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spĕcĭālis, e, adj. [species], not general, individual, particular, special (post-Aug. for singularis, proprius): genera specialia, Sen. Ep. 58, 9: illud generale … hoc speciale, Quint. 5, 10, 43: quaestiones, id. 3, 5, 9: status, id. 3, 6, 22: tractatus, id. 5, 7, 35: nomen speciale cognationis, Dig. 38, 20, 10: quod speciale semper habuerunt, proper, peculiar, Treb. XXX. Tyr. 14.
Adv.: spĕ-cĭālĭter, particularly, specially, specifically (cf.: singillatim, nominatim, proprie): generatim atque specialiter aliquid disponere, Col. 12, 2, 3: distinctae, id. 3, 19; opp. generaliter, Quint. 5, 10, 43; Cels. 5, 24, 4: exprimere, Dig. 44, 4, 2: facere, ib. 45, 1, 58.
spĕcĭālĭtas, ātis, f. [specialis], particularity, peculiarity, Anton. Gramm. ap. Front. Diff. Verb. p. 2197 P.; Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 8; Isid. 2, 25, 6.
spĕcĭālĭter, adv., v. specialis fin.
‡ spĕcĭārĭa, ae, f. [species], perh. a female spice-dealer, Inscr. Orell. 4302.
(spĕcĭārĭus, a, um, a false read., Caes. B. C. 3, 53 fin.)
spĕcĭātim, adv. [species], in particular, specially (post-class.); opp. generatim, Mart. Cap. 9, § 939.
* spĕcĭātus, a, um, adj. [species], shaped, formed, Tert. adv. Herm. 40.
spĕcĭes, ēi (gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero’s time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.
At a later period were introduced: specierum, Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: speciebus, App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].
- I. Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. aspectus): speciem quo vortimus, Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere, id. 9, 4: qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt, id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.
- II. Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
- A. Lit.: praeter speciem stultus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49: quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago, Lucr. 4, 52; cf.: quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc., outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: hominis esse specie deos confitendum est, id. N. D. 1, 18, 48: edepol specie lepida mulier! Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.: bellan’ videtur specie mulier? id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20: urbis speciem vidi, id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so, species praeclara oppidi, Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 21: navium, Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.: nova atque inusitata, id. ib. 2, 31: horribilis, id. ib. 7, 36: agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius, Cic. Sen. 16, 57: horum hominum species est honestissima, id. Cat. 2, 8, 18: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: populi, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7: turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.: fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus, Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.
- 2. Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus, Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).
- 3. Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi ἰδέαν appellabant: nos recte speciem possumus dicere, Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30: insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae, id. Or. 5, 18: excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus, id. ib. 14, 43: species, forma et notio viri boni, id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni, id. Rep. 2, 29, 51: qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet, Hor. S. 2, 3, 208: utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret, Curt. 7, 1, 36.
- B. In partic.
- 1. A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
- a. In gen.: obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81: ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc., id. Lael. 13, 47: cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti, Sall. J. 29, 4: fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris, Liv. 9, 11: specie liberā … re verā, etc., id. 35, 31; cf.: litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse, id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.: plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt, id. 7, 15, 7: si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset, id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent, Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61: quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia, id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32: similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere, id. Off. 3, 4, 16: si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur, id. ib. 3, 33, 120.
Hence,
- b. Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
- (α) With abl.: fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat, Cic. Cael. 6, 14.
- (β) With sub: sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum, Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.
- (γ) With per: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, Liv. 9, 30, 8: per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc., id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.
- (δ) With in: si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit, Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.
Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv. 24, 1, 8: dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā, id. 3, 9, 13; so, ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.
- 2. Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): inque chori ludunt speciem, Ov. M. 3, 685: in montis speciem curvari, id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.
- 3. Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.: dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā, Cic. Pis. 11, 24: adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: speciem candoremque caeli, id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39: specie et motu capere homines, id. Brut. 62, 224: triumpho praebere speciem, Liv. 34, 52, 10: addere speciem, id. 37, 40; 9, 40: si fortunatum species et gratia praestat, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203: ducit te species, id. S. 2, 2, 35: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, Ov. M. 1, 612: juvenis, Juv. 10, 310: corporis, Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.
- C. Transf.
- 1. Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον).
