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quam (archaic form quamde or quande:

  1. I. quamde pro quam usos esse antiquos, cum multi veteres testimonio sunt, tum Ennius … et Lucretius (1, 640), Fest. p. 261 Müll.; cf. Enn. Ann. v. 29, and v. 139 Vahl. So, too, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.), adv. [qui], in what manner, how, how much, as much as: quam nihil praetermittis in consilio dando! quam nihil tamen, quod tibi placeat, explicas! Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1: ut se accusari nolunt! quam cupiunt laudari! id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: quam multa, quam paucis! id. Fam. 11, 24, 1: quam sint morosi, intellegi potest, id. ib. 7, 15, 1: quam vellet, cunctaretur, id. Div. 1, 26, 56: memoriā tenetis, quam valde universi admurmurarint, id. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: quam quisque potest, as much as each one can, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 75: quam potuit, as far as he was able, Val. Max. 4, 1, 5.
    With possum and a sup.: concede huc ab isto, quam potest longissime, as far as possible, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 81: quam possunt mollissime, as gently as possible, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129.
    Also without possum: quam maximas, quam primum, quam saepissime gratias agere, Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 5: ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret, Caes. B. C. 3, 45.
    With posit. (post-Aug.): tum Manlius … quam poterat clarā voce denuntiavit, Val. Max. 6, 4, 1; 3, 2, 1 ext.; 4, 5, 1: dixi de philosophiā quam breviter potui, Lact. 3, 17, 1: tusa cribrataque vino, quam possit excellenti, as excellent as possible, Plin. 20, 24, 100, § 264; 18, 28, 68, § 274.
    1. B. In dependent clauses, indirect questions, etc.: est fidei nostrae, declarare, quam memores simus, Cic. Phil. 14, 11, 29: scio, quam timida sit ambitio, id. Mil. 16, 42: quam id ratum sit, tu judicabis, id. Att. 6, 1, 7: id quam injustum esset, non videbat, id. Off. 3, 21, 82: dici non potest quam sim disputatione tuā delectatus, id. Tusc. 2, 4, 10; id. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52; id. Fin. 1, 11, 37; 1, 20, 65; 5, 12, 35; id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47; 2, 1, 21, § 52; 2, 4, 44, § 98: videte quam iniqui sint, Sall. J. 85, 25; 62, 9: ut sentias quam vile sit corpus, Liv. 2, 12, 3; 24, 5, 2; Nep. Timoth. 4, 2.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. In comparisons, as, than.
      1. 1. With tam: tam ego ante fui liber, quam gnatus tuos, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 60; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 11: si era me sciat tam socordem esse quam sum, id. Cist. 4, 2, 5: tua est imago: tam consimilis est, quam potest, id. Men. 5, 9, 4: tam esse clemens tyrannus quam rex importunus potest, Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; id. Div. 1, 6, 10 et saep.; v. tam.
      2. 2. With ellipsis of corresp. tam: homo non, quam isti sunt, gloriosus, not so celebrated as those, Liv. 35, 49: claris majoribus, quam vetustis, rather than, Tac. A. 4, 61.
      3. 3. With sup. and a corresp. tam, by how much the more, the more: quam acerbissima olea oleum facies, tam oleum optimum erit, the bitterer the olives, the better will be the oil, Cato, R. R. 65, 1: quam paucissimos reliqueris, tam optimi fiunt, Varr. R. R. 2, 9: quam quisque pessume fecit, tam maxume tutus est, Sall. J. 31, 14.
      4. 4. With magis: quam magis … tam magis, the more … the more, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5.
        With tam omitted: quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, Verg. G. 3, 309.
        With the second magis omitted: quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6.
        In the reverse order: tam magis … quam magis, the more … the more, Verg. A. 7, 787.
      5. 5. With tanto: quam magis … tanto magis, the more … the more, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 19; so Lucr. 6, 460.
      6. 6. With a double comp.: ne libentius haec in illum evomere videar, quam verius, with more freedom than truth, Cic. Mil. 29, 78: non acrior quam pertinacior impetus Romanorum, Liv. 31, 35: discrimen me occupavit, meliore hostium quam meo tempore, Curt. 7, 7, 9.
      7. 7. Tam … quam, with the comp. for the posit., so … as: per dexteram te istam oro non tam in bellis et proeliis, quam in promissis et fide firmiorem, Cic. Deiot. 3, 8.
      8. 8. After comparatives or words of comparison, than: nobis nihil est tlmendum magis quam ille consul, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: his igitur, quam physicis potius credendum existimas? id. Div. 2, 16, 37; Cassius ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 1; Cic. Pis. 26, 62: majorem pecuniam praetori polliceri, quam quantam hic dedisset, id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167: qui plures milites eorum occidisset, quam quot superessent, Liv. 35, 12.
