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1. ardĕa, ae, f. [kindred with the Gr. ἐρωδιός and ῤωδιός; cf. the Sanscr. rud = sonare], a heron (in Pliny usu. ardeola, q. v.), Verg. G. 1, 364.

2. Ardĕa, ae, f. [v. arduus], = Ἀρδέα, the capital of the Rutuli, six leagues south of Rome; acc. to the myth, it was burned by Æneas, and from its ashes the heron (ardea) was produced, Ov. M. 14, 573; Verg A. 7, 411; cf. Serv. ad h. l.; Mann. Ital. I. 617; Müll. Roms Camp. 2, 296-312.
Hence, Derivv.,

  1. A. Ardĕas, ātis, adj. (old nom. Ardeātis, like Arpinātis, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 629 P.), of or belonging to Ardea, Ardean: in agro Ardeati, Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 47: Ardeas templum, Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115.
    Hence, in the plur.: Ardeātes, ium, m., the inhabitants of Ardea, Liv. 5, 44; 4, 7.
  2. B. Ardĕātīnus, a, um, adj. (rare for Ardeas), Ardean: praedium, Nep. Att. 14, 3 (Halm, Arretinum); absol., in Ardeatino (sc. agro), Sen. Ep. 105.

Ardĕātis, is, adj., v. Ardea.

ardĕlĭo, ōnis, m. [ardeo], prop. a zealous person; hence, in a bad sense, a busybody, a meddler, = πολυπράγμων, Phaedr. 2, 5, 1 sq.; cf. the epigrams of Mart. 2, 7; 4, 79.

ardens, entis, P. a., from ardeo.

ardenter, adv., v. ardeo fin.

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. (perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,

  1. I. Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae, for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592: tecta ardentia, id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201: ardente domo, Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.: radii ardentes, Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.): caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti, Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121: vis ardens fulminis, Lucr. 6, 145: Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse, Liv. 22, 1: rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus, Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747: arsurae comae, Verg. A. 11, 77: videbat quod rubus arderet, Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.: fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.: oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens, Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.
    2. B. Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle: Tyrio ardebat murice laena, Verg. A. 4, 262: campi armis sublimibus ardent, id. ib. 11, 602.
    3. C. In gen., of any passionate emotion or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).
          1. (α) With abl.: quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno, they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180: In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant, their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172: ardere flagitio, Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1: amore, Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47: iracundiā, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12: curā, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9: dolore et irā, Cic. Att. 2, 19: cupiditate, id. Pis. 24: studio et amore, id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2: desiderio, id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37: podagrae doloribus, to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94: furore, Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.: cum arderet Syria bello, Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.
          2. (β) Without an abl.: ipse ardere videris, Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145: omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant, were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34: Ardet, Ov. M. 6, 609: ultro implacabilis ardet, Verg. A. 12, 3: ardet in arma, id. ib. 12, 71; so, in caedem, Tac. H. 1, 43.
            Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing: ruere ardet utroque, Ov. M. 5, 166: Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras, Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.
            Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror): ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo, Ov. M. 4, 62: deus arsit in illā, id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.: laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19): arsit Virgine raptā, Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1: comptos arsit adulteri Crines, Hor. C. 4, 9, 13: delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt, Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.
            Note: * Pass. arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.—ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.
    1. A. Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3: ardentissimum tempus, Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123: Austri ardentes, id. 12, 19, 42, § 93: quinta (zona) est ardentior illis, hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46: ardens Africa, Luc. 9, 729.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. Of the eyes: oculi, glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.
      2. 2. Of color: ardentissimus color, Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16: apes ardentes auro, glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.
      3. 3. Of wounds, burning, smarting: ardenti morsu premere dolorem, with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.
      4. 4. Of wine, strong, fiery: ardentis Falerni Pocula, Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.
      5. 5. Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent: avaritia ardens, Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36: mortem ardentiore studio petere, id. ib. 2, 19, 61: ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit, id. Att. 14, 10 fin.: ardentissimus dux, Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2: ardentissimus amor, Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2: studia, Ov. M. 1, 199: Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis, Vulg. Luc. 24, 32: furor, ib. Isa. 30, 27: miserere ardentis (sc. amore), Ov. M. 14, 691.
        Poet. with gen.: ardens caedis, Stat. Th. 1, 662.
        In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse: nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio, Cic. Or. 38, 132: verbum, id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.): nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit, id. de Or. 2, 45, 190: orator gravis, acer, ardens, id. Or. 28, 99 al.
        Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately: ardenter aliquid cupere, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.
        Comp.: ardentius sitire, to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: ardentius diligere, Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7: ardentius amare, Suet. Calig. 25.
        Sup.: ardentissime diligere, Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

ardĕŏla, ae, f. dim. [ardea], a little heron, Plin. 10, 60, 79, § 164; 11, 37, 52, § 140.

ardesco, arsi, 3, v. inch. [ardeo], to take fire, to kindle, to be inflamed (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; while exardesco is very freq.), lit. and trop.

