Lewis & Short

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1. in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek ἐν, ἐν-θα, ἐν-θεν, εἰς, i. e. ἐν-ς, ἀνά; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

  1. I. With abl.
    1. A. In space.
      1. 1. Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which): aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra, Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61: alii in corde, alii in cerebr
        Note: dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19: eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus, id. Brut. 43, 161: qui sunt cives in eadem re publica, id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.: facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus, id. ib.: T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus, Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4: quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc., Cic. Lael. 26, 97: in foro palam Syracusis, id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81: plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 35: tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset, Cic. Mil. 6, 15: in via fornicata, Liv. 22, 36: vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina, Cic. de Sen. 11, 37: in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit, Quint. 5, 10, 16: nupta in domo, Liv. 6, 34, 9: copias in castris continent, in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66: cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret, Quint. 11, 3, 130: se ac suos in vehiculo conspici, Liv. 5, 40, 10: malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli, Cic. Att. 4, 10: sedere in solio, id. Fin. 2, 21, 66: Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna, id. Phil. 4, 2, 6.
        Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182: heri aliquot adolescentuli coïimus in Piraeo, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1: navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6: complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit, Caes. B. C. 2, 18: caesos in Marathone ac Salamine, Quint. 12, 10, 24: in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum, Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.
      2. 2. In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.): in his poëta hic nomen profitetur suum, Ter. Eun. prol. 3: Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26: peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas, id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.: in perditis et desperatis, id. ib. 13, 56, 1: omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis, id. de Sen. 19, 71: dolor in maximis malis ducitur, id. Leg. 1, 11, 31: justissimus unus in Teucris, Verg. A. 2, 426: cecidere in pugna ad duo milia … in his quatuor Romani centuriones, Liv. 27, 12, 16: in diis et feminae sunt, Lact. 1, 16, 17.
      3. 3. Of analogous relations of place or position: sedere in equo, on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10: quid legati in equis, id. Pis. 25, 60: sedere in leone, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109: in eo flumine pons erat, on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5: in herboso Apidano, on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6: in digitis, on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267: castra in limite locat, on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50: ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo, on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27: oleae in arbore, Cels. 2, 24: Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius, among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61: in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat, Liv. 25, 16, 7: in juvenibus, Quint. 11, 1, 32: nutus in mutis pro sermone est, id. 11, 3, 66.
        Of dress, like cum, q. v.: in veste candida, Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3: in calceis, id. 24, 38, 2: in insignibus, id. 5, 41, 2: in tunicis albis, Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13: in Persico et vulgari habitu, Curt. 3, 3, 4: in lugubri veste, id. 10, 5, 17: in Tyriis, Ov. A. A. 2, 297: in Cois, id. ib. v. 298; cf.: homines in catenis Romam mittere, Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 73.
        So of arms: duas legiones in armis, Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395: in armis hostis, under arms, Ov. M. 12,65: quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so, in oculis provinciae, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2: in oculis omnium, id. ib. 1, 3, 7: divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt, Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6: Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur, Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.
        Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561): in populorum institutis aut legibus, Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42: in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum, id. Fat. 1, 1: in Timaeo dicit, id. N. D. 1, 12, 30: epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant, Nep. Pelop. 3, 2: perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse, Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author’s name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to: in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero, Cic. Or. 71, 234: in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt, Quint. 9, 4, 18.
        Of books: libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt, Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach: philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus, id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18: quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam, id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: rem habere in manibus, id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.: neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret, in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4: postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur, Liv. 32, 24, 2: quod ipsorum in manu sit, … bellum an pacem malint, Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.: inter manus), Liv. 4, 57, 1; so, quorum epistulas in manu teneo, Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2: in manu poculum tenens, id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71: coronati et lauream in manu tenentes, Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin.
        Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.: in animo esse, Cic. Fam. 14, 11: in animo habere, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: lex est ratio insita in natura, id. Leg. 1, 6, 18: in memoria sedere, id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.: tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus, Luc. 1, 247: quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello! Cic. de Sen. 17, 61.
        So freq. of a person’s qualities of mind or character: erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides, Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.: in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis, id. Fin. 4, 41, 37: si quid artis in medicis est, Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.: nibil esse in morte timendum, Lucr. 3, 866.
        Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition: in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc., Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so, quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent, Caes. B. G. 2, 26: videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit, Liv. 37, 14, 5.
        Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.: non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant, Liv. 30, 19, 3: cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret, id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).
    2. B. In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of: feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia, in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6: in tempore hoc, Ter. And. 4, 5, 24: in hoc tempore, Tac. A. 13, 47: in tali tempore, Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.: in diebus paucis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 77: in brevi spatio, id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4: in qua aetate, Cic. Brut. 43 fin.: in ea aetate, Liv. 1, 57: in omni aetate, Cic. de Sen. 3, 9: in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset, Suet. Caes. 7: qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius, in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno): nihil in vita se simile fecisse, id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18: in tota vita inconstans, id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.
        1. b. In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24: ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent, Liv. 33, 5: spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit, id. 2, 47: rebellaturi, Tac. A. 12, 50: atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam, Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.
        2. c. In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances: sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14: vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt, id. ib. 5, 35, 100: id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur, Liv. 21, 37: haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc., for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.
        3. d. With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in: fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus, Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2: vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare, id. Fin. 2, 9, 26: quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat, id. Cat. 3, 3, 6: ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus, in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19: in excidenda Numantia, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76: cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset, id. Or. 21, 74.
    3. C. In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in: qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent, Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18: se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare, id. Cat. 2, 9, 20: Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit, id. Clu. 8, 25.
      So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli, Caes. B. C. 3, 31: torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa? Liv. 23, 9, 7: hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2: in metu, Tac. A. 14, 43: in voluptate, Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62: alicui in amore esse, beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3: alicui in amoribus esse, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: res in invidia erat, Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10: num . . . Diogenem Stoicum coëgit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus? in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21: mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti, even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.
      So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105: similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat, Curt. 5, 5, 23: in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur, Quint. 9, 4, 8: agi in judiciis, id. 11, 1, 78: tum vos mihi essetis in consilio, Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28: in actione … dicere, Quint. 8, 2, 2.
      Of an office, magistracy: in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat, Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1: in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit, Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra): in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus, Cic. Brut, 43, 160: qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc., is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23: etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere, is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31: non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis, id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.: an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio, id. Or. 61, 205: Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis, on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.: et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto, id. ib. 3, 5, 5; but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc., in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8: horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis, in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.: quod mihi in parte verum videtur, Quint. 2, 8, 6: patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est, id. 5, 7, 22: hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt, in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21: in furibus aerarii, Sall. C. 52, 12: Achilles talis in hoste fuit, Verg. A. 2, 540: in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc., in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15: suspectus et in morte matris fuit, Suet. Vit. 14: qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes, Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).
      Of the meaning of words, etc.: non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra, Quint. 9, 3, 36: aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur, id. 9, 3, 69: Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit, Gell. 1, 22, 15: stips non dicitur in significatione trunci, Charis. 1, 18, 39: semper in significatione ea hortus, Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50.
      1. 2. In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality: cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles, Liv. 3, 8, 9: adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est, id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension: in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse, id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174: dum in dubiost animus, Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10: in integro esse, Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4: in incerto esse, Liv. 5, 28, 5: in obvio esse, id. 37, 23, 1: in tuto esse, id. 38, 4, 10; cf.: videre te in tuto, Cat. 30, 6: in aequo esse, Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44: in expedito esse, Curt. 4, 2, 22: in proximo esse, Quint. 1, 3, 4: in aperto esse, Sall. C. 5, 3: in promisco esse, Liv. 7, 17, 7: in augusto esse, Cels. 5, 27, 2: in incerto haberi, Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17: in levi habitum, id. H. 2, 21; cf.: in incerto relinquere, Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.
  2. II. With acc.