- a. An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, Ov. M. 9, 473: voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit, id. ib. 11, 677: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., Liv. 8, 6: per nocturnas species, id. 26, 19; cf.: mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem, id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.
- b. A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit … Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor … Sancta Jovis species … Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21.
- 2. Reputation, honor: o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant, Cic. Dom. 33, 89.
- 3. The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: species pars est generis, App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc., Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt … Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal, Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.
- b. In later jurid. lang., a special case: proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc., Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.
- c. In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); publicae, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: annonariae, ib. 11, 73, 3: vendenda sit species, i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.
Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.
* spĕcillātus, a, um, adj. [specillum, dim. of speculum], furnished with little mirrors: patina argentea, Vop. Prob. 4, § 5.
spĕcillum, i, n. [specio], a surgical instrument for examining diseased parts of the body, a probe, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57; Cels. 5, 28, 12; 7, 8; 6, 9 med.; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; 32, 7, 24, § 75.
spĕcĭmen, ĭnis, n. [specio], that by which a thing is seen, known, or recognized.
- I. Lit., a mark, token, proof, example, indication, evidence, sign (class.; used only in sing.; cf.: exemplum, exemplar): nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: tum Specimen cernitur, quo eveniat aedificatio, id. Most. 1, 2, 52: hoc specimen verum esse videtur, Quam celeri motu rerum simulacra ferantur, Lucr. 4, 209: ingenii specimen est quoddam transilire ante pedes posita, Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160: ingenii, ingenui hominis, id. Fragm. Pis. 1, 2: popularis judicii, id. Brut. 50, 188: eximium consilii specimen, Liv. 8, 7, 18: anticum specimen animorum, id. 38, 17, 20: securitatis, Plin. 7, 55, 56, § 196: Solis avi, Verg. A. 12, 164: tellus Tale dabit specimen, id. G. 2, 241: matris Horae, Val. Fl. 6, 57: specimen dare alicui in aliquā re, to furnish proof, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27; cf.: Romanae fidei specimen gentibus dare, Liv. 38, 58, 6; 25, 36, 16: virtutis, id. 5, 26, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: ad specimen virtutis ostendendum, id. 28, 21, 3.
- II. Transf., a pattern, model, example, ideal (so a favorite word with Cic.): specimen sationis et insitionis origo Ipsa fuit Natura, Lucr. 5, 1361; cf. id. 5, 186: specimen humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 55: temperantiae prudentiaeque specimen est Q. Scaevola, id. N. D. 3, 32, 80: innocentiae, id. Pis. 39, 95: is ordo ceteris specimen esto, id. Leg. 3, 3, 10: num dubitas, quin specimen naturae capi deceat ex optumā quāque naturā? id. Tusc. 1, 14, 32: unicum antiquitatis specimen, Tac. A. 3, 4.
- B. An ornament, honor: antiquum imperii, Sen. Thyest. 223: egregium, id. Phoen. 80: summum, Amm. 23, 6, 23: tibi specimen gloriosum arrogaris, App. M. 1, p. 112 fin.
spĕcĭo (spĭcĭo, v. infra), spexi, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. spac-, see; Gr. σκέπ-τομαι, σκοπός; Lat.: specto, speculum, etc.], to look, look at, behold (ante-class.): quod nos cum praepositione dicimus aspicio apud veteres sine praepositione spicio dicebatur, Fest. s. v. auspicium, p. 2 Müll.: spectare dictum ab specio antiquo, quo etiam Ennius usus: vos epulo postquam spexit, et quod in auspiciis distributum est, qui habent spectionem, qui non habeant; et quod in auguriis etiam nunc augures dicunt avem specere … Speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, etc., Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll. (Vahl. has restored the verse of Ennius, Ann. 402, in this way: quos ubi rex populos spexit de cantibus celsis; cf. infra, Fest. p. 330 Müll.); cf.: posteaquam avim de templo Anchisa spexit, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 10: spicit quoque sine praepositione dixerunt antiqui. Plautus (Mil. 3, 1, 100): flagitium est, si nihil mittetur, quo supercilio spicit. Et spexit, Ennius, l. VI.: quos ubi rex … spexit de montibu’ celsis, Fest. p. 330 Müll.; cf. Cato ib. s. v. spiciunt, p. 344: nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: nisi mihi credis, spece, id. Truc. 5, 8.
spĕcĭōsē, adv., v. speciosus fin.
spĕcĭōsĭtas, ātis, f. [speciosus], good looks, beauty (eccl. Lat.): naturalis, Tert. Cult. Fem. 2 fin.; Ambros. de Isaac, 7, § 60 al.; Vulg. 1 Macc. 1, 27.
spĕcĭōsus, a, um, adj. [species] (acc. to species, II. B. 3.), good-looking, showy, handsome, beautiful, splendid, brilliant (not freq. till after the Aug. period; syn.: venustus, pulcher, formosus, spectabilis).
