Lewis & Short

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1. asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra: aspris = asperis, Verg. A. 2, 379; aspro = aspero, Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with ἀσπαίρω, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

  1. I.
    1. 1. Lit.: lingua aspera tactu, Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325: mixta aspera levibus, Lucr. 2, 471: in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi, Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum; lene, asperum, id. Fin. 2, 12, 36: tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli, Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf. Leucas, Luc. 1, 42: loca, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29: viae asperae, ib. Bar. 4, 26: vallis aspera, ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2: glacies, Verg. E. 10, 49: hiems, Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375; and of climate: aspera caelo Germania, harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.
      Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. τραχύς (cf. exaspero): aspera signis Pocula, Verg. A. 9, 263: Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis, id. ib. 5, 267: signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater, Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.: stantem extra pocula caprum, Juv. 1, 76): Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho, Ov. M. 13, 701: aspera pocula, Prop. 2, 6, 17: ebur, Sen. Hippol. 899: balteus, Val. Fl. 5, 578: cingula bacis, Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279: nummus, not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19: mare, agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.
      Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior: barba, Tib. 1, 8, 32: sentes, Verg. A. 2, 379: rubus, id. E. 3, 89: mucro, Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).
      1. 2. Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness: quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis, Mart. 11, 86, 1.
      2. 3. Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place: latens in asperis radix, Hor. Epod. 5, 67: aspera maris, Tac. A. 4, 6: propter aspera et confragosa, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53: per aspera et devia, Suet. Tib. 60: erunt aspera in vias planas, Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.
        Also in the sup. absol.: asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus, Tac. A. 3, 5.
  2. II. Transf.
      1. 1. Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent: asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49: asper sapor maris, Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis; quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius, id. 19, 6, 34, § 111: asperrimum piper, id. 12, 7, 14, § 27: acetum quam asperrimum, id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.
      2. 2. Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.: (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum, Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.
        Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R (also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.
        In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant; virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat, Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53: duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem, Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.
      3. 3. Of smell, sharp, pungent: herba odoris asperi, Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.
  3. III. Trop.
  1. A.
    1. a. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14): quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos, Cic. Planc. 16, 40: orator truculentus, asper, maledicus, id. Brut. 34, 129: aspera Juno, Verg. A. 1, 279: juvenis monitoribus asper, Hor. A. P. 163: patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis, Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27: rebus non asper egenis, Verg. A. 8, 365: cladibus asper, exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485: asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus, unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2: (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā, Ov. M. 13, 803: Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus, Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21: asper contemptor divom Mezentius, Verg. A. 7, 647: aspera Pholoe, coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.
      Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living: accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur, Cic. Mur. 29: (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis, id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.): (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae, Liv. 39, 40: (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli, Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner: Camilla aspera, id. ib. 11, 664; cf.: gens laboribus et bellis asperrima, Just. 2, 3: virgo aspera, i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.
        1. b. Of animals, wild, savage, fierce: (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu, Verg. G. 3, 434: bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax, id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11: ille (lupus) asper Saevit, Verg. A. 9, 62: lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper, Ov. M. 11, 402: ille (leo) asper retro redit, Verg. A. 9, 794: tigris aspera, Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10: (equus) asper frena pati, Sil. 3, 387.
    2. B. Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets): in periculis et asperis temporibus, Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, (our) circumstances are bad, (our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13: venatus, Verg. A. 8, 318: bellum, Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7: pugna, Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124: fata, id. ib. 6, 882: odia, id. ib. 2, 96.
      Absol.: multa aspera, Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.
      Of discourse, severe, abusive: asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem, Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68: verba, Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3: vox, Curt. 7, 1.
      Adv.
        1. a. Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.
        2. b. Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
      1. 1. Transf.: loqui, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5: dicere, id. 2, 8, 15: syllabae aspere coëuntes, id. 1, 1, 37.
      2. 2. Trop.: aspere accipere aliquid, Tac. A. 4, 31: aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6: aspere agere aliquid, Liv. 3, 50: aspere et ferociter et libere dicta, Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28: aspere et vehementer loqui, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.
        Comp.: asperius loqui aliquid, Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: asperius scribere de aliquo, id. Att. 9, 15.
        Sup.: asperrime loqui in aliquem, Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5: asperrime pati aliquid, Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1: asperrime saevire in aliquem, Vell. 2, 7.