    1. A. In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, Cic. Rep. 2, 19: in Ephesum advenit, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35: in Epirum venire, Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3: ibo in Piræeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piræea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod … Piræea scripserim, non Piræeum, quam in quod addiderim; non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10: se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam, id. Rep. 2, 19: remigrare in domum veterem e nova, id. Ac. 1, 4, 13: cum in sua rura venerunt, id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102: a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes, id. Fam. 15, 9: in Ubios legatos mittere, Caes. B. G. 4, 11: dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum, Sall. J. 75, 1: Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat, Liv. 3, 58, 1: abire in exercitum, Plaut. Am. prol. 102.
      With nuntio: cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est, Tac. A. 4, 56: nuntiatur in castra, Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.: allatis in castra nuntiis, Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one’s hands: iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63: Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse, Liv. 5, 27, 3.
      Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into … and place there): in crimen populo ponere, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10: ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent, Caes. B. G. 4, 19: duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi, Liv. 29, 19, 7: prius me collocavi in arborem, Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6: sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse, Caes. B. G. 1, 18.
      Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to: in caelum ascendere, Cic. Lael. 23 fin.: filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset, id. de Or. 1, 53, 228: tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum, up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25: Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso, Ov. M. 1, 113: in flumen deicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.
      1. 2. Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards: quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78: si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat, Cels. 2, 3: Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur, Tac. Agr. 10: in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna, Stat. Th. 2, 218.
        With versus: castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus, towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.: in Galliam versus movere, Sall. C. 56, 4: in ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11: si in urbem versus venturi erant, Plin. Ep. 10, 82.
      2. 3. So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.): in memoriam reducere, Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98: in animum inducere, Liv. 27, 9: in mentem venire, Cic. Fam. 7, 3: frequens imitatio transit in mores, Quint. 1, 11, 3.
        Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.
    2. B. In time, into, till, for: dormiet in lucem, into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34: statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur, Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.: in multam noctem luxit, Suet. Tib. 74: si febris in noctem augetur, Cels. 7, 27: dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14: indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt, for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8: nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem, forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1: ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem, for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58: audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium, id. Agr. 1, 2, 4: subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit, id. Mil. 9, 24: solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos, for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17: postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, Liv. 27, 2: qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum, Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99: seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae, Col. 2, 10, 17.
      With usque: neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem, Quint. 12, 11, 20: in illum usque diem servati, id. 8, 3, 68: in serum usque patente cubiculo, Suet. Oth. 11: regnum trahat usque in tempora fati, Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever: sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10: res dilata est in posterum, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3: video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22: id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt, Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.: ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe, id. 30, 17, 1: effugis in futurum, Tac. H. 1, 71: quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.: oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit, id. Fam. 13, 4, 2: quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt, Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.): sensit miles in tempus conficta, Tac. A. 1, 37: ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet, id. ib. 6, 11: scaena in tempus structa, id. ib. 14, 20.
      So in diem, for the day, to meet the day’s want: nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat, Liv. 22, 40, 8: rapto in diem frumento, id. 4, 10, 1; but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem, i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily: vitium in dies crescit, Vell. 2, 5, 2: in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto, Cic. Att. 5, 7: qui senescat in dies, Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily: nos in diem vivimus, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33: in diem et horam, Hor. S. 2, 6, 47; and in horas, hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.
    3. C. In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into: id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum, about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28: Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est, id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.: cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc., id. de Or. 2, 86, 352: quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam, towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196: in liberos nostros indulgentia, id. ib. 2, 40, 168: de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere, id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.: in dominum quaeri, to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60: in eos impetum facere, id. Att. 2, 22, 1: invehi in Thebanos, Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3: quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet, id. Leg. 1, 10, 29: num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse? Liv. 7, 6, 11: vereor coram in os te laudare amplius, to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5: si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: in puppim rediere rates, Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.: sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi, to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B: se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret, Liv. 21, 42, 2: quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore, Tac. A. 11, 6: haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33: Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio, Liv. 28, 28; so, datae in praesidium cohortes, Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4: haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset, id. Att. 2, 22: qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur, id. Fin. 3, 4, 12: in utramque partem disputat, on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.: facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt, id. Off. 2, 13, 46: cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati, in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.: miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt, id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5: senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit, Liv. 5, 15, 4; also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae, Sall. C. 12, 3: perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse, id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.: senatusconsultum in haec verba factum, Liv. 30, 43, 9: pax data Philippo in has leges est, id. 33, 30: Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres, Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.: quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur, Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26: itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse, id. Font. 5, 9: extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita, a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.: Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium, id. 32, 17, 2; cf.: Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium … inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter), Tac. A. 2, 67.
      1. 2. Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect: non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit, Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16: neglegentior in patrem, Just. 32, 3, 1: in quem omnes intenderat curas, Curt. 3, 1, 21: quos ardere in proelia vidi, Verg. A. 2, 347: in bellum ardentes, Manil. 4, 220: nutante in fugam exercitu, Flor. 3, 10, 4: in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.), Liv. 21, 43, 7: certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent, id. 21, 45, 4: in id sors dejecta, id. 21, 42, 2: in id fide accepta, id. 28, 17, 9: in spem pacis solutis animis, id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.: ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc., Hor. Epod. 17, 63: nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc., Sen. Ep. 16, 3: alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi? Just. 38, 3, 4.
        So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind: in obsequium plus aequo pronus, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10: paratus in res novas, Tac. H. 4, 32: in utrumque paratus, Verg. A. 2, 61.
      2. 3. Of the result of an act or effort: denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit, Cic. Clu. 66, 188: paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret, Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42: portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum, id. ib. 3, 533: populum in obsequia principum formavit, Just. 3, 2, 9: omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat, Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch: commutari ex veris in falsa, Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18: in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est, Curt. 3, 8, 20.
      3. 4. Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere, Liv. 39, 26, 12: pugnaturi in gratiam ducis, id. 28, 21, 4: quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal, id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16: oratio habita in sexus honorem, Quint. 1, 1, 6: convivium in honorem victoriae, id. 11, 2, 12: in honorem Quadratillae, Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7: in honorem tuum, Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.
      4. 5. In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse; opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10: si in rem est Bacchidis, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7: hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt, Liv. 26, 44, 7: cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat, id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.: in duas res magnas id usui fore, Liv. 37, 15, 7: in hos usus, Verg. A. 4, 647.
      5. 6. To form adverbial expressions: non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc., in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.: terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5: in universum aestimanti, etc., id. ib. 6: aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere), wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2: in plenum dici potest, etc., fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217: Marii virtutem in majus celebrare, beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5: aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius, for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2: in deterius, Tac. A. 14, 43: in mollius, id. ib. 14, 39: quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus), Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.: aucto in barbarum cognomento, id. H. 5, 2: priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni, while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2: nec puer Iliacā quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos, so much, Verg. A. 6, 876: in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse, Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.: quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui, Sen. Q. N. 3, 24: viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest, Vell. 2, 43, 4: quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit, Ov. M. 11, 71: meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus, in all respects, Vell. 2, 13: ut simul in omnia paremur, Quint. 11, 3, 25: in antecessum dare, beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.
      6. 7. Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one’s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one’s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.: quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38: ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset, Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4: eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum, Cic. Leg. 3, 17: neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem, Quint. 6, 2, 29: numero mihi in mentem fuit, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.: ecquid in mentem est tibi? id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53: nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc., Suet. Aug. 16: quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est, Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.
        Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108: M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum, put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6: reliquos in custodiam habitos, Tac. H. 1, 87.
        So rarely with other verbs: pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem, Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8.
  3. III. In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.
    As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