        So after verbs which imply comparison, verbs of preference, excellence, etc.; after praestat, Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 4; after malo: esse quam videri bonus malebat, Sall. C. 54, 5: an est quod ego malim quam? Cic. Par. 1; after statuo, Nep. Dat. 8, 1; after probo, Tac. A. 1, 58; after volo ( = βούλομαι ἤ), Liv. 3, 68, 11; 25, 29, 6.
        Rarely quantus is used to strengthen quam, after comp.: de re majore quam quanta ea esset, Liv. 30, 23, 2: implere homines certioris spei, quam quantam fides promissi humani subicere solet, id. 26, 19, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.; 22, 2, 19.
        But quam is often omitted after plus, minus, amplius, etc., without changing the case: minus duo milia hominum effugerunt, Liv. 24, 16, 4: plus partem dimidiam hominum caesam, id. 36, 40, 5; cf. id. 29, 25, 2: cum decem haud plus milibus militum, id. 28, 1, 5: ut hoc nostrum desiderium ne plus sit annuum, Cic. Att. 5, 1, 1: ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria, id. Tusc. 2, 16, 37: plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45; Prop. 2, 19, 18 (3, 17, 32); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 485.
      9. 9. With sic (poet.): quam multā grandine nimbi Culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros pulsat, etc., Verg. A. 5, 458.
        With sic omitted, Verg. A. 6, 309 sqq.
      10. 10. After aeque, so much … as: nihil aeque eos terruit, quam robur ac color imperatoris, Liv. 28, 26.
      11. 11. After contra, otherwise … than, not so … as: contra faciunt, quam professi sunt, Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11.
        So after secus: ne me secus honore honestes quam ego te, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50.
      12. 12. After alius, with a preceding negative, not otherwise than, no other than: nil aliud agens quam ut, etc., nothing else than, Liv. 44, 27, 12: neque aliud totā urbe agi quam bellum apparari, id. 4, 26, 12; Nep. Hann. 10, 1: ob nullam aliam causam, quam ne, from no other cause than, Liv. 45, 25; 34, 2, 12.
        Rarely with alius affirmatively (for ac): ipse me paulum in aliā quam prius habuerim opinione nunc esse confiteor, Quint. 3, 6, 63.
      13. 13. After aliter, otherwise than: ne aliter, quam ego velim, meum laudet ingenium, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 24: ne aliter quam si, etc., Col. 4, 2, 2.
      14. 14. After supra: saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit, more than, Cic. Or. 40, 139.
      15. 15. After ultra: ultra, quam satis est, producitur, farther than, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26.
      16. 16. After diversum, otherwise than: pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant, something altogether different from what, Quint. 1, 4, 29; cf., after advorsum, only Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 139 Brix ad loc.
      17. 17. After words denoting number or quantity, which serve for comparison: dimidium tributi quam quod regibus ferre soliti erant, populo Romano pendere, the half of what, half as much as, Liv. 45, 18: multiplex, quam pro numero, damnum est, too great for, greater than, id. 7, 8: ferramenta duplicia, quam numerus servorum exigit, twice as many as, Col. 1, 8, 8.
        So, too, after designations of time: die vigesimā, quam creatus erat, dictaturā se abdicavit, on the twentieth day after, Liv. 6, 29: tabellarii venerunt post diem sextum, quam a vobis discesserant, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1: postridie venissemus, quam … fuissemus, Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 9: postero die quam illa erant acta, id. de Or. 2, 3, 12: saeculis multis ante … inventa sunt, quam, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 21.
      18. 18. After the sup.: bellum gerere cum tyranno, quam qui unquam, saevissimo et violentissimo in suos, the most cruel that ever was, Liv. 34, 32.
      19. 19. So with rel. and sup. after tam: tam gratum mihi id erit, quam quod gratissimum, Cic. Fam. 13, 3: tam sum amicus rei publicae quam qui maxime, id. ib. 5, 2, 6: ego sum tam mitis, quam qui lenissimus, id. Sull. 31, 87.
      20. 20. Sometimes with magis or potius to be supplied, more … than: tacita mulier semper, quam loquens, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70 dub.: pacem quam bellum probabam, Tac. A. 1, 58.
    2. B. In mere intensive expressions, exceedingly, very, quite, indeed: admodum quam saevos est, very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43: nimis quam formido, ne, etc., id. Most. 2, 2, 79: nimis quam cupio, id. Capt. 1, 2, 17: quam familiariter, Ter. And. 1, 1, 109: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, very few indeed, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3: mire quam, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 3: sane quam refrixit, id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5.