- A. Lit. (not so in Cic.): hunc speciosum pelle decorā, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 45: femina, Quint. 5, 10, 47: puer, Petr. 41, 6: corpora, Quint. 11, 3, 26: nec id speciosum fieri putabo, id. 5, 12, 19: in certaminibus speciosa atque robusta, id. 11, 3, 26: ministerium, Vell. 2, 111, 3: familia, id. 2, 59, 2.
Comp.: familiam nemo speciosiorem producit, Sen. Ep. 87, 6: si plenior aliquis et speciosior et coloratior factus est, Cels. 2, 2.
Sup.: homo (Alcibiades), Quint. 8, 4, 23: corpus, id. 2, 15, 9: filia, Petr. 140, 2.
- B. Trop.: reversionis has speciosas causas habes, well-sounding, plausible, specious, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 6; cf.: specioso titulo uti vos, Romani, Graecarum civitatium liberandarum video, Liv. 35, 16: dictu speciosa, id. 1, 23: gerentis bellum Romanos speciosum Graeciae liberandae tulisse titulum, id. 42, 52, 15; 36, 17, 13; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 8: magis necessarium quam speciosum, ministerium, Liv. 4, 8, 6: dicere aliquod speciosum, Quint. 1, 5, 3: speciosum dicendi genus, id. 10, 1, 127: vocabula rerum, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 116: miracula, id. A. P. 144: speciosa locis morataque recte Fabula, id. ib. 319: speciosa nomina culpae Imponis, Ov. M. 7, 69: specioso eripe damno, from this splendid misery, id. ib. 11, 133.
Comp.: cum speciosius quid dicendum est, Quint. 11, 3, 84: speciosior rhetorice quam dialectice, id. 2, 20, 7: speciosiore stili genere, id. 7, 1, 54: gestarum rerum ordinem sequi speciosius fuit, id. 3, 7, 15.
Sup.: longe speciosissimum genus orationis, Quint. 8, 6, 49.
Adv.: spĕcĭōsē, showily, handsomely, splendidly.
- 1. Lit.: vehi, i. e. in a painted or ornamented vessel, Plin. 35, 7, 31, § 49.
Comp.: speciosius instratus equus quam uxor vestita, Liv. 34, 7: tractet arma, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 52: quo speciosius ingrediantur sublimes, Col. 2, 2, 22.
Sup.: contorta hasta (with optime emissa), Quint. 9, 4, 8.
- 2. Trop.: dictum, Quint. 9, 4, 14: translatum, id. 2, 5, 9.
Sup.: usus est, Quint. 8, 6, 18.
spectābĭlis, e, adj. [specto].
- I. In gen., that may be seen, visible: corpus caeli, Cic. Univ. 8 (al. aspectabile); so, corpus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 35: purus ab arboribus, spectabilis undique campus, i. e. open, id. M. 3, 709.
- II. Pregn., that is worth seeing, notable, admirable, remarkable (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose): Niobe Vestibus intexto Phrygiis spectabilis auro, Ov. M. 6, 166: quod sit roseo spectabilis ore, id. ib. 7, 705: heros, id. ib. 7, 496: mons topiario naturae opere, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 29: flumen portu, id. 5, 1, 1, § 13: texenda spectabili subtilitate, id. 16, 37, 68, § 174: pulchra et spectabilis victoria, Tac. Agr. 34 fin.: mater spectabile tela duxit opus, Val. Fl. 1, 429.
- B. Under the emperors: Spectabilis, a title of high officers: apud virum Spectabilem proconsulem, Cod. Just. 2, 7, 11 fin.: judices, ib. 7, 62, 32: praefectus vigilum, Dig. 1, 15, 3.
spectābĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [spectabilis, II. B.], the office or dignity of a Spectabilis (late Lat.), Cod. Just. 9, 27, 5; 12, 26, 1 al.
spectācŭlum (contr. spectāclum, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21 and 56), i, n. [specto], a show, sight, spectacle (class.).