indŭ, v. 1. in init.

indŭbĭē, adv., v. indubius fin.

in-dŭbĭtābĭlis, e, adj. [2. in-dubito], that cannot be doubted, indubitable (postAug. and post-class.), Quint. 4, 1, 55; 4, 5, 13; Dig. 28, 5, 9, § 8,
Hence, adv.: in-dŭ-bĭtābĭlĭter, indubitably, without doubt, doubtless, Arn. 5, 183.

in-dŭbĭtandus, a, um, adj. [2. in-dubito], not to be doubted, indubitable (late Lat.): veritas, Aug. Ep. 19, 2.

in-dŭbĭtanter, adv. [2. in-dubito], indubitably, without doubt (post-class.): probatur, Dig. 37, 11, 2: invictus, Aug. de Vera Relig. 46.

indŭbĭtātē and indŭbĭtātō, advv., v. indubitatus fin.

in-dŭbĭtātus, a, um, adj., undoubted, without doubt, certain, sure (post-Aug.): in iis ero, quae indubitata sunt, brevior, Quint. 9, 4, 2: litterarum inter se conjunctio, id. 1, 1, 31: spes, Plin. 31, 3, 27, § 45: indubitatum est, id. 23, 1, 21, § 36: juris est, Dig. 42, 1, 49.
Comp.: illius aestatis fluxus indubitatior est, Dig. 43, 13, 1, § 8.
Advv.: in-dŭbĭtātē and indŭbĭtātō, undoubtedly.

        1. (α) Form indubitate (class.); sup., Oros. 3, 23 fin. (a false read. ap. Liv. 33, 40, 5; Vell. 2, 60, 4).
        2. * (β) Form indubitato, Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 9.

in-dŭbĭto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., to doubt of (poet.); with dat.: viribus tuis, Verg. A. 8, 404: tuis moribus, Stat. S. 3, 5, 110.

in-dŭbĭus, a, um, adj., not doubtful, certain (post-Aug.): innocentia plurimorum, Tac. A. 14, 45: exempla, Quint. 5, 13, 24.
Hence, adv.: indŭbĭē, doubtlessly, Cassiod. Fragm. in Auct. Class. Tom. 3, 355 Mai.

indūcĭae, v. indutiae.

Indŭcĭŏmărus, v. Indutiomarus.

in-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 (imp. induce for induc, Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 18; induxti for induxisti, Ter. And. 5, 3, 12; induxis for induxeris, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46), v. a. [in-duco], to lead, bring, or conduct into a place; to lead or bring in (class.); constr. with in and acc., dat., acc. only, or absol.

