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căpĭtal, v. capitalis.
căpĭtālis, e, adj. [caput].
- I. Relating to or belonging to the head. In this signif. extant only in the subst. capital, a headdress of priests, Varr. L. L. 5, § 130 Müll.; but, capital linteum quoddam, quo in sacrificiis utebantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 48 ib.
- II. Transf.
- A. Relating to life, by which life is endangered, capital: periculum, peril of life, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 81; id. Rud. 2, 3, 19: caedis, id. Most. 2, 2, 44: morbus, endangering life, dangerous, Gell. 16, 13, 5.
- 2. Esp. freq. as jurid. t. t. of those crimes which are punishable by death or by the loss of civil rights, capital, v. Dig. 21, 1, 23, § 2; 48, 1, 2: accusare aliquem rei capitalis, of a capital crime, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68: qui in vinculis essent damnati rei capitalis, id. Sen. 12, 42: cui rei capitalis dies dicta sit, Liv. 3, 13, 4: reus rerum capitalium, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 95: manifesti rerum capitalium, Sall. C. 52 fin.: rerum capitalium condemnati, id. ib. 36, 2: damnati, Tac. A. 1, 21 fin.: in rerum capitalium quaestionibus, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68: crimen, id. ib. 2, 5, 9, § 23; Tac. A. 3, 60: facinora, Cic. poët. N. D. 1, 6, 13; cf. flagitia, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 5: maleficia, Dig. 48, 8, 18 pr.: judex rei capitalis, Quint. 7, 3, 33; Curt. 6, 8, 25; Cic. Dom. 30, 78: capitalium rerum vindices, Sall. C. 55 al.: fraudem admittere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 26: causae, Quint. 8, 3, 14: judicia, id. 4, 1, 57: noxa, Liv. 3, 55, 5: poenā afficere aliquem, Suet. Caes. 48: condemnare, id. Dom. 14: animadversione punire, id. Aug. 24: supplicio incesta coërcere, id. Dom. 8: capitale nullum exemplum vindictae, Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 18: supplicium, Curt. 3, 2, 17: capitalis locus ubl si quid violatum. est, caput violatoris expiatur, Fest. p. 50: judicium trium virorum capitalium, who had charge of the prisons and of executions, Cic. Or. 46, 156; Liv. 39, 14, 10; 25, 1, 10; cf. id. 32, 26, 17; and the joke of Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2.
Also subst.: căpĭtal (postAug. sometimes căpĭtāle, as also in poorer MSS. of earlier authors), plur. capitalia, a death (real or civil), banishment, etc., in consequence of crime: capital = facinus quod capitis poenā luitur, Fest. p. 37: capital κεφαλικὴ τιμωρία, Vet. Gloss.
- (α) Capital facere, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 16; id. Merc. 3, 4, 26: scimus capital esse irascier, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 38, 17: quique non paruerit capital esto, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96: praesidio decedere apud Romanos capital esse, Liv. 24, 37, 9 Gronov.; Mel. 1, 9, 7 Tzschuck; Curt. 8, 4, 17; 8, 9, 34; Quint. 9, 2, 67: degredi viā capital leges fecere, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63; 10, 23, 31, § 62; Just. 2, 7, 8; Suet. Calig. 24 Oud. and Wolf; Sil. 13, 155; cf. Front. 4, 6, 3 Oud.
- (β) Capitale: capitale est obicere anteacta, Quint. 9, 2, 67; Tac. Agr. 2.
- (γ) Plur.: capitalia: capitalia vindicanto, Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6: capitalia ausi plerique, Liv. 26, 40, 17; Suet. Tib. 58.
- b. Trop.: inimicus, a mortal enemy, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 57: hostis, a deadly enemy, Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3: adversarius, id. Fin. 4, 12, 31: odium, id. Lael. 1, 2: ira, Hor. S. 1, 7, 13: inimicitiae, Dig. 17, 1, 23, § 25: minae, Cod. 2, 20, 7: oratio, very pernicious, dangerous, Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73: capitalis et pestifer Antonii reditus, id. Phil. 4, 1, 3: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior quam eorum, etc., id. Off. 1, 13, 41: nulla capitalior pestis quam, etc., id. Sen. 12, 39.
- B. That is at the head, chief, first in something, pre-eminent, distinguished (rare): capitale vocamus Ingenium sollers (as we often use capital), Ov. F. 3, 839: Siculus ille (sc. Philistus) capitalis, creber, acutus, etc., a writer of the first rank, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11 (13), 4: jocus, a capital joke, Treb. XXX. Tyrann. 10.
Comp.: hoc autem erat capitalior, quod, etc., more important, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170.