quamdĕ, v. quam init.

quam-dĭu, less freq. quandĭu (mostly as two words, sometimes separated: quam voluit diu, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7), adv.

  1. I. Interrog., how long ago? how long? quamdiu id factum est? Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 3: quandiu apud vos ero, Vulg. Marc. 9, 18.
  2. II. Rel.
      1. 1. Of time, as long as, until, during (class.): quamdiu potuit, tacuit, Caes. B. G. 1, 17: disces, quamdiu voles, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; Col. 12, 52, 13.
          1. (β) Until (very rare): jubebat, ut semper id comesset, quamdiu tamen melius invenisset, Lampr. Elag. 29, 7.
            Comp.: quamdiutius, Not. Tir. p. 35.
            Sup.: ‡ quamdiutissime, Not. Tir. p. 35.
      2. 2. Of inference, inasmuch as, in that (late Lat.): quandiu fecistis uni ex his fratribus, Vulg. Matt. 25, 40.

‡ quamdĭūtĭnus, a, um, adj. [quamdiu], lasting how long, of how long duration, Not. Tir. p. 35.

quamdūdum, more correctly as two words, quam dūdum.

quam-lĭbet (-lŭbet), adv.

  1. I. As it pleases, as you (they, etc.) will, at pleasure: quamlubet esto unica res, Lucr. 2, 541: lambe otio, Phaedr. 1, 24, 6.
  2. II. In gen., how much soever, ever so much, howsoever: quodvis quamlibet tenue munusculum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3: occupat egressas quamlibet ante rates, Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 5: infirmae manus, howsoever weak, id. Am. 1, 7, 66: quamlibet parum sit, however inconsiderable it may be, Quint. 1, 1, 18; 1, 12, 5; 5, 13, 56; 12, 1, 29: specularis lapis finditur in quamlibet tenues crustas, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 160; 3, 5, 9, § 54; 6, 4, 4, § 13: hoc pretio quamlibet numerosa subsellia inplentur, Plin. Ep. 2, 14, 6; 10, 96 (97), 2; id. Pan. 61, 2: quamlibet pulchra elocutio, Quint. 2, 4, 32; 12, 8, 7; 8, 6, 4.
    1. B. For quamvis, although (post-class.), Sol. 9.

quămobrem (or quăm ob rem), adv. [quam-ob-rem] (class.).