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) With in and acc.: oves et armenta in rura, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 12: aliquem in viam, id. ib. 3, 2, 18: exercitum in Macedoniam, Liv. 31, 28, 2: cohortem praetoriam in medios hostes, Sall. C. 60, 5: principes in cornua inducit, leads against, Liv. 30, 34, 11; so, Hannibal elephantos in primam aciem induci jussit, id. 27, 14, 6: in dextrum cornu elephantos, id. 44, 41, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 112 al.
          2. (β) With dat. (mostly poet. and rare): age, moenibus induc, Stat. Th. 12, 326: fossā mare urbi, Suet. Ner. 16.
          3. (γ) With acc. only: princeps turmas inducit Asilas, Verg. A. 11, 620: inducunt venti nubilum, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 7.
          4. (δ) Absol.: eā (portā) secundae legionis principes hastatosque inducit (sc. in urbem), Liv. 34, 15, 6.
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To bring forward, exhibit, represent in the circus or on the stage: a me autem gladiatorum par nobilissimum inducitur, Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 6, 17; so, aliquem, Suet. Calig. 27 fin.: elephantos in circum, Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17: inducta est et Afranii Togata, quae Incendium inscribitur, Suet. Ner. 11; id. Claud. 34; 45; id. Tib. 42; cf.: pater ille, Terenti fabula quem miserum vixisse Inducit, Hor. S. 1, 2, 22.
      2. 2. To bring into or before a court (post-Aug.): inducta teste in senatu, Suet. Claud. 40: Firminus inductus in senatum, Plin. Ep. 2, 12, 2: majestatis reos in curiam, Suet. Dom. 11.
      3. 3. To bring home, take into one’s family: carasque toris inducere Thressas, Val. Fl. 2, 132: intra undecim dies quam illi novercam amore captus induxerat, Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2.
    2. C. Transf.
      1. 1. To put on articles of dress: si sibi calceus perperam induceretur, Suet. Aug. 92: umeros albenti amictu, Stat. S. 5, 2, 67: togam super membra, Luc. 2, 387.
        With Gr. acc.: tunicāque inducitur artus, Verg. A. 8, 457.
      2. 2. To draw over, spread over, to overlay, overspread: postes pice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 142; Vitr. 7, 3: colorem picturae, i. e. to varnish, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 102: parieti ceram liquefactam, id. 33, 7, 40, § 122: cuti nitorem, id. 24, 8, 33, § 49: varias plumas, Hor. A. P. 2: humanam membris formam, Ov. M. 7, 642: omnibus viris magnitudine sua inducturus caliginem, to overspread with darkness, to darken, obscure, Vell. 2, 36, 1: pontem, to throw a bridge across, Curt. 5, 5: scuta ex cortice facta pellibus, to cover, Caes. B. G. 2, 33: coria super lateres, id. B. C. 2, 10: pulvis velut nube inducta omnia inpleverat, Liv. 1, 29, 4: sed quae mutatis inducitur tot medicaminibus, Juv. 6, 471.
        With Gr. acc.: (victima) inducta cornibus aurum, Ov. M. 7, 161; 10, 271.
      3. 3. To level the ground by filling up: ita inducto solo, ut nulla vestigia exstent, Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 194; hence, to strike out, erase, i. e. to level the wax in writing by drawing over it the broad end of the style: nomina jam facta sunt: sed vel induci, vel mutari possunt, Cic. Att. 13, 14, 2: senatus consultum, id. ib. 1, 20, 4.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen., to bring into, introduce: seditionem atque discordiam in civitatem, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85: aliquid in nostros mores, id. de Or. 2, 28, 121: set magna pars morem hunc induxerunt, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 34: morem novorum judiciorum in rem publicam, Cic. Rab. Post. 4, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 9; Lact. Mort. Pers. 38, 4: novum verbum in linguam Latinam, Cic. Phil. 13, 19, 43: pecuniam in rationem, to bring into, set down in an account, id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106: agrum alicui pecunia ingenti, to charge in an account, id. Agr. 2, 26, 70: exemplum, Plin. Pan. 6, 2.
      1. 2. To establish: sublato judicum nomine potestas regalis inducta est, Lact. 4, 10, 15: quia nondum haec consuetudo erat inducta, Sen. Contr. 5 praef. § 4: vetus disciplina deserta, nova inducta, Vell. 2, 1, 1.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To bring in, introduce in speaking or writing (an expression borrowed from the stage): hinc ille Gyges inducitur a Platone, Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38: gravem personam, id. Cael. 15, 35: Tiresiam deplorantem caecitatem suam, id. Tusc. 5, 39, 115.
        Of conversation, to introduce: puero me hic sermo inducitur, Cic. Att. 13, 19, 4: hanc rationem Epicurus induxit, id. Fat. 10: consuetudinem, id. Cael. 23, 58: dubitationem, Tac. A. 1, 7.
      2. 2. To lead to or into; to move, excite, persuade; to mislead, seduce; constr. with in, with acc. or ad, with ut or inf.: amici jacentem animum excitare, et inducere in spem cogitationemque meliorem, Cic. Lael. 15, 59; so, aliquem in spem, id. Off. 2, 15, 53: in rem utilem, id. Inv. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 4: in errorem, id. Off. 3, 13, 55: animum ad aliquid, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 67: aliquem pretio, gratia, spe, promissis (ad parricidium), to mislead, Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 16: multos in peccatum, to seduce, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: ad maleficium, id. 2, 2, 3: ad misericordiam, ad pudendum, ad pigendum, to move, excite, Cic. Brut. 50, 188: Carthaginienses ad bellum, Nep. Hann. 8: ad credendum, id. Con. 3: vide, quo me inducas, Ter. And. 2, 3, 25: in quos (affectus) inducendus est judex, Quint. 11, 3, 58.
        With ut: aliquem, ut mentiatur, Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46.
        With inf.: consulem promissis, sententiam promere, Tac. A. 12, 9.
        1. b. Animum or in animum, to bring one’s mind to, to resolve, determine; to suppose, imagine: id quod animum induxerat paulisper non tenuit, Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8.
          With inf. or object-clause: animum inducere, contra ea quae a me disputantur de divinatione, dicere, Cic. Div. 1, 13, 22: opes contemnere, id. Tusc. 5, 10, 30: id me commissurum ne animum induxeris, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78: in animum inducunt suum, Jovem se placare posse, id. Rud. prol. 22: ne tute incommodam rem, ut quaequest, in animum induces pati? Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 27: oro ut ne illis animum inducas credere, id. And. 5, 1, 15: qui huic animum assentari induxeris, id. Eun. 3, 2, 37: mea causa causam hanc justam esse animum inducite, id. Heaut. prol. 41; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 43: ut in animum induceret ad easdem venire epulas, Liv. 28, 18, 4; 1, 17, 4; 2, 18, 11: postremo Caesar in animum induxerat, laborare, vigilare, had determined, Sall. C. 54, 4: in animum, ejus vitam defendere, Cic. Sull. 30, 83; Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 5.
          With ut, ne, or quominus: inducere animum possum, ne aegre patiar, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 5: inducere animum, ut patrem esse sese, oblivisceretur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53: in animum, quo minus illi indicarem, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 6: quod consules in senatu ut pronuntiarent, in animum inducere non possent, Liv. 27, 9, 9; 2, 5, 7; 39, 12, 3.
      3. 3. To delude, cajole, deceive: hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit, Cic. Pis. 1, 1: socios induxit, decepit, destituit, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 117: semper, ut inducar, blandos offers mihi vultus Tib. 1, 6, 1.
      4. 4. To do any thing to one (post-class.): injuriam adversus liberos suos testamento, Dig. 5, 2, 4.
        Hence, in-ductus, a, um, P. a., introduced, foreign, strange (post-Aug. and rare): insiticius et inductus sermo (opp. patrius), Plin. Ep. 4, 3 fin.; so, nihil inductum et quasi devium loquimur, id. ib. 5, 6, 44: arcessita et inducta, id. ib. 3, 18, 10.