Hence, adv.: căpĭtālĭter, mortally, capitally: lacessere, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 4: odisse, mortally, Amm. 21, 16, 11.
Esp.,
- 2. As judicial t. t., of punishments, capitally, so as to affect life or citizenship, Cod. Th. 3, 14, 1; Veg. Mil. 2, 22.
* căpĭtānĕus, a, um, adj. [caput], chief in size, large: litterae, capitals, Auct. Rei Agr. p. 270 Goes.
‡ căpĭtārĭum aes quod capi potest, Paul. ex Fest. p. 65 Müll.
căpĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [caput];
- I. in the Lat. of jurists, a poll-tax, Dig. 50, 15, 3; 50, 4, 18 fin.; Amm. 17, 3, 2 (ap. Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5: exactio capitum).
- II. The outlay of the state for beasts used in the public service, Cod. Th. 7, 4, 8; 7, 4, 11.
căpĭtātus, a, um, adj. [caput], having a head (rare): clavulus, Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15: et crassa natrix, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 65, 31: caepa, Plin. 19, 6, 32, § 105: porrum, id. 20, 6, 22, § 48; Pall. Febr. 24, 11: herba, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173: cunila, id. 32, 10, 44, § 126: vinea, a vine that grows in a head (opp. bracchiata), Col. 5, 5, 9 and 11.
căpĭtellum, i, n. dim. [caput, capitulum] (perh. first post-class., for in Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173, and 36, 23, 56, § 178, the MSS. and edd. vary between capitellum and capitulum; not in use in the time of Varro; v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 79 Müll.).
- I. A small head: paracenterii, Veg. 3, 17, 2.
- II. In architecture = capitulum, the capital of a column, Coripp. 4, 59; cf. Isid. Orig. 15, 8, 15; 19, 10, 24; Vulg. 3 Reg. 7, 16.
căpĭtĭlăvĭum, ĭi, n. [caput-lavo], a washing of the head (late Lat.), Isid. Orig. 6, 18, 14.
Căpĭtīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the town Capitium (Καπύτιον, Ptol., in Southern Sicily, now Capizzi): civitas, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103.
1. căpĭtĭum, ĭi, n. [caput],
- I. a covering for the head: capitia = capitum tegmina, Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 25; also an undervest, as put over the head, though Varr. derives it from capio: capitium ab eo quod capit pectus, id est, ut antiqui dicebant, comprehendit, Varr. L. L. 5, § 131 Müll.: induis, Laber. ap. Gell. 16, 7, 9 (Com. Rel. v. 61 Rib.); Dig. 34, 2, 24.
A vestment of a priest, Hier. Ep. 64.
- II. The opening in the tunic through which the head passed (eccl. Lat.), Hier. Ep. 64; id. Vest. Sacerd. 14; Vulg. Exod. 28, 32; 39, 21; id. Job, 30, 18.
2. Căpĭtĭum, ĭi, n., a town in Sicily, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103.
1. căpĭto, ōnis, m. amplif. [caput], one that has a large head, big-headed.
- I. Lit., Cic. N. D. 1, 29, 80.
- II. Transf.
- A. A sea-fish with a large head, called also cephalus, Cato, R. R. 158, 1.
- B. A kind of fish with a large head: Cyprinus dobula, Linn.; Aus. Mos. 85.
2. Căpĭto, ōnis, m., a Roman cognomen, Atteius Capito; v. Atteius.; esp. in the gens Sestia; v. Fast. Capitol. ap. Grut. 289; and sarcastically, a name given to parasites, Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 8; v. the commentt. ad h. l.
Căpĭtōlīnus, a, um, adj. [Capitolium], of or pertaining to the Capitol, Capitoline: clivus, Cic. Rab. Perd. 11, 31: sedes, id. Div. 1, 12, 19; 2, 20, 45: collis, Mart. 12, 21: area, Suet. Calig. 22; 34; Gell. 2, 10, 2.
Of Jupiter, Auct. Dom. 57, 144; Suet. Caes. 84; id. Aug. 30; 91; 94; id. Tib. 53; id. Dom. 4: dapes, that was given to Jupiter, Mart. 12, 48: Venus, Suet. Calig. 7: amphora, q. v.: ludi, Liv. 5, 50, 4: certamen, Suet. Dom. 13; cf. id. ib. 4: quercus, a crown of oak given to victors in the Capitoline games, Juv. 6, 387.
- B. Subst.
- 1. Căpĭtōlīnus, i, m., the Capitoline Hill, Auct. Her. 4, 32, 43.
- 2. Căpĭtōlīni, ōrum, m., persons who had the charge of these games, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2.