- I. In gen.: lepidum spectaculum, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81: superarum rerum atque caelestium, Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140: bis terque mutatae dapis, Hor. Epod. 5, 34: potius quam hoc spectaculum viderem, Cic. Mil. 38, 103: capere oblatae spectacula praedae, Ov. M. 3, 246; cf. id. ib. 7, 780: scorti procacis, Liv. 39, 43: Euripi, id. 45, 27: non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit, Verg. A. 6, 37: spectaclum ipsa sedens, i. e. exposed to public view, in the sight of all, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21: neque hoc parentes Effugerit spectaculum, Hor. Epod. 5, 102.
Esp. in the phrases: spectaculum (alicui) praebere, spectaculum (spectaculo) esse alicui: circuitus solis et lunae spectaculum hominibus praebent, Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; so, praebere, Liv. 45, 28: praebent spectacula capti, Ov. A. A. 2, 581: o spectaculum illud hominibus luctuosum, cedere e patriā servatorem ejus, manere in patriā perditores! Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 8; cf. id. Corn. 1, § 19: homini non amico nostra incommoda spectaculo esse nolim, id. Att. 10, 2, 2: insequitur acies ornata armataque, ut hostium quoque magnificum spectaculum esset, Liv. 10, 40 fin.
- II. In partic.
- A. Lit., in the theatre, circus, etc., a public sight or show, a stageplay, spectacle (cf.: munus, ludi, fabula): spectacula sunt tributim data, Cic. Mur. 34, 72: apparatissimum, id. Phil. 1, 15, 36: gladiatorium, Liv. 39, 42: gladiatorum, id. 28, 21 fin.; Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96: circi, Liv. 7, 2: scenae, Ov. A. A. 3, 351: ludorum, Suet. Aug. 14: athletarum, id. ib. 44; id. Ner. 12: naumachiae, id. Caes. 44: nondum commisso spectaculo, Liv. 2, 36, 1: interesse spectaculo, id. 2, 38, 4: inter matutina harenae spectacula, Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 2: meridianum, id. Ep. 7, 3.
- B. Transf., the place whence plays are witnessed, the seats of the spectators, seats, places in the theatre, the amphitheatre: spectacula ruunt, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: ex omnibus spectaculis plausus est excitatus, Cic. Sest. 58, 124: resonant spectacula plausu, Ov. M. 10, 668: loca divisa patribus equitibusque, ubi spectacula sibi quisque facerent, Liv. 1, 35, 8: spectaculorum gradus, Tac. A. 14, 13: spectaculis detractus et in harenam deductus, Suet. Calig. 35; id. Dom. 10.
- 2. In gen., the theatre: ingressum spectacula, Suet. Calig. 35: in caelum trabibus spectacula textis surgere, Calp. Ecl. 7, 23.
- 3. The spectators: spectacula tantum este, viri, Sil. 2, 230: virtutis, id. 8, 556.
- C. A wonder, miracle: spectacula septem, the seven wonders of the world: in septem spectaculis nominari, Vitr. 2, 8, 11: numerari inter septem omnium terrarum spectacula, Gell. 10, 18, 4.
spectāmen, ĭnis, n. [specto].
- * I. = specimen, a mark, sign, proof: spectamen bono servo id est, Ut absente ero rem sui eri diligenter Tutetur, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 1.
- II. = spectaculum, a sight, scene, spectacle (Appuleian): miserum funestumque spectamen aspexi, App. M. 4, p. 151, 35: novum et memorandum, id. ib. 7, p. 193, 23.
‡ spectāmenta sunt quae spectantur, Front. Diff. Voc. p. 2203 P.
spectātē, adv., v. specto fin.
spectātĭo, ōnis, f. [specto], a looking, beholding, contemplation of a thing, a sight, view (rare but class.).
- I. Lit.
- A. In gen., absol.: homo ad artificem suum (deum) spectat: quam spectationem Trismegistus θεωρίαν rectissime nominavit, Lact. 7, 9 med.: apparatūs spectatio, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2: animum levare spectatione, id. Att. 13, 44, 2.
Plur.: quae scenicis moribus ad spectationes populo comparantur, Vitr. 10 praef.