inductĭbĭlis, e, adj. [induco], that may be drawn or smeared over a thing (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 37, 201; 203.

inductīcĭus or -tĭus, a, um, adj. [induco], introduced, Gloss. Philox.; Aug. de Duab. Anim. 12, 18.

in-ductĭo, ōnis, f. [induco], a leading or bringing into, introducing, admission (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: nos aquarum inductionibus terris fecunditatem damus, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152: horum (juvenum in circum), introduction, exhibition, Liv. 44, 9, 5; so on the stage: ficta personarum, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205: prima trullis frequentetur inductio, a plastering, Pall. 1, 15.
    Of a striking out, erasing of writing (cf. induco, 1. C. 3.): lituras, inductiones, superductiones ipse feci, Dig. 28, 4, 1.
    1. B. Transf., concr.
      1. 1. An awning drawn over a theatre to protect the audience from the sun, Vitr. 10 praef.
      2. 2. A fomentation, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 27, 216.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. In gen. (acc. to induco II. B. 2. b.), a purpose, resolution, inclination, intention: animi, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 11, 32; id. Fam. 1, 8, 2: cedet profecto virtuti dolor et animi inductione languescet, id. Tusc. 2, 13, 31.
    2. B. In partic., rhet. t. t.
      1. 1. Induction, a mode of reasoning from known particulars to generals, the Gr. ἐπαγωγή, Cic. Top. 10, 42; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; Quint. 5, 10, 73; 5, 11, 2 sq.: erroris, id. 9, 1, 31.
      2. 2. Personarum ficta, = προσωποποιΐα, the introduction of a fictitious person, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205.
      3. 3. Erroris inductio, = ἀποπλάνησις, a leading into error, misguiding, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205.
      4. 4. An assumption, supposition, Prisc. 1144 P.

inductīvus, a, um, adj. [induco], relating to an assumption, Prisc. 1144 P.
Hence, inductīvē, adv., by yielding: indulgere (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 157.

inductor, ōris, m. [induco], one who stirs up or rouses one, a chastiser, scourger: acerrimi, Plaut. As. 3, 2, 6.

* inductōrĭum, i, n. [induco], a covering: facere inductorium, Plin. Val. 1, 3.

inductōrĭus, a, um, adj. [induco], misleading, August. contr. Acad. 1, 4.

inductrix, īcis, f. [induco], she that misleads or deceives, App. Flor. 23 fin. al.

inductūra, ae, f. [induco], a covering, coating (late Lat.), Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 17, 148.

1. inductus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from induco.

2. inductus, ūs, m. (only in abl. sing.) [induco], an inducement, persuasion (rare but class.): hujus persuasu et inductu, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69: inductu alieno facere aliquid, at another’s persuasion, Auct. Her. 2, 17, 26.

* indūcŭla, ae, f. [induo], a kind of under-garment worn by females, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 39.

indu-gredior, v. ingredior and in init.

in-dulceo, ēre, v. n. [in-dulcis], to become very sweet, Gloss. Philox.

(in-dulcĭtas, false read. for dulcitas, Caecil. ap. Non. 96, 29; v. Com. Rel. p. 60 Rib.)

in-dulco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make sweet, to sweeten (late Lat.).

  1. I. Lit.: aquam amaram, Tert. adv. Jud. 13; Vulg. Sirach, 38, 5.
  2. II. Trop., to speak sweetly, Vulg. Sirach, 12, 15.

in-dulcōro, 1, v. a., to make very sweet, Gloss. Philox.

indulgens tis, Part. and P. a., from indulgeo.

indulgenter, adv., v. indulgeo fin.

indulgentĭa, ae, f. [indulgens], indulgence, gentleness, complaisance, tenderness, fondness (class.).

  1. I. Of persons: quid est dignius, in quo omnis nostra diligentia indulgentiaque consumatur? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 112: in hujus (matris) sinu indulgentiaque educatus, Tac. Agr. 4: a corporis obsequio indulgentiaque discedere, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60; with benevolentia, id. ib. 13, 35: materiam sibi ducis indulgentia quaerit, Juv. 7, 21.
    With in and acc.: Caesaris in se, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 8: ejus nimia indulgentia in Lepidum, Planc. ad Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4: pro sua indulgentia in suos, Balb. et Opp. ad Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 2.
    With gen. obj.: qui simili sensu atque indulgentia filiarum commovemini, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 44, § 112.
  2. II. Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (post-Aug.): caeli, i. e. mild weather, Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 16; 18, 21, 50, § 186: fortunae, Vell. 2, 80.
    1. B. A remission (post-class.).
          1. (α) Of punishment, Capitol. Anton. 6, § 3.
          2. (β) Of taxation, Amm. 16, 5, 16.

indulgĕo, si, tum, 2, v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; cf. dulcis], to be courteous or complaisant; to be kind, tender, indulgent to; to be pleased with or inclined to, to give one’s self up to, yield to, indulge in a thing (as joy or grief); to concede, grant, allow.