2. Asper, eri, m.

  1. I. A cognomen of L. Trebonius: L. Trebonius … insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit, Liv. 3, 65, 4.
  2. II. Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

aspĕrātus, a, um, Part., v. aspero.

aspĕrē, adv., v. asper fin.

1. a-spergo (adsp-, Ritschl, Jan; asp-, others; in MSS. sometimes aspar-go, v. Cort. ad Luc. 1, 384, and Wagner ad Verg. G. 3, 419, and infra examples from Lucr. and Hor.; cf. 2. aspergo), ersi, ersum, 3, v. a. [spargo].

  1. I. Aliquid (alicui rei), to scatter, strew something on something; or of liquids, to sprinkle, spatter over (syn.: adfundo, inicio; never in Ovid, but he often uses the simple spargo).
    1. A. Lit.: aequor Ionium glaucis aspargit virus ab undis, Lucr. 1, 719 Lachm.: Ah! adspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus, you have dashed water on me, have revived me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15: Euax, adspersisti aquam, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 13: guttam bulbo (with a play upon the names Gutta and Bulbus), Cic. Clu. 26, 71: pigmenta in tabulā, id. Div. 1, 13, 23: corpus ejus adustum adspergunt aliis carnibus, Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136: liquor adspersus oculis, id. 12, 8, 18, § 34: Bubus glandem tum adspergi convenit, id. 18, 26, 63, § 232: corpus floribus aspersis veneratus est, Suet. Aug. 18: pecori virus aspergere, to infect, poison, Verg. G. 3, 419: aspergens cinerem capiti, Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 15: huc tu jussos asperge sapores, Verg. G. 4, 62: Non nihil aspersis gaudet Amor lacrimis, Prop. 1, 12, 16: sanguinem aspergere, Vulg. 2 Par. 29, 24: nivem, ib. Eccli. 43, 19.
    2. B. Trop.: cum clarissimo viro non nullam laudatione tuā labeculam aspergas, fasten upon, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41: ne qua ex tuā summā indignitate labes illius dignitati aspersa videatur, id. ib. 6, 15: notam alicui, Dig. 37, 14, 17 fin. (cf.: allinere notam, Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17).
      So of an inheritance, to bestow, bequeath something to, to set apart for: Aebutio sextulam aspergit, Cic. Caecin. 6, 17.
      Poet.: alas: lacteus extentas aspergit circulus alas, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 175.
      In gen., to add to, to join, = adjungere: si illius (sc. Catonis majoris) comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris, Cic. Mur. 31 fin.: huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales, id. Or. 26, 87; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10: hos aspersi, ut scires etc., id. Fam. 2, 16 fin.
  2. II. Aliquem or aliquid aliquā re (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 362; Zumpt, Gr. § 418), to strew some person or thing with something, to splash over, besprinkle, bespatter, bedew, lit. and trop.
    1. A. Lit.: ah, guttulā Pectus ardens mihi adspersisti (cf. supra, aquam), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 28: quas (sedes) nec nubila nimbis Aspergunt, Lucr. 3, 20: ne aram sanguine aspergeret, Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 9, 33; ib. Apoc. 19, 13: sanguine mensas, Ov. M. 5, 40; and with de: asperget de sanguine ejus (turturis) parietem altaris, Vulg. Lev. 5, 9: vaccam semine, Liv. 41, 13: Vinxit et aspersas altera vitta comas, the sprinkled hair, Prop. 5, 11, 34 (Müller, † acceptas): imbre lutoque Aspersus, Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 12 K. and H.; Claud. B. Gild. 494: aquā, Vulg. Num. 8, 7; ib. 2 Macc. 1, 21: hyssopo, ib. Psa. 50, 9: cinere, ib. Jer. 25, 34: terrā, ib. 2 Macc. 10, 25 al.
    2. B. Trop.: (Mons Idae) primo parvis urbibus aspersus erat, dotted over with, Mel. 1, 18, 2: aures gemitu, to fill, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 1: auditiunculā quādam aspersus, i. e. imbutus, instructed, Gell. 13, 19, 5: aspersi corda a conscientiā malā, Vulg. Heb. 10, 22.
      Esp., to spot, stain, sully, defile, asperse: hunc tu vitae splendorem maculis aspergis istis? Cic. Planc. 12, 30; so also absol.: leviter aspersus, id. Fam. 6, 6, 9: istius facti non modo suspitione, sed ne infamiā quidem est aspersus, id. Cael. 10; so Liv. 23, 30: aspergebatur etiam infamiā, quod, etc., Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.; so Suet. Ner. 3: aliquem linguā, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49, 62: e quibus unus amet quāvis aspargere cunctos, i. e. quibusvis dicteriis perstringere, laedere, Hor. S. 1, 4, 87 K. and H.