In sing., a cognomen of M. Manlius, on account of his rescue of the Capitol, Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 24.
Căpĭtōlĭum, ii, n., = Καπιτώλιον [ = capitulum, from caput]; in a restricted sense,
- I. the Capitol, the temple of Jupiter, at Rome, built on the summit of Mons Saturnius or Tarpeius by the Tarquinii, and afterwards splendidly adorned, Liv. 1, 55, 1 sq.; v. Class. Dict.; Verg. A. 9, 448; opp. to the Arx, and separated from it by the Intermontium.
In a more extended sense, the whole hill (hence called Mons or Clivus Capitolinus), including the temple and citadel, separated from the Palatine Hill by the Forum Romanum, now Campidoglio. Acc. to a fanciful etym., this word is derived from the discovery of a man’s head in laying the foundations of the temple, Varr. L. L. 5, § 41 Müll.; Liv. 1, 55, 6: which Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 345, and Arn. 6, p. 194, also give as the head of a certain Tolus or Olus. The Capitolimn was regarded by the Romans as indestructible, and was adopted as a symbol of eternity, Verg. A. 9, 448; Hor. C. 3, 30, 8 sq. Orell. ad loc.
Poet., in plur., Verg. A. 8, 347; Ov. A. A. 3, 115; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 27; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 397.
- 2. Căpĭtōlĭum Vĕtus, the Old Capitol, an earlier temple of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, on the Quirinal, Varr. L. L. 5, § 158; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, 713.
- II. Transf.
- A. The citadel of any town, e. g. in Capua, Suet. Tib. 40; id. Calig. 57; in Beneventum, id. Gram. 9; cf. also Plaut, Curc. 2, 2, 19; Sil. 11, 267; Inscr. Orell. 68 (Veronae); 3314 (Faleriis); 6139 (Constantinae); 6978 sq.
- B. In eccl. Lat., any heathen temple, Prud. contr. Symm. 1, 632.
căpĭtŭlāre, is, n. [prop. adj., sc. vectigal; caput], a head- or poll-tax, Inscr. Orell. 3345.
căpĭtŭlārii, ōrum, m. [capitulare],
- I. tax-gatherers and revenue-officers, Cod. 12, 29, 2; Cassiod. Var. 10, 28.
- II. Recruiting-officers, Cod. Th. 6, 35, 3.
‡ căpĭtŭlārĭum, ii, n. [capitulare], a capitation tax, Inscr. Orell. 3345.
căpĭtŭlārĭus, a, um [capitularii, II.], relating to the recruiting of soldiers: functio, Cod. Th. 11, 16, 14.
căpĭtŭlātim, adv. [caput], by heads, summarily (rare; perh. only in the foll. exs.): dicere, Nep. ap. Cato, 3, 4: attingere, Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55.
căpĭtŭlātus, a, um, adj. [capitulum], having or ending in a small head: costae, Cels. 8, 1: surculus, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 156.
1. căpĭtŭlum, i, n. dim. [caput].
- I. Lit., a small head, of man or beast: operto capitulo bibere, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 14.
Hence, in the lang. of comedy, for a man, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 89; and as a term of endearment: o capitulum lepidissimum, most charming creature, Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 25: haedi, Cels. 2, 22.
- B. Of plants: caepae, Col. 11, 3, 15: sarmenti, id. 3, 77, 4: torcularii, Cato, R. R. 18, 4 al. (perh. also ramulorum, Plin. 24, 19, 113, § 173; 27, 5, 20, § 37; cf. capitellum).
- II. Transf.
- A. In architecture.
- 1. The capital or chapiter of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178 sq.
- 2. The capital of a triglyph, Vitr. 4, 3, 8.
- 3. The cross-beam of warlike engines, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 17.
- B. In late Lat., a covering for the head of females, Isid. Orig. 19, 31, 3; cf. Varr. ap. Non. p. 542, 30.
- C. Also late Lat., a prominent part or division of a writing, a chapter, section, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, 19; Hier. in Ezech. c. 47 fin.
- D. A section of a law, Cod. Just. 5, 37, 28.
- E. The raising of recruits (as an office), Cod. Th. 11, 16, 15.
2. Căpĭtŭlum, i, n., a town of the Hernici in Latium, now perh. Paliano, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 63.
Hence, Căpĭtŭlen-ses, ĭum, m., the inhabitants of Capitulum, Dig. 50, 15, 8, § 7.
† căpītum or căpētum, i, n., = καπητόν, fodder for cattle (late Lat.), Aur. Imp. ap. Vop. Aur. 7; Cod. Th. 7, 4, 7 and 13.