, id. ib. 6, 8: adversus consentientis nec regem quemquam satis validum nec tyrannum fore, Liv. 34, 49, 9: cum validae tum breves vibrantesque sententiae, Quint. 10, 1, 60: validissimum genus (dicendi), id. 12, 10, 63.
    With gen.: orandi validus, Tac. A. 4, 21: colonia virium et opum, id. H. 2, 19: aevi, Aur. Vict. Caes. 16 fin.
    Hence, advv.
    1. A. vălĭdē, strongly, stoutly, vehemently, mightily, powerfully, exceedingly, very, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.): ut valide tonuit! Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10: quam valide tonuit, id. ib. 5, 1, 78: fluctuat valide mare, id. Rud. 2, 1, 14: ne tua vox valide valet! id. Pers. 3, 3, 22: vostra latera loris faciam valide varia uti sint, id. Ps. 1, 2, 12: amare valide coepi hinc meretricem, id. Merc. prol. 42; 48.
      Comp.: validius clamare, Phaedr. 3, 16, 6: quo me validius cruciaret, Quint. 6, praef. § 8: quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus, id. 9, 2, 76: utros peccare validius putem, id. 10, 3, 12: abrogant fidem validius, Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 20: poëtae sunt molesti validius, Phaedr. 4, epil. 9.
      Sup.: validissime alicui favere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1: cupere, Plin. Ep. 9, 35, 1; 3, 15, 2.
      1. * 2. As a reply in the affirmative, certainly, by all means, to be sure: Ca. Legirupa. Ba. Valide. Ps. Pernicies adulescentum. Ba. Acerrime, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130; cf. v. 110.
    2. B. In a contr. form, valdē, an intens. adv., strongly, vehemently, energetically, vigorously, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly (freq. and class.; cf.: graviter, multo, bene, magnopere, etc.).
          1. (α) With verbs: quidquid volt, valde volt, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: nunc inhibere illud tuum, quod valde mihi arriserat, vehementer displicet, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: epistula tua, quae me valde levavit, id. ib. 4, 7, 1: de Vergilii parte valde probo, id. ib. 13, 26, 1: alicui valde interdicere, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 39, 61: non valde moveri, id. ib.: hos sermones … lacessivi numquam, sed non valde repressi, id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: litteras tuas valde exspecto, id. ib. 16, 19: ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit, Quint. 10, 1, 112.
            Strengthened by nimis: tu vero eum nec nimis valde umquam nec nimis saepe laudaveris, Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1.
            By tam: hoc est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31: nil mihi tam valde placeat, quod, etc., Cat. 68, 77: quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent, Nep. Eum. 11, 2: de remedio non tam valde laboro, Petr. 17.
            By quam: vosmet videte, quam mihi valde placuerit, Plaut. Merc. prol. 103: quam valde universi admurmuraverint, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: significare quam valde probetis ea, quae, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1.
          2. (β) With adjectives: magistratus valde lenes et remissi, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 66: aetas valde longa, id. ib. 1, 37, 58: exspectatio valde magna, id. Fam. 15, 17, 3: cui me praeripere desponsam laudem, valde est iniquum, id. Har. Resp. 3, 6: homo et acutus, ut Poenus, et valde studiosus ac diligens, id. Ac. 2, 31, 98: mala valde est Bestia, Cat. 69, 7: quoties verbum verbo aut non dissimile valde quaeritur, Quint. 9, 3, 75.
            With tam: quasi vero quicquam sit tam valde, quam nihil sapere, vulgare, Cic. Div. 2, 39, 81.
            With quam: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3.
          3. (γ) With adverbs: insanum valde uterque deamat, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 26: valde vehementer et libere dicere, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: illud valde graviter tulerunt, id. ib. 1, 17, 8: rem valde bene gerere, id. Fam. 1, 8, 7: valde multum, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9.
        1. b. Comp. (rare; cf. valide, supra): novit me valdius ipso, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 6: valdius oblectat populum, id. A. P. 321.
        2. c. Sup.: quos valdissime diligunt, Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 4.
      1. * 2. As a strongly confirmative reply, yes, certainly: Ca. Meam tu amicam vendidisti? Ba. Valde, viginti minis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 110.