  1. I. Interrog., for what reason? on what account? wherefore? why? Am. Scelestissumum te arbitror. So. Nam quamobrem? Am. Quia, etc., Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2: quem ad finem? … quamobrem? quam ob causam? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Fin. 1, 5, 15.
    In indirect questions: cum quaereret quam ob rem Ariovistus non decertaret. Caes. B. G. 1, 50.
  2. II. Rel., from which cause or reason, wherefore, why: hoc est homini, quamobrem vitam amet, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 11; id. Most. 2, 1, 66; id. Aul. 4, 10, 6: multae sunt causae, quamobrem cupio abducere, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 65; Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1: verum illud est, quamobrem haec commemorarim, id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135: si res reperietur, quam obrem videantur, id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8; id. Caecin. 33, 96.
      1. 2. At the beginning of a sentence, as a particle of transition, on which account, for which cause, wherefore: quamobrem quaeso a vobis, Asiatici testes, Cic. Fl. 27, 65: quamobrem quoniam, etc. … utar eā clausulā, etc., id. Fam. 2, 4, 2; 10, 10, 1.

quamplūres, a (or quam plūres), adj. [quam-plus], very many (ante-class. and post-Aug. for complures): curiosi sunt hic quamplures mali, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 44: palaestritae, Petr. 21.
Sup.: quamplūrĭ-mus (quam plūrĭmus), a, um; commonly in plur., very many: colles, Caes. B. C. 3, 45: radices, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126.
Hence, subst.: quamplūrĭmum, i, n., very much: quam plurimo vendere, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50: quam plurimum brassicae, Cato, R. R. 157, 8.

quamprīdem, v. pridem.

quam -prīmum (or quam prī-mum), forthwith, as soon as possible (class.): hominem istum quam primum absolvitote, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 18: huic mandat, ut ad se quamprimum revertatur, Caes. B. G. 4, 21; Cic. Fam. 2, 6, 1: invisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem, Verg. A. 4, 631.
With posse: ut quamprimum possis, redeas, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 88: sed recipe te, quam primum potes, id. Pers. 1, 1, 52.

quam-quam (quan-),

  1. I. conj., though, although, albeit; ante-class. always, and in class. prose regularly joined with indic.; by Cic. rarely with the subj., and usu. when the general idea would demand the subj. (as potential, conditional, consecutive, etc.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 574; Madv. § 361, A, 3; and v. esp. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 696 sq.).
          1. (α) With indic.: quamquam blandā voce vocabam, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 50 Vahl.): quamquam libenter escis alienis studes, Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 8; id. Mil. 4, 8, 44: quamquam est scelestus, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5: quamquam id est minime probandum, Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 42; 1, 4, 7; id. Ac. 2, 6, 16; 1, 9, 34: quamquam non venit ad finem tam audax inceptum, tamen, etc., Liv. 10, 32: Romani, quamquam fessi erant, Sall. J. 53: quamquam festinas, non est mora longa, Hor. C. 1, 28, 35 et saep.
          2. (β) With subj.: quamquam illa ipsa exclamatio Non potest melius sit velim crebra, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101: quamquam sint in quibusdam malis, tamen, etc., id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85: quamquam ne id quidem suspicionem coitionis habuerit, although even that gave rise to no suspicion, id. Planc. 22, 53; id. de Or. 2, 1, 1: Romanis, quamquam procul a patriā pugnarent, etc., Liv. 23, 29, 7: quamquam nonnullis leve visum iri putem, Nep. Att. 13. 6: quamquam moveretur his vocibus, Liv. 36, 34, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf. id. 6, 9, 6; 45, 17, 7.
          3. (γ) Ellipt., with an adj. or part.: bellum atque arma, quamquam vobis invisa, tamen quia Lepido placent, sumenda sunt, Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 48, 2: acri viro, et quamquam advorso populi partium, famá tamen aequabili, id. J. 43, 1 Dietsch: omnia illa, quamquam expetenda, etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 68: curam adhibere, quamquam difficili in re, id. Fam. 2, 7, 3; 5, 3, 4; Liv. 4, 53, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.
          4. (δ) With a subj.-clause: quamquam ne impudicitiam quidem nunc abesse Pallante adultero, Tac. A. 12, 65, 3.
  2. II. In partic., as a rhetor. particle of transition, inobjections made by the speaker himself, although, however, yet, nevertheless, notwithstanding: quamquam, quem potissimum Herculem colamus, scire sane velim, Cic. N. D. 3, 16, 42: quamquam quid loquor, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: quamquam te quidem quid hoc doceam, id. de Or. 2, 47, 197; id. Phil. 2, 16, 42: quamquam o! sed superent, etc., Verg. A. 5, 195.