- * B. In partic., an examining, proving, testing of money: pecuniae, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 78, § 181.
- * II. Trop., respect, regard, consideration: Macedonicum bellum nomine amplius quam spectatione gentis fuit, Flor. 2, 7, 3.
spectātīvus, a, um, adj. [specto], contemplative, speculative: thesin a causā sic distinguunt, ut illa sit spectativae partis, haec activae, Quint. 3, 5, 11: opp. actualis, Isid. 2, 24, 9.
spectātor, ōris, m. [specto], a looker-on, beholder, observer, spectator (class.).
- I. In gen.: sunt homines quasi spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium, Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140: unicus caeli siderumque (Ar chimedes), Liv. 24, 34, 2: testis et spectator, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: spectator laudum tuarum, id. Fam. 2, 7, 2: Leuctricae calamitatis, id. Off. 2, 7, 26: certaminis, Liv. 1, 28; Quint. 10, 5, 19; Mart. 10, 51, 9.
- II. In partic.
- A. A spectator in a theatre, at games, etc.: nunc, spectatores, clare plaudite, Plaut. Am. 5, 3, 3; so id. ib. prol. 66; id. Cas. grex 1; id. Cist. 4, 2, 9; id. Ps. 2, 4, 30; id. Stich. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22.
- B. An examiner, judge, critic: spectator probator, ut pecuniae spectatores dicuntur, Don. Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 18 (cf. specto, I. B. 3., and spectatio, I. B.): elegans formarum spectator, critic, connoisseur, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 18: proprii ponderis, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 147: acrior virtutis, Liv. 42, 34, 7.
spectātrix, īcis, f. [spectator].
- I. She that looks at or observes a thing, Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 12; 5, 2, 1; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 18 med.; Ov. Am. 2, 12, 26: scelerum, Luc. 3, 129.
- II. She that judges or tries: incorrupta praeteritorum (posteritas), Amm. 30, 8, 1: humanorum, id. 22, 3, 12: spectatrix dijudicatrixque omnium rerum, App. Dogm. Plat. 2, p. 15, 23.
spectātus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of specto.
spectĭle, v. spetile.
spectĭo, ōnis, f. [specio], in the lang. of augurs, an observing of the auspices; hence, also, the right of observing them (which belonged to the magistrates), Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Phil. 2, 32, 81; Fest. s. h. v. p. 333.
specto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [specio], to look at, behold; to gaze at, watch, observe, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: adspicio, speculor, conspicor, contueor).
- I. Lit.
- A. In gen.
- (α) With acc.: speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, § 82 ib.: si vis videre ludos jucundissimos … amores tuos si vis spectare, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81: spectare aliquid et visere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44: taceas, me spectes, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 90: quid illas spectas? id. Rud. 3, 4, 54; id. Am. 1, 1, 268: ere, ne me spectes, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18: corpora, Lucr. 4, 1102: ingentes acervos, Hor. C. 2, 2, 24: gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem, id. Ep. 1, 6, 19: cum modo me spectas oculis protervis, Ov. H. 16 (17), 77: spectari tergo, id. A. A. 3, 774: Zoroaster primus siderum motus diligentissime spectasse dicitur, Just. 1, 1, 9.
- (β) With rel.clause: tacitus te sequor, Spectans quas tu res hoc ornatu geras, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 2: specta quam arcte dormiunt, id. Most. 3, 2, 144; cf.: saepe tui, specto, si sint in litore passus, Ov. H. 18 (19), 27.
- (γ) Absol.: vise, specta tuo arbitratu, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106: Am. Sosia, age me huc aspice. So. Specto, id. Am. 2, 2, 119: quam magis specto, minus placet mihi hominis facies, id. Trin. 4, 2, 19: alte spectare, Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25: populo spectante, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 60.
- (δ) With ad, in, per, or adv. of place: spectare ad carceris oras, Enn. Ann. 1, 102: quaeso huc ad me specta, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 149; so, ad me, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16: ad dexteram, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1: tota domus, quae spectat in nos solos, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58: ego limis specto Sic per flabellum clanculum, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: quoquo hic spectabit, eo tu spectato simul, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 69.
(ε) Impers. pass. with subj. or final clause: cum plausu congregari feros (pisces) ad cibum assuetudine, in quibusdam vivariis spectetur, Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193: spectandum ne quoi anulum det, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 33.