vallāris, e, adj. [vallum], of or belonging to a rampart: corona, given to him who first mounted the enemy’s rampart, Liv. 10, 46, 3; 30, 28, 6; Suet. Aug. 25; Plin. 16, 4, 3, § 7; 22, 3, 4, § 6.

vallātĭo, ōnis, f. [vallo], an intrenchment (late Lat.), only trop.: medicorum, Theod. Prisc. 4, 1.

valles or vallis (the former, Caes. B. G. 7, 47; Verg. A. 11, 522; the latter, Ov. M. 3, 155; 8, 334 al.; cf. Fest. s. v. convallis, p. 42 Müll.), is, f. [Gr. ἕλος, lowland, Ἦλις; Lat. Veliae, Velitrae], a valley, vale.

  1. I. Lit.: quod satis magna valles intercedebat, Caes. B. G. 7, 47: vicus positus in valle, id. ib. 3, 1: per supinam vallem fusi sunt, Liv. 4, 46, 5: supinā valle praecipites egistis, id. 7, 24, 5: continui montes, nisi dissocientur opacā Valle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 6: in reductā valle, id. C. 1, 17, 17; Verg. A. 6, 703: qui (colles) afferunt umbram vallibus, Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11: valles cavae, Verg. G. 2, 391: saxosas inter decurrunt flumina valles, id. E. 5, 84: est curvo anfractu valles, id. A. 11, 522: rivos de pronā praeceps est valle volutus, Cat. 68, 59: domus est imis in vallibus, Ov. M. 2, 761: sub opacā valle, id. ib. 11, 277; cf.: (eloquentia) ut latissimi amnes totis vallibus fluat, Quint. 5, 14, 31.
    1. B. Trop.: vallis plorationis, Aug. Conf. 9, 2: lacrimarum, Vulg. Psa. 83, 7.
  2. II. Poet., transf., a hollow: valle sub alarum, Cat. 69, 6: femorum, Aus. Epigr. 128, 5.

‡ vallescit perierit, dictum a vallo militari, quod fit circa castra, quod qui eo eiciuntur pro perditis habentur, Fest. p. 377 Müll. (where Lachm. reads vallessit; cf.: valle feci, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 24; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 191).

vallestrĭa, ĭum, n. [vallis], valleys, vales, Ambros. Hexaëm. 3, 3, 14 al.

vallĭcŭla (vallĕcŭla, Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 522), ae, f. dim. [valles], a little valley, a glen, dell: vallis deminutivum vallicula facit, Fest. s. v. convallis, p. 42 Müll.: deformes, little hollows, Vulg. Lev. 14, 37.

vallis, is, v. valles.

vallo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vallum], in milit. lang., to surround with a rampart and palisades, to palisade, intrench, circumvallate (syn. saepio).

  1. I. Lit.: castra vallantem Fabium adorti sunt, Liv. 9, 41, 15: castra vallari placuit, Tac. H. 2, 19; so, castra, Auct. B. Alex. 27, 6; 30, 2; Plin. 15, 18, 20, § 76: vallare noctem, i. e. to intrench themselves at night, Tac. G. 30: nulli vallārant oppida muri, Luc. 4, 224.
    Absol.: muniendo vallandoque militem firmabant, Tac. H. 4, 26.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., to fortify, protect, defend with something: elephantis aciem utrimque vallaverat, Flor. 2, 8 fin.: Macedoniam suam armis ferroque, id. 2, 12, 4: Pontus et regiis opibus et ipsā naturā regionis vallatus, Cic. Arch. 9, 21: urbs Capsa in mediā Africā sita anguibus arenisque vallata, Flor. 3, 1, 14: cum gladio te vallare scieris, vallum ferre desinito, Liv. Epit. 57: vallatus bello, Luc. 6, 29: videbant Catilinam … vallatum indicibus atque sicariis, Cic. Mur. 24, 49: haec omnia quasi saepimento aliquo vallabit disserendi ratione, id. Leg. 1, 24, 62: jus legatorum divino jure esse vallatum, id. Har. Resp. 16, 34: ignotae cumulis vallatus harenae, Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 29: templa praesenti numine vallata, Val. Max. 9, 11, ext. 4: hydra venenatis vallata colubris, Lucr. 5, 27; cf. Val. Fl. 1, 697; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1932; Sil. 7, 407: sol radiis frontem vallatus acutis, Ov. H. 4, 159: vallantur planctibus arae, Stat. Th. 10, 564.
    To surround: abyssus vallavit me, Vulg. Jonae, 2, 6.