quam-vīs, adv. and conj.

  1. I. Adv., as you will, as much as you will or like, ever so much, ever so; hence, to designate a very high degree, as much as possible, very much, exceedingly (class.): quamvis multos nominatim proferre, as many as you will, very many, Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 47: esse quamvis facetum atque salsum, id. de Or. 2, 56, 228: quamvis callide, quamvis audacter, quamvis impudenter, id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134: quamvis subito, id. Lael. 5, 17: et praeter eos quamvis enumeres multos licet, ever so many, id. Leg. 3, 10, 24: per populum quamvis justum et moderatum, id. Rep. 1, 27, 43; 2, 30, 101: quamvis pauci, Caes. B. G. 4, 2: quamvis pernix, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 79: ridiculus, id. Men. 2, 2, 43: humanus et jocosus homo, Varr. R. R. 2, 5.
    With sup.: quamvis vitiosissimus orator, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103; Col. 7, 8, 4; 2, 2, 25; 4, 24, 19; Tac. H. 2, 30; 3, 28; Quint. 6, prooem. 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 1.
  2. II. Conj., as much as ever you will, i. e. how much soever, however much, although, albeit; regularly joined with subj. (not so in Livy); only rarely, and mostly post-Aug., with indic. (v. infra).
          1. (α) With subj.: homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, tamen, etc., Cic. Phil. 2, 16, 39: non igitur potestas est cum velis opitulandi rei publicae, quamvis ea prematur periculis, nisi, etc., id. Rep. 1, 6, 10: quamvis sit magna (exspectatio), tamen eam vinces, id. ib. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quamvis prudens ad cogitandum sis sicut es, tamen nisi, etc., id. Att. 12, 37, 2; and with this cf.: huc accedit, quod quamvis ille felix sit sicut est, tamen, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22: ipsas quamvis angusti terminus aevi Excipiat … At genus immortale manet, Verg. G. 4, 206.
            In a negative clause: senectus enim quamvis non sit gravis, Cic. Lael. 3, 11; 26, 97; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23: quamvis non fueris suasor, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 2.
          2. (β) With indic.: erat inter eos dignitate regiā, quamvis carebat nomine, Nep. Milt. 2, 2: quamvis infesto animo et minaci perveneras, Liv. 2, 40, 7; Cels. 1 praef.: quamvis est enim omnis hyperbole ultra finem, non tamen esse debet ultra modum, Quint. 8, 6, 73: carne tamen quamvis distat nil, Hor. S. 2, 2, 29: quamvis tacet Hermogenes, id. ib. 1, 3, 129; cf. Dillenb. ad Hor. C. 1, 28, 13; Verg. A. 5, 542; Ov. M. 2, 782. In Cic. only in joining to his discourse a Lucilian verse beginning with quamvis, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86.
          3. (γ) Without a verb, Carm. Marci ap. Fest. s. v. negumate, p. 165 Müll.: res bello gesserat, quamvis rei publicae calamitosas, attamen magnas, Cic. Phil. 2, 45, 116: quamvis iniqua passi, id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224; Col. 9, 14, 14.