  1. I. Lit.: ut omnia motu Percalefacta vides ardescere, Lucr. 6, 178: ardescunt caelestia templa, id. 6, 670: ne longus ardesceret axis, Ov. M. 1, 255; Plin. 37, 3, 12, § 51.
  2. II. Trop., to gleam, glitter.
    1. A. Of rays of light: fulmineis ardescunt ignibus undae, Ov. M. 11, 523.
    2. B. Of the gleaming of a sword: pugionem in mucronem ardescere jussit, Tac. A. 15, 54.
    3. C. Most freq. of the passions, to be inflamed, become more intense, increase in violence: ardescere dirā cuppedine, Lucr. 4, 1090; so id. 5, 897: in iras, Ov. M. 5, 41 (cf. Verg. A. 7, 445: exarsit in iras, and Luc. 3, 134: accensus in iram): in nuptias incestas, Tac. A. 11, 25: ardescit tuendo, Verg. A. 1, 713: stimulo ardescit, Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181: quibus haec rabies auctoribus arsit, Luc. 5, 359.
      So, absol.: fremitus ardescit equorum, Verg. A. 11, 607: ardescente pugnā, Tac. H. 5, 18: in labiis ejus ignis ardescit, * Vulg. Prov. 16, 27.

* ardĭfētus, a, um, adj. [ardeo-fetus], pregnant with flame; poet. of a torch: lampas, Varr. ap. Non. p. 243, 25; cf. id. ib. p. 312, 6.

ardor, ōris, m. [ardeo], a flame, fire, heat, burning heat, lit. and trop.

  1. I. Lit.: solis ardor, Lucr. 2, 212: exortus est sol cum ardore, Vulg. Jac. 1, 11: ignium, Lucr. 5, 587: ignis, Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 12: flammarum, Lucr. 5, 1093: flammaï, id. 5, 1099 al.: visas ab occidente faces ardoremque caeli, Cic. Cat. 3, 8: ardor caelestis, qui aether vel caelum nominatur, id. N. D. 2, 15, 41: ardore deflagrare, id. Ac. 2, 37, 119: ardores corporum in morbis, Plin. 14, 16, 18, § 99: Visitabo vos in egestate et ardore, with burning fever, Vulg. Lev. 26, 16 al.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of the flashing fire of the eyes, brightness, brilliancy: fervescit et ex oculis micat acribus ardor, and fire gleams forth from the keen eyes, Lucr. 3, 289: ille imperatorius ardor oculorum, Cic. Balb. 21, and id. N. D. 2, 42, 107.
      Of the external appearance in gen.: in te ardor voltuum atque motuum, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80: oris, animation, Vell. 2, 35.
    2. B. Of the passions or feelings, heat, ardor, glow, impatience, eagerness, ardent desire: Sive voluptas est sive est contrarius ardor, i. e. dolor, some tormenting pain, Lucr. 3, 251: cupiditatum ardore restincto, Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 43: ardor mentis ad gloriam, id. Cael. 31: quem ardorem studii censetis fuisse in Archimede, qui etc., id. Fin. 5, 19, 50: ardor animi non semper adest, isque cum consedit, id. Brut. 24, 93: vultus ardore animi micans, Liv. 6, 13: ardorem compescere, Tac. Agr. 8; Liv. 8, 16.
      Transf. from the combatants to the weapons: tantus fuit ardor armorum, Liv. 22, 5: Ardorem cupiens dissimulare meum, glowing love, Tib. 4, 12, 6; so Ov. M. 7, 76.
      With obj. gen.: at te ejusdem virginis ardor Perdiderat, Ov. M. 9, 101; 9, 140; Hor. Epod. 11, 27 al.
      And meton., the object of ardent affection, love, flame: tu primus et ultimus illi Ardor eris, Ov. M. 14, 683.

Ardŭenna, ae (Ardenna, Ven. Fort. Carm. 7, 4), f. [v. arduus; cf. Welsh ardh, to raise up], the forest-covered mountains in Gaul, now Ardennes, Caes. B. G. 5, 3; 6, 29 Herz.; Tac. A. 3, 42; cf. Mann. Gall. p. 203.

* ardŭĭtas, ātis, f. [arduus], steepness: montium arduitas, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 3.

ardus, a, um, adj., v. aridus.

arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ΑΡΔΩ, ἄρσω = to water, to cherish; ἀλδαίνω = to make grow; ἀλδήεις = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as ἐρυθρός, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).

  1. I. Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2: aether, Ov. M. 1, 151: sidera, id. ib. 1, 730: cedrus, id. Am. 1, 14, 12: cervix equi, Hor. S. 1, 2, 89: et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus), Verg. A. 9, 53.
    Also in prose in Gell.: supercilia, i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1: confragosus atque arduus clivis, steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4: ascensus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23: arduus ac difficilis ascensus, Liv. 25, 13: ardua et aspera et confragosa via, id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37: mons, Ov. M. 1, 316: Tmolus, id. ib. 11, 150 al.
    Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep: Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï, Lucr. 1, 659: in ardua montis Ite, Ov. M. 8, 692: ardua terrarum, Verg. A. 5, 695: per arduum scandere, Hor. C. 2, 19, 21: in arduo, Tac. A. 2, 47: in arduis ponet nidum suum, Vulg. Job, 39, 27: ardua Alpium, Tac. H. 4, 70: castellorum, id. A. 11, 9: ingressi sunt ardua, Vulg. Jer. 4, 29.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous: magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur, Cic. Or. 10, 33: rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio, id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13: id arduum factu erat, Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4: victoria, Ov. M. 14, 453: virtus, Hor. C. 3, 24, 44: nil mortalibus arduum est, id. ib. 1, 3, 37.
      Subst.: nec fuit in arduo societas, Tac. A. 12, 15.
    2. B. Troublesome, unpleasant: in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere, Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci χαλεπὸν appellant: quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile, Gell. 4, 15: quam arduum onus, Tac. A. 1, 11.
    3. C. Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious: aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.
      Note: Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.
      Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.
      Adv. not used.