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praecĭpĭens, entis, Part. and subst., v. praecipio.

prae-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio], to take or seize beforehand, to get or receive in advance (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: anticipo, praeoccupo).

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen., Lucr. 6, 1050: nisi aquam praecepimus ante, id. 6, 804: a publicanis pecuniam insequentis anni mutuam praeceperat, Caes. B. C. 3, 31: aliquantum viae, to get the start somewhat, Liv. 36, 19: longius spatium fugā, id. 22, 41 fin.: iter, id. 3, 46: Piraeeum quinqueremibus, to preoccupy, id. 32, 16, 5: mons a Lusitanis praeceptus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 3: si lac praeceperit aestus, i. e. have previously dried up, Verg. E. 3, 98.
    2. B. In partic., in jurid. lang, to receive (esp. an inheritance or bequest) in advance, Plin. Ep. 5, 7, 4: si heres centum praecipere jussus sit, Dig. 30, 122; so ib. 36, 1, 63: quantitatem dotis, ib. 17, 2, 81: dotem, ib. 10, 2, 46: per praeceptionem hoc modo legamus: Lucius Titius hominem Stichum praecipito, Gai. Inst. 2, 216.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to take or obtain in advance, to anticipate: aliquantum ad fugam temporis Syphax et Hasdrubal praeceperunt, gained some advantage in time, Liv. 30, 8 fin.: tempus, id. 1, 7: celeres neu praecipe Parcas, do not hasten in advance of, do not anticipate, Stat. Th. 8, 328; so, veneno fata praecepit, Flor. 3, 9, 4: praecipio gaudia suppliciorum vestrorum, I rejoice in advance, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 51; cf. Liv. 45, 1, 1: jam animo victoriam praecipiebant, figured to themselves beforehand, Caes. B. C. 3, 87 fin.; Liv. 10, 26: spe jam praecipit hostem, Verg. A. 11, 491: praecipere cogitatione futura, to conjecture or imagine beforehand, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 81: omnia, Verg. A. 6, 105; cf.: haec usu ventura opinione praeceperat, had already suspected, Caes. B. G. 7, 9: sed alterum mihi est certius, nec praecipiam tamen, Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2.
    2. B. In partic., to give rules or precepts to any one, to advise, admonish, warn, inform, instruct, teach; to enjoin, direct, bid, order, etc. (syn.: mando, impero, doceo): vilici officia, quae dominus praecepit, Cato, R. R. 142: Philocomasio id praecipiendum est, ut sciat, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 92: quoi numquam unam rem me licet semel praecipere, id. As. 2, 4, 15: quae ego tibi praecipio, ea facito, id. Trin. 2, 2, 17: docui, monui, bene praecepi semper quae potui omnia, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6: quicquid praecipies, esto brevis, Hor. A. P. 335: de eloquentiā, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 48: de agriculturā, Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 201: alicui aliquid praecipere, Cic. Mur. 2, 4: glossemata nobis, Asin. Gall. ap. Suet. Gram. 22: numerumque modumque carinis Praecipiant, Verg. A. 11, 329: cantus lugubres, Hor. C. 1, 24, 2: artem nandi, Ov. Tr. 2, 486: humanitatem, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2, etc.: mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus aequos Praecipit, enjoins, recommends, Juv. 14, 16.
      With inf.: justitia praecipit, parcere omnibus, Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21; so, paeoniam praecipiunt eruere noctu, Plin. 25, 4, 10, § 29: codicillos aperiri testator praecepit, Dig. 31, 1, 89.
      With ut: illud potius praecipiendum fuit, ut, etc., Cic. Lael. 16, 60: recte etiam praecipi potest in amicitiis, ne, etc., id. ib. 20, 75: consulentibus Pythia praecepit, ut, etc., Nep. Milt. 1, 3.
      With subj. alone: praecipit atque interdicit, omnes unum peterent Indutiomarum, Caes. B. G. 5, 58: his praecepit, omnes mortales pecuniā aggrediantur, Sall. J. 28, 1.
      With acc. and inf.: etiam scelere convictos nonnisi ad opus damnari praeceperat, Suet. Ner. 31: D. Claudius edicto praecepit, decreed, commanded, Dig. 48, 10, 15.
      As subst.: praecĭpĭens, entis, m., a teacher, Cic. Rep. 1, 46, 70: jam prope consummata fuerit praecipientis opera, Quint. 2, 6, 6: in numero praecipientium, id. 2, 3, 5.
      Hence, praeceptum, i, n. (acc. to II. B.), a maxim, rule, precept; an order, direction, command, bidding; an injunction, etc. (class.): quo praecepto ab iis diligentissime observato, Caes. B. G. 5, 35: sine praecepto ullius suā sponte struebatur acies, Liv. 9, 31: transvectae praecepto ducis alae, Tac. Agr. 37: hoc praeceptum patet latius, Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; cf.: hoc praeceptum officii diligenter tenendum est, id. Off. 2, 14, 51.
      In plur.: tuis monitis praeceptisque, Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3: in quam (partem) praecepta nobis danda sunt, id. Inv. 2, 17, 53; 2, 34, 105: abundare praeceptis philosophiae, id. Off. 1, 1, 1: dare praecepta dicendi, id. Brut. 76, 273; cf. studiosis dicendi praecepta tradere, id. Or. 41, 141: deūm praecepta secuti, orders, commands, Verg. G. 4, 448: sine vi non ulla dabit (Nereus) praecepta, id. ib. 4, 398.