  1. I. V. n. (class.); constr. with the dat.
    1. A. In gen.: Aeduorum civitati Caesar praecipue indulserat, Caes. B. G. 1, 10; 7, 40: sic sibi indulsit, ut, etc., indulged himself so, took such liberties, Nep. Lys. 1, 3: indulgebat sibi liberalius, quam, ut, etc., id. Chabr. 3: irae, Liv. 3, 53, 7: indulgent sibi latius ipsi, Juv. 14, 234: ipsa sibi imbecillitas indulget, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42: indulgent consules legionum ardori, Liv. 9, 43, 19: dolori, Nep. Reg. 1: genio, Pers. 5, 151: amori, Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10: precibus, id. ib. 4, 15, 11: gaudio, id. ib. 5, 15, 1: desiderio alicujus, id. ib. 10, 34, 1: odio, Liv. 40, 5, 5: lacrimis, Ov. M. 9, 142: animo, to give way to passion or to anger, id. ib. 12, 598: regno, to delight in, Luc. 7, 54: ordinibus, give room to, set apart, Verg. G. 2, 277.
          1. (β) With acc. of the person (ante-class. and poet.): eri, qui nos tantopere indulgent, Afran. ap. Non. 502, 11 (Fragm. Com. v. 390 Rib.): te indulgebant, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 34; id. Eun. 2, 1, 16.
            Pass.: animus indulgeri potuisset, be pleased, Gell. praef. 1.
    2. B. Esp., to give one’s self up to, to be given or addicted to, to indulge in: veteres amicitias spernere, indulgere novis, Cic. Lael. 15, 54: labori, Verg. A. 6, 135: theatris, Ov. R. Am. 751: eloquentiae, Quint. 10, 1, 84: somno, Tac. A. 16, 19.
      Pass. impers.: nihil relicturus, si aviditati indulgeretur, quod in aerarium referret, Liv. 45, 35, 6: sero petentibus non indulgebitur, Gai. Inst. 4, 164.
  2. II. V. a., to concede, allow, grant, permit, give, bestow as a favor, confer (post- Aug.): alicui usum pecuniae, Suet. Aug. 41: ornamenta consularia procuratoribus, id. Claud. 24: damnatis arbitrium mortis, id. Dom. 11: insignia triumphi indulsit Caesar, Tac. A. 11, 20: patientiam flagello, i. e. to submit to patiently, Mart. 1, 105, 3: nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget, grants no power, Juv. 2, 140: basia plectro, id. 6, 384: si forte indulsit cura soporem, id. 13, 217: veniam pueris, to make allowance for, id. 8, 168.
          1. (β) With inf. (poet.): incolere templa, Sil. 14, 672.
            Pass.: qui jam nunc sanguinem meum sibi indulgeri aequum censet, Liv. 40, 15, 16: rerum ipsa natura in eo quod indulsisse homini videtur, etc., Quint. 12, 1, 2: abolitio reorum, quae publice indulgetur, is granted, Dig. 48, 16, 17.
    1. B. Se alicui, in mal. part., Juv. 2, 165 al.
      Hence, indulgens, entis, P. a.
    1. A. Indulgent, kind, or tender to one, fond of one; constr. with dat., or in with acc. (class.).
          1. (α) With dat.: obsequium peccatis indulgens praecipitem amicum ferri sinit, Cic. Lael. 24, 89.
          2. (β) With in and acc.: civitas minime in captivos indulgens, Liv. 22, 61, 1.
          3. (γ) Absol.: quo ipsum nomen amantius, indulgentiusque maternum, hoc illius matris singulare scelus, Cic. Clu. 5, 12: ministri irarum, Liv. 24, 25, 9.
    2. B. Addicted to: aleae indulgens, addicted to dicing, Suet. Aug. 70.
    3. C. In pass., fondly loved: fili, indulgentissime adulescens, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 10, 13.
      Adv.: indulgenter, indulgently, kindly, tenderly: nimis indulgenter loqui, Cic. Att. 9, 9, 2: bestiae multa faciunt indulgenter, id. Fin. 2, 33, 109.
      Comp.: dii alios indulgentius tractant, Sen. Ben. 4, 32.
      Sup.: indulgentissime, Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 5.

indulgĭtas, ātis, f. [indulgeo], indulgence, for indulgentia (ante-class.): indulgitate victus, Sisenn. ap. Non. 126, 9: indulgitate liberum, Cael. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 345.

indultor, ōris, m. [indulgeo], a favorer (late Lat.): legis, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 9.

indultum, i, n. [indulgeo], indulgence, permission, grace, favor (post-class.): legis, Cod. Th. 4, 15, 1: principis, id. ib. 3, 10, 1.

1. indultus, a, um, Part., from indulgeo.