2. aspergo (Merk., Müller, Strüb.; in MSS. sometimes aspargo, Lachm., Rib., e. g. Verg. A. 3, 534, acc. to Non. p. 405, 5, and Vel. Long. p. 2234 P.; v. 1. aspergo), ĭnis, f. (in the ante-class. per. com. acc. to Prisc. p. 658 P.) [1. aspergo].

  1. I. A sprinkling, besprinkling (most freq. in the poets, never in Cic., who uses aspersio, q. v.): aspergo aquarum, Ov. M. 7, 108: aquae, Petr. 102, 15: (Peneus) Nubila conducit, summasque aspergine silvas Impluit, Ov. M. 1, 572: sanguis virides aspergine tinxerat herbas, id. ib. 3, 86; 3, 683 al.: Aspergine et gelu pruinisque (lapides) rumpuntur, Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167: parietum, the moisture, sweat, upon walls, Cato, R. R. 128; so Vitr. 5, 11, 1, and Plin. 22, 21, 30, § 63.
    Trop.: omni culparum aspergine liber, Prud. Apoth. 1005.
  2. II. Meton. (abstr. for concr.), that which is sprinkled, drops: hic ubi sol radiis . … Adversa fulsit nimborum aspargine contra, opposite to the falling rain, Lucr. 6, 525 Lachm.: Objectae salsā spumant aspargine cautes, the spray, Verg. A. 3, 534: Flammiferā gemini fumant aspergine postes, Ov. M. 14, 796: maduere graves aspergine pennae, id. ib. 4, 729: arborei fetus aspergine caedis in atram Vertuntur faciem, by means of the sprinkled blood, id. ib. 4, 125 al.

aspĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [asper], the quality of asper, unevenness, roughness (opp. 2. levitas).