praecĭpĭtanter, adv., v. praecipito fin.

praecĭpĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [praeceps], to throw or cast down headlong, to precipitate (class.; syn.. deicio, deturbo, proruo).

  1. I. Act.
    1. A. Lit.: pilae in mare praecipitatae, Nep. Alcib. 6 fin.: truncas rupes in tecta domosque, Stat. Th. 10, 881: currum scopulis, hurl or dash against, Ov. M. 15, 518: pinus, Stat. Achill. 2, 546.
      Freq. with se or pass. in middle sense: se e Leucade, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41: se a tecto, Sen. Ep. 4, 4: se de turri, Liv. 23, 37: sese in fossas, Caes. B. C. 3, 69: praecipitasse se quosdam constabat (sc. de muro), threw themselves from the wall, Liv. 23, 19, 6; Hor. S. 2, 3, 277: plerique semet ipsi praecipitaverunt, Liv. 21, 14, 1: se in Tiberim, id. 4, 12, 11; Caes. B. G. 4, 15; Curt. 4, 16, 16; 6, 6, 32; Auct. B. Alex. 18: ubi Nilus praecipitans se fragore auditum accolis aufert, Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 118: praecipitare volens etiam pulcherrima, to throw overboard, Juv. 12, 38.
      Mid.: cum alii super vallum praecipitarentur, threw themselves down, Sall. J. 58, 6; Ov. F. 4, 164; id. M. 7, 760; 11, 556: lux Praecipitatur aquis, sinks in the ocean, sets, id. ib. 4, 92; cf.: hac te praecipitato, run this way, for life! Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 36.
      Absol.: si quando iis (parvis) ludentes minamur, praecipitaturos alicunde, extimescunt, that we will throw them down from any place (= nos eos dejecturos), Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31.
      1. 2. Transf., in gen., to bend a thing down: vitem, Cato, R. R. 32, 2: partem (vitis), Col. 4, 20, 4: palmitem, id. 5, 6, 33.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. To throw, hurl, or cast down, to precipitate: praecipitari ex altissimo dignitatis gradu, Cic. Dom. 37, 98; cf.: in tanta mala praeeipitatus ex patrio regno, Sall. J. 14, 23.
        Esp. with reflex. pron.: semet ipse praecipitare, to hasten to ruin, destroy one’s self, Sall. J. 41, 9: se in exitium, Cels. 3, 21: se in insidias, Liv. 3, 18, 7 dub. (Madv. omits se): furor iraque mentem Praecipitant, carry away, urge onward, sway violently, Verg. A. 2, 317: spem festinando praecipitare, Ov. P. 3, 1, 140: in senectam praecipitare, to cause to grow old prematurely, Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 94: quosdam praecipitat subjecta potentia magnae Invidiae, Juv. 10, 56.
        In pass., Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43: nox praecipitata, declining, i. e. drawing to a close, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 47; cf.: aetas praecipitata (opp. adulescens), declining age, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5.
      2. 2. To hasten, hurry a thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose): quae Praecipitent obitum, hasten their setting, Cic. Arat. 349: vindemiam, Col. 3, 21, 10: consulta viri, Sil. 3, 166: ne praecipitetur editio, Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 2: consilia raptim praecipitata, precipitate, Liv. 31, 32.
        Poet.: moras, i. e. exchange delay for haste, Verg. A. 8, 443; 12, 699: Tiphyn pelago parari praecipitat, Val. Fl. 2, 390: cursum, Juv. 15, 78.