2. indultus, ūs, m. [indulgeo], leave, permission (late Lat.): indultu clementiae tuae scribere, Sid. Ep. 1, 11.

indūmentum, i, n. [induo], a garment (post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: indumenta induere, Gell. 16, 19, 12: oris, a mask, Bass. ap. Gell. 5, 7.
  2. II. Transf., a covering, clothing: carnis indumenta, i. e. bodies, Prud. Cath. 9. 99.
  3. III. Trop.: indumento justitiae velare, Lact. 6, 13, 12.

indŭo, ŭi, ūtum, ĕre, v. a. [cf. Gr. ἐνδύω], to put on an article of dress or ornament (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: Herculi tunicam, Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20: sibi torquem, id. Fin. 2, 22, 73: galeam, Caes. B. G. 2, 21: zmaragdos et sardonychas, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 85: anulum, Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38: alicui insignia Bacchi, Ov. M. 6, 598.
    Pass., with a Gr. acc.: Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum Induitur, Verg. A. 2, 392: et eamst (sc. vestem) indutus? Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 40: scalas, to place a ladder on one’s shoulders by putting one’s head between the rounds, Ov. M. 14, 650: se in aliquid, or with the dat., to fall into or upon, to be entangled in, be covered with, adorned with; with in and acc.: se in laqueum, Plaut. Cas. 1, 25: cum venti se in nubem induerint, Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44: cum se nux plurima silvis induet in florem, clothe or deck itself, Verg. G. 1, 188; cf.: quos induerat Circe in vultus ac terga ferarum, i. e. clothed with the forms of, id. A. 7, 20.
    With abl.: se vallis, Caes. B. G. 7, 73: se hastis, Liv. 44, 41, 9: pomis se arbos induit, decks itself with, Verg. G. 4, 143: vites se induunt uvis, Col. 4, 24, 12: cinis induit urbes, covers, envelops, Val. Fl. 4, 509: Aegyptus … tantis segetibus induebantur, Plin. Pan. 30: num majore fructu vitis se induerit? Anthol. Lat. 5, 69, 5 Burm.: foliis sese induit arbor, Ov. M. 7, 280.
  2. II. Trop., to put on, assume: habes somnum imaginem mortis eamque quotidie induis, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: ponit enim personam amici, cum induit judicis, assumes the part of a judge, id. Off. 3, 10, 43: juvenis longe alius ingenio, quam cujus simulationem induerat, Liv. 1, 56, 7: sibi cognomen, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73: et illorum (mortuorum regum) sibi nomina quasi personas aliquas induerunt, Lact. 2, 16, 3: magnum animum, Tac. A. 11, 7: mores Persarum, Curt. 6, 6: munia ducis, Tac. A. 1, 69: falsos pavores, id. H. 4, 38: hostiles spiritus, id. ib. 4, 57: habitus ac voces dolentum, id. A. 4, 12: seditionem, to engage in, id. ib. 2, 15: societatem, id. ib. 12, 13: proditorem et hostem, to assume the part of traitor and enemy, id. ib. 16, 28: diversa, to assume different opinions, take different sides, id. ib. 6, 33: personis fictam orationem, to attribute, Quint. 4, 1, 28: et eloquentiam pueris induunt adhuc nascentibus, impose upon, Petr. S. 4: sua confessione induatur ac juguletur, necesse est, entangle himself, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 166: videte, in quot se laqueos induerit, quorum ex nullo se umquam expediet, id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 102: se in captiones, id. Div. 2, 17, 41: non se purgavit, sed indicavit atque induit, id. Mur. 25, 51.

indŭpĕdĭo and indŭpĕdītus, a, um; v. impedio, etc., and in init.

indŭpĕrans, antis, Part.; v. imperans and in init.

indŭpĕro, indŭpĕrātor, etc.; v. impero, etc., and in init.

indūrātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from induro.

in-dūresco, rŭi, 3, v. inch. n., to become hard, to harden (cf. percallesco; postAug.).

  1. I. Lit.: si vetus condyloma jam induruit, Cels. 6, 18, 8: grana, Col. 2, 20, 2.
  2. II. Trop.: miles induruerat pro Vitellio, had become unalterably firm in his attachment to Vitellius, Tac. H. 3, 61: in pravum, to become hardened in, Quint. 1, 3, 12.

in-dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n., to make hard, to harden (poet. and post-Aug.).

  1. I. Act.
    1. A. Lit.: nivem Indurat Boreas, Ov. Tr. 3, 9, 14: sues indurantes attritu arborum costas, Plin. 8, 52, 78, § 212.
    2. B. Trop., to harden, steel: indurandus est animus, Sen. Ep. 51: adversus omnia, quae accidere possunt, id. ib. 4: frontem, to render shameless, id. Ben. 7, 28.
  2. II. Neutr., to become hard, harden: quae (creta) si induraverit, Veg. 3, 82, 2.
    Hence, indūrā-tus, a, um, P. a., hardened.
    1. A. Lit.: robora indurata flammis, Stat. Th. 4, 64.
    2. B. Trop.: induratus praeter spem resistendo hostium timor, Liv. 30, 18, 3: Germanis quid induratius ad omnem patientiam? Sen. Ira, 1, 11.

1. Indus, a, um, adj., = Ἰνδός, of or belonging to India, Indian (as an adj. almost exclusively poet.): ebur, Verg. A. 12, 67: dens, ivory, Cat. 64, 48: belua, i. e. elephas, Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 7: conchae, pearls, Prop. 1, 8, 39 (1, 8 b. 13 M.).
Plur.: Indi, ōrum, the inhabitants of India, Indians, Cic. Div. 2, 46, 96: extremi, Cat. 11, 2; Mela, 1, 2, 3 sq.; 3, 7
Note:, 3.
In sing.: Indus, i, m.

  1. A. Trop.
    1. 1. An Indian, collect., Verg. G. 2, 172; Ov. A. A. 3, 130.
    2. 2. An elephant’s driver, mahout, Liv. 38, 14, 2.
  2. B. Transf. (poet.).
    1. 1. An Ethiopian, Verg. G. 4, 293.
    2. 2. An Arabian (sing. collect.), Ov. F. 3, 720.

2. Indus, i, m., = Ἰνδός, the name of two rivers.

  1. I. The Indus, that empties into the Indian Ocean, now Sind, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 130; Mel. 3, 7; Plin. 6, 20, 23, § 71; Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 24 al.
  2. II. A river in Caria, Plin. 5, 28, 29, § 103; Liv. 38, 14, 2.

