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turma, ae, f. [Sanscr. root tvar-, tur-, hasten; v. turba], a division of Roman cav alry, the tenth part of an ala, consisting at first of thirty, and afterwards of thirty-two men; a troop, squadron of horse.
- I. Lit., Varr. L. L. 5, 16, 26; Veg. Mil. 2, 14; Fest p. 355; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 6, 8; 7, 45; 7, 80, 7, 88; Hirt. B. G. 8, 19; Cic. Att. 5, 21, 10; id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; Hor. C. 2, 16, 22; id. Ep. 2, 1, 190 al.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 258 sq.
- II. Transf., in gen., a troop, crowd, throng, band, body: in turmā inauratarum equestrium (statuarum), Cic. Att. 6, 1, 17: immanis Titanum, Hor. C. 3, 4, 43: Iliae, id. C. S. 38: cristatae exercitus. Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 133; id. in Ruf. 2, 343: Alexan dri, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 64: feminea, Ov. P. 4, 10, 51: Gallica, i. e. of priests of Isis, id. Am. 2, 13, 18.
turmālis, e, adj. [turma], of or belong ing to a troop or squadron.
- I. Lit., as subst.: turmāles, ium, m.: T. Manlius cum suis turmalibus evasit, i. e. with those of his squadron or troop, Liv. 8, 7, 1; 25, 18, 11.
- II. Transf.: non sanguine cretus Turmali trabeāque Remi, i. e. of the equestrian order, Stat. S. 5, 2, 17: buccina, a cav alry-trumpet, Claud. B. Gild. 447.
In a pun Scipio ille major Corinthiis statuam pollicentibus eo loco, ubi aliorum essent impe ratorum, turmales dixit displicere, i. e horsemen, and also crowds, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262.
Neutr. adverb.: Bellona mixta viris turmale fremit, like a whole squadron, Stat. Th. 4, 10.
turmārĭi, ōrum, m. [turma], recruiting officers of cavalry, Cod. Th. 6, 35, 3.
turmātim, adv. [turma].
- I. Lit., by troops or squadrons: equites se turmatim explicare coeperunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 93: nostri turmatim in eum devenerunt, Hirt. B. G. 8, 18: vagantibus circa moenia turmatim barbaris, Liv. 5, 39, 5: abire, id. 28, 13, 9 al.
- II. Transf., in gen., in troops, in bands: corpora turmatim certantia, Lucr. 2, 118.