Vallōnĭa, ae, f., the goddess of valleys: collibus deam Collatinam, vallibus Valloniam praefecerunt, Aug. Civ. Dei, 4, 8.

vallum, i, n. [collective of 1. vallus; the line of palisades about an intrenchment; hence], an earthen wall or rampart set with palisades, a palisaded rampart, intrenchment, circumvallation.

  1. I. Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.; Liv. 33, 5, 4 sq.: castra vallo fossāque munire, Caes. B. G. 2, 5: aliquem vallo et fossā saeptum tenere, Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3: oppidum vallo et fossā cingere, id. ib. 5, 20, 5: oppidum vallo et fossā circumdare, id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Sall. J. 76, 2; Liv. 7, 23, 5; Verg. A. 9, 146; 9, 506; 9, 524; Hor. Epod. 9, 13 al.
  2. II. Transf., in gen., a wall, rampart, fortification; with gen.: non Alpium vallum contra ascensum transgressionemque Gallorum obicio et oppono, Cic. Pis. 33, 81: India vallo munitur eburno, Lucr. 2, 538: saepes pastorum munita vallo arboris, Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 22: (spica) contra avium minorum morsus munitur vallo aristarum, Cic. Sen. 15, 51: munitae sunt palpebrae tamquam vallo pilorum, id. N. D. 2, 57, 143: dentium, App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 10, 9.
    Absol.: si interdicta petes vallo (i. e. stola) circumdata, etc., Hor. S. 1, 2, 96.

1. vallus, i, m. [cf. Gr. ἧλος, nail], a stake, pale.

  1. I. In gen. (rare).
        1. a. For supporting vines, Verg. G. 1, 264; 2, 25.
        2. b. A pole set with teeth and fastened to a cart, pushed forwards by oxen placed behind; used by the Gauls for cutting grain, Plin. 18, 30, 72, § 296 (in Pall. 7, 2, called vehiculum).
  2. II. Esp., in milit. lang., a stake, palisade, used for intrenchment (freq. and class.): qui labor, quantus agminis; ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria … ferre vallum, etc., Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 37: Scipio Africanus militem cottidie in opere habuit et triginta dierum frumentum, ad septenos vallos ferre cogebat, Liv. Epit. 57: virgulta vallo caedendo, id. 25, 36, 5: vallum cae dere et parare jubet, id. 33, 5, 4: vallum secum ferente milite, id. 33, 6, 1: quo qui intraverant, se ipsi acutissimis vallis induebant: hos cippos appellabant, Caes. B. G. 7, 73.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Collect. for vallum, a rampart set with palisades, Caes. B. C. 3, 63; Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3; Tib. 1, 10, 9.
      2. 2. In gen., a point, spike: pectinis, a tooth, Ov. Am. 1, 14, 15.

2. vallus, i, f. dim. [contr. for vannulus, from vannus], a little winnowing-van for grain or provender, Varr. R. R. 1, 52, 2; 1, 23, 5; id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 166.

vălor, ōris, m. [valeo], value: valor, τιμή, Gloss. Lab.

valva, ae, f., the leaf of a door, a folding-door; sing. rare, Pompon. ap. Non. 19, 23; Petr. 96; Sen. Herc. Fur. 999.
Mostly plur.: valvae, ārum, the leaves, folds, or valves of a door, a folding-door, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74; id. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; 2, 4, 56, § 124; Caes. B. C. 3, 105; Juv. 4, 63; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 51; Ov. M. 1, 172; 2, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 112; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 5; 5, 6, 19; 5, 6, 38.

valvātus, a, um, adj. [valvae], having folding-doors: valvata et fenestrata triclinia, Varr. L. L. 8, § 29 Müll.; cf.: lumina fenestrarum (in tricliniis), Vitr. 6, 6: fores, id. 4, 6 fin.

valvŏlae, ārum, f. dim. [valvae] (quasi double-flaps, i. e.), the pod, shell, pericarp, valvules of leguminous plants: fabarum, Col. 2, 17, 7: lentis, id. 6, 10, 1; 6, 4, 3; 7, 4, 2 (ap. Fest. p. 375 Müll. masc. valvoli).