* indūsĭārĭus, ĭi, m. [indusium], a maker of women’s under-garments, Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 35; cf.: indusiarii vestiarii, Gloss. Isid.

indūsĭātus (in Varr. L. L. 5, § 131, written intusiatus; cf. indusium), a, um, adj. [indusium], that has on an under-garment (ante- and post-class.), Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 47: pueri, App. M. 2, p. 123; 10, p. 253.

indūsĭo, āre, v. a. [indusium], to clothe (postclass.): aliqua re, Mart. Cap. 1, § 65; 2, § 114.

indūsĭum (in Varr. L. L. 5, § 131, written intusium), ĭi, n. [induo], a woman’s under-garment, Varr. l. l.: indusium est vestimentum, quod corpori intra plurimas vestes adhaeret, quasi intusium, Non. 539, 32; cf. indusium χιτωνίσκος, Gloss. Philox.

1. industrĭa, ae, f. [industrius], diligence, activity, assiduity, industry: ingenium industriā alitur, Cic. Cael. 19, 45: in agendo, id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29: qui in scribendo tantum industriae ponam, spend so much pains on writing, id. Fam. 3, 9, 3: magnā industriā bellum apparavit, Nep. Ages. 3, 2: itineris, assiduity on the journey, Suet. Aug. 8: illi numquam super industriam fortuna fuit, did not surpass his assiduity, Sall. J. 95, 4 al.: qui ipsus se contemnit, in eo est indoles industriae, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 41: de or ex industria, diligently, assiduously; and hence, esp., on purpose, purposely, intentionally: de industria, Cic. Or. 44, 151; id. Off. 1, 7, 24; Ter. And. 4, 4, 56; Curt. 5, 3, 9; 5, 4, 8; 6, 1, 3 al.: ex industria, Liv. 1, 56, 8; 26, 51, 11; Curt. 6, 5, 7 al.; also simply: industriā, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 37; Plin. 16, 1, 2, § 5; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 16; and: ob industriam, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 11.
Rarely in plur.: summis opibus atque industriis, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 1; so Auct. Her. 3, 7, 14 (cf. Zumpt ad Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7, p. 433).

2. Industrĭa, ae, f., a city in Liguria, on the right bank of the Padus, now Monteù di Po, near Chivasso, Plin. 3, 5, 7, § 49; 3, 16, 20, § 122.
Hence, Industrĭ-ensis, e, adj., Tab. Aenea ap. Maff. Mus. Ver. p. 230.

industrĭē, adv., v. industrius fin.

industrĭōsē, adv., v. industriosus.

industrĭōsus, a, um, adj. [industria], very active, diligent, or industrious (postAug.), Cassiod. Var. 8, 33; Sen. Prov. 2 dub.; Val. Max. 3, 4, 2 dub.
Hence, adv.: industrĭōsē, very industriously, Cassiod. Var. 5, 1; Suet. Vit. Juv.
Comp., Fronto ad M. Caes. 4, 3 med.
Sup., Cato ap. Charis. p. 181 P.

industrĭus, a, um, adj. [perh. indo for in, and struo; lit. building within, i. e. active within; hence], active, diligent, assiduous, industrious (class.): homo gnavus et industrius, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 53: homines vigilantes, sobrii, industrii, id. Cael. 31, 74; id. Att. 8, 11, 13, § 1: vir acer et industrius in rebus gerendis, id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57: industrios ac ignavos pax in aequo tenet, Tac. A. 12, 12: petit aquilas armis industrius, Juv. 8, 52.
Comp.: industrior or industriior (ante-class.): quo neque industrior de juventute erat, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 72: imperator exercitum industriiorem facit, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 601 P.
Adv.: industrĭē, diligently, industriously: rem publicam curare, Cato ap. Charis. p. 181 P.: ut ea diligenter industrieque administrarent, Caes. B. G. 7, 60: tueri Siciliam, Quint. 5, 13, 35: causas actitare, Suet. Galb. 3.

indūtĭae (less correctly -cĭae), ārum, f. [for indu-itiae, from indu for in and ire, a going into rest or retirement; cf. Aur. ap. Gell. 1, 25, 17; hence], a cessation of hostilities, a truce, armistice (class.).

  1. I. Lit.: indutiae sunt belli feriae, Varr. ap. Gell. 1, 25, 2; cf. the context: cum triginta dierum essent cum hoste pactae indutiae, Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33: biennii, Liv. 10, 5, 12: indutias facere, Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 20: inire aequis condicionibus, Plin. Pan. 11, 5: petere, Nep. Ages. 2: conservare, id. ib.: tollere, to put an end to, Liv. 30, 4, 8: agitare, Sall. J. 31, 4: per indutias, during the truce, Liv. 30, 37, 6.
  2. II. Transf., a cessation, pause (ante- and post-class.): immo indutiae parumper fiant, si quid vis loqui, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 233: delay in paying a tax, Cassiod. Var. 5, 34: noctis indutiae, the stillness of night, App. M. 2, p. 126 init.
    Of a truce in a lovers’ quarrel: injuriae, suspiciones, inimicitiae, indutiae, Bellum, pax rursum, Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 15.

* indūtĭlis e, adj. [induo], that can be inserted or joined in: vomis, Cato, R. R. 135, 2 dub.

Indŭtĭomărus (Induciom-), i, m., a chief of the Treviri, Caes. B. G. 5, 3.

indūtor, tōris, m. [induo], a wearer (late Lat.): fabularum sartor aut indutor, Aug. c. Faust. 8.

* indūtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [induo], that can be put on: pellis, Paul. Sent. 3, 6, § 79.

1. indūtus, a, um, Part., from induo.

2. indūtus, ūs, m. [induo], a putting on (very rare; only indutui and indutibus in use): prius dein quae indutui, tum amictui quae sunt tangam, Varr. L. L. 5, § 131 Müll.; Symm. Ep. 3, 10; Varr. L. L. 10, § 27 Müll.: vestis, quam indutui gerebat, Tac. A. 16, 4: habebat indutui ad corpus tunicam interulam, App. Flor. n. 9, p. 346; id. Mag. p. 310, 23.
Concr., apparel, raiment: indutibus imperatoriae majestatis ornatus, Amm. 30, 7, 4; 24, 2, 5.

indŭvĭae, ārum, f. [induo], clothes, garments (ante- and post-class.): tuae, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 9: nudata induviis, Prud. Psych. 578.

(indŭvĭum, false reading for inductis, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 35; v. Sillig ad h. l.)