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ădoptĭo, ōnis, f. [v. adoptatio],
- I. a taking or receiving of one in the place of a child (also of a grandchild, Dig. 1, 7, 10), an adopting, adoption (properly of one still under paternal authority, in patria potestate; on the contr., arrogatio referred to one who was already independent, homo sui juris. The former took place before the praetor or other magistrate and five witnesses, by a threefold mancipatio, i. e. sham sale; the latter could only be effected before the assembled people in the comitia curiata, Gell. 5, 19; Just. Inst. 1, 11; Dig. 1, 7. More used than adoptatio, q. v.): emancipare filium alicui in adoptionem, Cic. Fin. 1, 7: dare se alicui in adoptionem, Vell. 2, 8, 2; Suet. Tib. 2; cf. Liv. 45, 40: adscire aliquem per adoptionem, Tac. A. 1, 3; or, in adoptionem, id. H. 2, 1: inserere aliquem familiae per adoptionem, Suet. Claud. 39 fin.: adscitus adoptione in imperium et cognomentum, Tac. A. 11, 11: adoptio in Domitium festinatur, id. ib. 12, 25: adoptionem nuncupare, to make known, to announce, id. H. 1, 17: adoptio consularis, performed by a consul, Quint. prooem. 6, 13 Spald. al.
- II. Transf., of plants, the ingrafting, Plin. prooem. 1, 16.
Of bees, the admittance to or reception in a new hive: ut tamquam novae prolis adoptione domicilia confirmentur, Col. 9, 13, 9.
In eccl. Lat., in spiritual sense of adoption as children of God: adoptionem filiorum Dei, Vulg. Rom. 8, 23; ib. Gal. 4, 5; ib. Ephes. 1, 5.
ădoptīvus, a, um, adj. [adopto], pertaining to adoption, made or acquired by adoption, adoptive: filius, an adopted son: P. Scipio, Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 19 (opp. naturalis, a son by birth): filiorum neque naturalem Drusum neque adoptivum Germanicum patria caritate dilexit, Suet. Tib. 52: pater adoptivus, who has adopted one as son (or grandson, v. adoptio), an adoptive father, Dig. 45, 1, 107: frater, soror, etc., a brother, sister, etc., by adoption, not by birth, ib. 23, 2, 12, and 38, 8, 3; so also, familia, the family into which one has been received by adoption, ib. 37, 4, 3: adoptiva sacra, of the family into which one has been adopled (opp. paterna): neque amissis sacris paternis in haec adoptiva venisti, Cic. Dom. 13, 35: nomen, received by adoption (opp. nomen gentile), Suet. Ner. 41: nobilitas, nobility acquired by adoption, Ov. F. 4, 22.
Transf., of the ingrafting of plants (cf. adoptio): fissaque adoptivas accipit arbor opes, bears fruits not natural to it, ingrafted, Ov. Med. Fac. 5; Mart. 13, 46: quae sit adoptivis arbor onusta comis, Pall. de Insit. 20; cf. 144, 160 (cf. Verg. G. 2, 82: Miraturque (arbos) novas frondes et non sua poma).