(ζ) With inf.: spectet currere Gangem, Sen. Herc. Oet. 629: minaces ire per caelum faces specta, id. ib. 325.
- B. In partic.
- 1. To look at or see (a play or an actor) as a spectator, to look on: fabulam, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 37: Megalesia, Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 190: ludos, id. S. 2, 6, 48; 2, 8, 79; id. Ep. 2, 1, 203; Suet. Aug. 40; 53 al.: Circenses, id. ib. 45; id. Claud. 4: pugiles, id. Aug. 45: artifices saltationis, id. Tit. 7 al.
With inf.: spectavi ego pridem Comicos ad istum modum Sapienter dicta dicere atque is plaudier, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 23: matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant, id. Poen. prol. 32: jam hic deludetur (Amphitruo), spectatores, vobis spectantibus, id. Am. 3, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. prol. 151.
Hence, very often in inscrr. and tesseris: GLADIATORIIS SP., i. e. spectatus, of a gladiator who had stood the first public fight, Inscr. Orell. 2561 sq.; cf.: Morcelli delle tessere degli spettacoli Roma, Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 562.
- 2. Of localities, to look, face, lie, be situated towards any quarter (syn.: prospicio, vergo); constr. usu. with ad, in, inter, etc., or an adv. of place; less freq. with acc.: (hujus insulae) alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat, Caes. B. G. 5, 13; so, ad orientem solem, id. ib. 7, 69: ad fretum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169: ager, qui in ventum Favonium spectet, Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1: in urbem … in Etruriam, Liv. 5, 5; v. also infra: Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones, is situated to the north-west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1 fin.: quare fit, ut introversus et ad te Spectent atque ferant vestigia se omnia prorsus, Lucil. ap. Non. 402, 7; cf.: ut ora eorum deorsum spectent, Col. 12, 16, 4: vestigia Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75: quo (villae) spectent porticibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: Creta altior est, quā spectat orientem, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 23 (H. 3, 58 Dietsch): Acarnania solem occidentem et mare Siculum spectat, Liv. 33, 17, 5: mediterranea regio est, orientem spectat, id. 25, 9, 10; 30, 25, 11: quae et Tanaim et Bactra spectant, Curt. 7, 7, 4; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 15; Vell. 1, 11, 3: ab eo latere, quo (Gadis) Hispaniam spectat, Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120; 6, 17, 20, § 53.
Transf., of nations: Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 6: Masaesyli in regionem Hispaniae spectant, Liv. 28, 17.
- 3. To examine, try, test: (argentum) dare spectandum, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 35: ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25; cf.: qui pecuniā non movetur … hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur, as having stood the test of fire, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38; cf. spectatio, I. B., and spectator, I. B.
- II. Trop.
- A. In gen., to look at, behold, see, regard, consider (very rare): specta rem modo! Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14: audaciam meretricum specta, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 24: importunitatem spectate aniculae, id. And. 1, 4, 4: suave, E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem, Lucr. 2, 2: caeli signorum admirabilem ordinem spectat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 402, 17: ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio, Cic. Deiot. 2, 5.
- B. In partic.
- 1. To look to a thing, as to an end or guide of action; hence, to have in view, bear in mind; to aim, strive, or endeavor after; to meditate; to tend, incline, refer, pertain, or have regard to a thing (freq. and class.; syn.: contendo, pertineo, tendo): juvenes magna spectare et ad ea rectis studiis debent contendere, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45: nec commune bonum poterant spectare, Lucr. 5, 958: rem, non hominem, spectari oportere, Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9: nihil spectat nisi fugam, Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1: Pompeius statuisse videtur, quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret, id. Mil. 6, 15: nos ea, quae sunt in usu vitāque communi, non ea quae finguntur aut optantur spectare debemus, id. Lael. 5, 18: ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare, Liv. 22, 22, 21: arma et bellum, id. 3, 69, 2: Romani, desperatā ope humanā, fata et deos spectabant, id. 5, 16, 8; Curt. 9, 7, 2; Just. 13, 1, 8: tota domus quae spectat in nos solos, relies on, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58: in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur, id. Or. 16, 51: mores, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; so (with sequi) id. de Or. 2, 50, 204: quem locum probandae virtutis tuae spectas? do you seek? Caes. B. G. 5, 44: noli spectare, quanti homo sit, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14: me spectasse semper, ut tibi possem quam maxime esse conjunctus, id. Fam. 5, 8, 3: ad imperatorias laudes, id. Vatin. 10, 24: ad suam magis gloriam quam ad salutem rei publicae, id. Sest. 16, 37: ad vitulam, Verg. E. 3, 48: cum plebes Nolana de integro ad defectionem spectaret, Liv. 23, 16, 2; so id. 23, 6, 4: ab scelere ad aliud spectare mulier scelus, id. 1, 47, 1; 34, 56, 10.