      3. 3. With acc. and inf., to hasten, press, urge to do any thing (poet.): dare tempus Praecipitant curae, Verg. A. 11, 3: si praecipitant miserum cognoscere curae, Stat. Th. 1, 679.
  2. II. Neutr., to hasten or rush down, to throw one’s self down, rush headlong, sink rapidly, to fall (class., but only of involuntary falling; cf. I. A.).
    1. A. Lit.: praecipitare istuc quidem est, non descendere, Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 90: de montibus altis ad terram, Lucr. 4, 1021: ubi Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus, Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 19; cf.: Fibrenus … statim praecipitat in Lirem, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6: and: in amni praecipitante, id. de Or. 3, 48, 186: nimbi In vada praecipitant, Verg. A. 9, 670; 11, 617: in fossam, Liv. 25, 11, 6; 7, 6, 9; 38, 2, 14; 39, 2, 3: in insidias, id. 2, 51; 5, 18; Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 82: non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? Verg. A. 4, 565: sol praecipitans, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209: jam nox caelo Praecipitat, is sinking, draws to a close, Verg. A. 2, 9: hiems jam praecipitaverat, had closed, come to an end, Caes. B. C. 3, 25.
    2. B. Trop.
      1. 1. To fall down, to fall, rush, or sink to ruin: qui in amorem Praecipitavit, pejus perit quam si saxo saliat, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 31: praecipitantes impellere, certe est inhumanum, Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2; so, praecipitantem impellamus, id. Clu. 26, 70: ubi non subest, quo praecipitet ac decidat, he may tumble down, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69: praecipitante re publicā, id. Sull. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 31, 87; and: cum ad Cannas praecipitasset Romana res, Liv. 27, 40: ad exitium praecipitans, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 7.
      2. 2. To be too hasty: cum vitiosum sit adsentiri quicquam aut falsum aut incognitum, sustinenda est potius omnis adsensio, ne praecipitet, si temere processerit, Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.
        Hence, praecĭpĭ-tanter, adv., hastily, precipitately: agens mannos ad villam, Lucr. 3, 1063.

praecĭpĭtantĭa, ae, f. [praecipito], a falling headlong, a rapid fall (post-class.), Gell. 6, 2, 11; 9, 1, 5.

praecĭpĭtātĭo, ōnis, f. [praecipito], a falling headlong, headlong hurry, inconsiderate haste (post-Aug.), Vitr. 5, 12; Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 6; App. de Mundo, p. 61, 20; Vulg. Psa. 51, 6.

praecĭpĭtātor, ōris, m. [praecipito], a destroyer, overthrower (late Lat.), Aug. c. Duas Epp. Pelag. 1, 4.

praecĭpĭtĭum, ĭi, n. [praecipito].

  1. I. Lit., a steep place, an abrupt descent, a precipice (post-Aug.): in praecipitium propellere, Suet. Aug. 79; Vulg. Judith, 7, 8.
    1. B. Trop.: aut per confragosa vexabitur aut per praecipitia labetur, Lact. 6, 17; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 41, 68.
  2. II. Transf., a falling headlong, a falling down, a fall: dum aliorum praecipitium vident, Lact. 2, 3: (herba urceolaris) contra, lapsus et praecipitia singularis, Plin. 22, 17, 20, § 43.