  1. I. Lit.: saxorum asperitates, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98: asperitas viarum, id. Phil. 9, 1, 2: locorum, Sall. J. 75, 2: angustiae locorumque asperitas, Liv. 32, 12 fin.; 43, 21; 44, 5 al.: linguae, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172: ventris, id. 11, 37, 79, § 201: squamarum, Gell. 2, 6: faucium, Plin. 30, 4, 11, § 32: animi asperitas seu potius animae, hoarseness, id. 22, 24, 51, § 111: ob asperitatem hiemis, roughness, severity, Tac. A. 4, 56: asperitas frigorum abest, id. Agr. 12: densaque cedit Frigoris asperitas, Ov. F. 4, 88 al.: asperitas luti, dryness, barrenness of the clay, Vitr. 2, 3.
    Of raised work (cf. 1. asper, I., and exaspero): vasa anaglypta in asperitatemque excisa, with figures in basrelief, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 139.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. Of taste, harshness, sharpness, acidity, tartness: vini, Plin. 14, 19, 24, § 120: pomi, id. 12, 10, 21, § 38: aceti, id. 9, 35, 58, § 120: aquarum, the brackish taste of water, id. 12, 9, 20, § 37 al.
      2. 2. Of hearing, roughness, harshness of tone: vocis, Lucr. 4, 542: soni, Tac. G. 3.
      3. 3. Of sight, inequality, contrast: cum aspectus ejus scaenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus, on account of the contrast of light and shade, Vitr. 7, 5: intercolumniorum, id. 3, 3.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of moral qualities, roughness, harshness, severity, fierceness, asperity: si quis eā asperitate est et immanitate naturae, congressus ut hominum fugiat atque oderit, etc., Cic. Lael. 23, 87: avunculi, Nep. Att. 5, 1: patris, Ov. M. 9, 752: artibus ingenuis Pectora mollescunt, asperitasque fugit, id. P. 1, 6, 8: asperitatis et invidiae corrector, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 129.
      Of a rigid, austere manner of life: quam illorum (Stoicorum) tristitiam atque asperitatem fugiens Panaetius nec acerbitatem sententiarum nec disserendi spinas probavit, Cic. Fin. 4, 28, 79; cf. 1. asper, II. A.
      And of rudeness in external appearance, opp. to a polished, cultivated bearing: asperitas agrestis, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 6.
    2. B. Of things, adversity, reverse of fortune, trouble, severity, difficulty (cf. 1. asper, II. B., and acerbitas): in his vel asperitatibus rerum vel angustiis temporis obsequar studiis nostris, Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 3: asperitas belli, Sall. J. 29, 1: remedii, Tac. A. 1, 44.
      Of style, roughness, harshness, τραχύτης (cf. 1. asper, II. B.): oratio in quā asperitas contentionis oratoris ipsius humanitate conditur, Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212. judicialis asperitas, id. ib. 2, 15, 64; so Quint. 1, 8, 11; 10, 5, 14 (cf. id. 11, 3, 23): verborum, Ov. M. 14, 526.

aspĕrĭter, adv., v. asper fin.

asperĭtūdo, v. aspritudo.

aspernābĭlis, e, adj. [aspernor], worthy of contempt, despicable (ante- and postclass.), Att. ap. Non. p. 179, 33; Gell. 16, 8, 16; 16, 11, 3; 20, 1, 10; Arn. 6, p. 203.
Comp.: aspernabilius, Aug. Mor. Manich. 8.

aspernāmentum, i, n. [aspernor], a despising; only Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 14; id. Pud. 8.

aspernanter, adv., v. aspernor fin.

aspernātĭo, ōnis, f. [aspernor], a despising, contemning, disdain (very rare): rationis, * Cic. Tusc. 4, 14, 31: naturalis, Sen. Ep. 121 fin.: illius, * Vulg. Eccli. 22, 1.

* aspernātor, ōris, m. [aspernor], a despiser, contemner: divitum, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 15.

aspernor (wrongly ads-), ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [for ab-spernor, as as-pello for abpello, as-porto for ab-porto; cf. ab init.; Doed. Syn. II. p. 179, and Vanicek, p. 1182], lit., to cast off a person or thing (ab se spernari; cf. sperno and spernor); hence, to disdain, spurn, reject, despise (simply with the accessory idea of aversion = recuso, respuo, reicio, and opp. to appeto, concupisco; on the other hand, contemnere, not to fear, is opp. to metuere, timere; and despicere, not to value a thing, is opp. to revereri; cf. Doed. Syn. cited supra; class.; very freq. in Cic.; more rare in the poets): alicujus familiam, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 24 (aspernari = recusare, avertere, non agnoscere, Don.).