Of subjects not personal: et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum, Cic. Or. 59, 200: ad arma rem spectare, id. Fam. 14, 5, 1; cf.: rem ad seditionem spectare, Liv. 25, 3, 19: ad vim spectare res coepit, id. 1, 9, 6; cf.: si ad perniciem patriae res spectabit, Cic. Off. 2, 23, 90: aliquid anquirunt, quod spectet et valeat ad bene beateque vivendum, id. ib. 2, 2, 6: ea non tam ad religionem spectant, quam ad jus sepulcrorum, belong to, concern, id. Leg. 2, 23, 58: quoniam de eo genere beneficiorum dictum est, quae ad singulos spectant: deinceps de iis, quae ad universos pertinent, disputandum est, id. Off. 2, 21, 72; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 7: artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis et in unum exitum spectantibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 92: nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent, id. ib. 2, 40, 169: solvendi necessitas debitorem spectat, Dig. 2, 14, 42: res eo spectat, ut eā poenā non videamini esse contenti, Cic. Lig. 5, 13: hoc eo spectabat, ut eam (Pythiam) a Philippo corruptam diceret, id. de Div. 2, 57, 118: summa judicii mei spectat huc, ut meorum injurias ferre possim, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 46: quo igitur haec spectat oratio? Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; cf. id. Phil. 13, 20, 46: quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio? id. ib. 7, 9, 26 et saep.: quia quicquid ad corpus spectat, et immortalitatis est expers, vanum sit, Lact. 3, 12, 33.
- 2. (Acc. to I. B. 3.) To judge of; to try, test (syn. probo): nemo illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat, Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 28: alicujus animum ex animo suo, Ter. And. 4, 1, 22: non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 31: ex meo otium tuum specto, id. Att. 12, 39: quod ego non tam fastidiose in nobis quam in histrionibus spectari puto, id. de Or. 1, 61, 258: ubi facillime spectatur mulier, quae ingenio’st bono? Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 59; cf.: hominem in dubiis periclis, Lucr. 3, 55: beneficium a deteriore parte, Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2.
Hence, spectātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 2.).
- A. Tried, tested, proved (syn.: probatus, cognitus): tuam probatam et spectatam maxime adulescentiam, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 14: homines spectati et probati, Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124: fides spectata et diu cognita, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 7, 82: pietas spectata per ignes, id. F. 4, 37: integritas, Liv. 26, 49, 16; cf.: homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus, Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29: spectata ac nobilitata virtus, id. Fl. 26, 63: spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas, id. Phil. 3, 10, 26: rebus spectata juventus, Verg. A. 8, 151: utebatur medico ignobili, sed spectato homine, Cleophanto, id. Clu. 16, 47: mores, Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 4: ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent, Sall. C. 20, 2.
Sup.: id cuique spectatissimum sit, quod occurrerit, etc., let that be the best test of each, Liv. 1, 57, 7.
With subject-clause: mihi satis spectatum est, Pompeium malle principem volentibus vobis esse quam, etc., Sall. H. 3, 61, 23 Dietsch.
- B. In gen., looked up to, respected, esteemed, worthy, excellent: fecere tale ante alii spectati viri, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 47: in perfecto et spectato viro, Cic. Lael. 2, 9: homines, id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24: castitas, Liv. 1, 57, 10.
Comp.: quo non spectatior alter, Sil. 1, 440.
Sup.: auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri atque in primis probati, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: spectatissima femina, id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.
Of things (Plinian): paeninsula spectatior (with flumen clarum), Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107: spectatius artificium, id. 11, 1, 1, § 1: spectatissima laurus, id. 15, 30, 40, § 134.