  1. I. Lit.: gustatus id, quod valde dulce est, aspernatur, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99: nemo bonus … qui vos non oculis fugiat, auribus respuat, animo aspernetur, id. Pis. 20; so id. Fat. 20, 47: regem ut externum aspernari, Tac. A. 2, 1: matrem, id. ib. 4, 57: de pace legatos haud aspernatus, id. ib. 15, 27: hanc (proscriptionem) nisi hoc judicio a vobis reicitis et aspernamini, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53: voluptatem appetit, ut bonum: aspernatur dolorem, ut malum, id. Fin. 2, 10, 31; so, ut quodam ab hospite conditum oleum pro viridi adpositum, aspernantibus ceteris, solum etiam largius appetisse scribat, Suet. Caes. 53: si voluptatem aspernari ratione et sapientiā non possemus, Cic. Sen. 12, 42: querimonias alicujus aspernari, contemnere ac neglegere, id. Verr. 2, 4, 51: regis liberalitatem, id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91 al.; Sall. C. 3, 4: diis aspernantibus placamina irae, Liv. 7, 3: deditionem alicujus, id. 8, 2; 9, 41 et saep.: consilia, Tac. G. 8: sententiam, id. ib. 11: honorem, id. ib. 27: militiam, id. H. 2, 36: disciplinam, id. A. 1, 16: virtutem, id. ib. 13, 2: panem, Suet. Ner. 48 fin.: imperium, Curt. 10, 5, 13 et saep.: Interea cave sis nos aspernata sepultos, Prop. 3, 5, 25: aspernabantur ceteros, * Vulg. Luc. 18, 9: haud aspernanda precare, Verg. A. 11, 106; Phaedr. 5, 4, 4.
    With inf. as object: illa refert vultu non aspernata rogari, Stat. S. 1, 2, 105: dare aspernabantur, Tac. A. 4, 46.
    In Cic. once, to turn away, avert (not from one’s self, but from something pertaining to one’s self): furorem alicujus atque crudelitatem a suis aris atque templis, Clu. 68 fin.
  2. II. Trop.: qui colore ipso patriam aspernaris, deny, Cic. Pis. 1.—
    Note: Pass.: qui habet, ultro appetitur; qui est pauper, aspernatur, is held in contempt, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.: regem ab omnibus aspernari, Auct. B. Afr. 93: aspernata potio, Arn. 5, p. 175.
    Hence, aspernanter, adv. (qs. from the part. aspernans, which does not occur), with contempt, contemptuously: aliquid accipere, Amm. 31, 4; so Sid. Ep. 7, 2.
    Comp., Aug. Mus. 4, 9.
    Sup. prob. not used.

aspĕro (aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.

  1. I.
    1. A. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.): asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici, Col. 8, 3, 6: tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt, become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20: cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur, Pall. 7, 7, 2: (vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere, id. 3, 31, 2: Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas, throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. περὶ στεφ. 14, 275.
    2. B. Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.): sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant, to point, Tac. G. 46.
      Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit, Tac. A. 15, 54: abruptaque saxa asperat, Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).
  2. II. Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate: indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat, Stat. Th. 1, 137: hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam, Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12: ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc., id. H. 3, 38: ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur, to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29: iram victoris, id. H. 2, 48.

aspersĭo, ōnis, f. [aspergo], a sprinkling upon, a sprinkling.

  1. I. Lit.: aspersione aquae, Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 24; Macr. S. 3, 1: sanguinis aspersio, Vulg. Heb. 12, 24; ib. 1 Pet. 1, 2: pulveris, ib. 3 Reg. 20, 28.
    Of the laying on of colors: aspersio fortuita, Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23.
  2. II. Trop.: ut sint in aquam aspersionis, for a water of scattering, separation, Vulg. Num. 19, 9.

1. aspersus (adsp-), a, um, Part. of aspergo.

2. aspersus (adsp-, Jan), ūs, m. [aspergo], a sprinkling upon (used only in the abl., and perh. only in Plin.): calidae aquae adspersu, Plin. 8, 37, 56, § 134: insecta olei adspersu necantur, id. 11, 53, 115, § 279: aceti adspersu, id. 13, 12, 26, § 82 al.

aspĕrūgo, ĭnis, f. [asper], a plant with prickly leaves: Asperugo procumbens, Linn.: similis (lappaginis), sed asperioribus foliis asperugo, Plin. 26, 10, 65, § 102.

asprĭtūdo (asperĭtūdo, App. M. 1, p. 103, 20), ĭnis, f. [asper], roughness: modo circa totum corpus partemve aspritudo quaedam fit, Cels. 5, 28, 15: aspritudo oculorum, id. 6, 6, 26; 7, 7, 15 Daremb. al.