Hence, adv.: spectātē, splendidly, excellently: spectatissime florere, Plin. 21, 1, 1, § 2: spectatissime ministrere, Amm. 28, 3, 9.
spectrum, i, n. [specio], an appearance, form, image of a thing; an apparition, spectre, the Gr. εἴδωλον (much less freq. than simulacrum and species): spectra Catiana … nam quae Democritus εἴδωλα, Catius Insuber Epicureus spectra nominat, Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 1 sq.: spectra Catiana, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 1.
* spectus, ūs, m. [specio], look, appearance, aspect: spectu sine praepositione Pacuvius in Duloreste usus est, cum ait: spectu protervo ferox, Fest. s. h. v. p. 330 Müll.; Pac. Fragm. Trag. v. 147 Rib.
1. spĕcŭla, ae, f. [specio].
- I. A high place from which to look out, a look-out, watch-tower: specula, de quo prospicimus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.: praedonum adventum significabat ignis e speculā sublatus, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 93: dat signum speculā ab altā, Verg. A. 3, 239; Luc. 6, 279: tamquam ex aliquā speculā prospexi tempestatem futuram, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1; id. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Col. 7, 3 fin. al.
Plur., Liv. 29, 23’ specularum significationem Sinon invenit, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202; Stat. Th. 6, 547; App. de Mundo, p. 69, 40.
- * B. Trop., a watchtower: stetit Caesar in illā amicitiae speculā, Plin. Pan. 86, 4.
- II. In gen.
- A. In speculis esse, to be on the watch or lookout: nunc homines in speculis sunt, observant, quemadmodum sese unusquisque vestrum gerat, Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46; cf. id. Deiot. 8, 22: in speculis omnis Abydos erat, Ov. H. (17), 18, 12: in speculis atque insidiis relicti, Cic. Mur. 37, 79: diem unum in speculis fuit, Liv. 34, 26: gentis paratas pendere in speculis, Claud. B. Get. 569.
- B. Poet., like σκοπιά, a high place, height, eminence: in speculis summoque in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet, Verg. A. 11, 526; so of the summits of mountains, id. E. 8, 59; id. A. 10, 454; of the high walls of a city, id. ib. 11, 877; 4, 586.
2. spēcŭla, ae, f. dim. [spes; cf. recula, from res], a slight hope (rare but class.): estne quid in te speculae? Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 9; id. Cas. 2, 4, 27: ulla nec specula est, id. Rud. 3, 3, 3; Cic. Clu. 26, 72: oblectabar speculā, id. Fam. 2, 16, 5: cassae speculae renuntias fortiter, App. M. 6, p. 175, 17: tenui speculā solabar clades ultimas, id. ib. 10, p. 253, 5.
* spĕcŭlābĭlis, e, adj. [speculor], that may be seen, visible: Sunion, Stat. Th. 12, 624.
spĕcŭlābundus, a, um, adj. [speculor], on the look-out, on the watch; watching for any thing (post-Aug.): Festus Hadrumeto, ubi speculabundus substiterat, etc., Tac. H. 4, 50: ab ostio speculabunda, Mart. Cap. 2, § 112.
With acc.: speculabundus ex altissimā rupe identidem signa, Suet. Tib. 65.
* spĕcŭlāmen, ĭnis, n. [speculor], a looking at, observing: glaucum, Prud. Apoth. 88.
spĕcŭlar, āris, v. specularis, II. fin.
spĕcŭlāris, e, adj. [speculum].
- I. In gen., of or belonging to a mirror, like a mirror (post-Aug.): speculari ratione, in the manner of a mirror, Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9.
- II. In partic.: specularis lapis, a kind of transparent stone, muscovy-glass, isinglass-stone, mica, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 150 sqq.; 9, 35, 56, § 113; Petr. 68; Lact. Opif. Dei, 8 med.
Hence, spĕcŭlārĭa, ōrum, n., window panes, a window, Sen. Ep. 90, 25; 86, 11; id. Prov. 4, 9; id. Q. N. 4, 13, 7; Plin. 19, 5, 23, § 64; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4 and 21; Mart. 8, 14; Juv. 4, 21; Col. 11, 3, 52; Pall. 1, 20, 1 al.
In sing.: per corneum specular, Tert. Anim. 53 med.
spĕcŭlārĭus (contr. collat. form SPECLARIVS, Inscr. Orell. 4284), ii, m. [speculum], a mirror-maker, Dig. 50, 6, 6; Cod. Th. 13, 4, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 64, 1; Inscr. Orell. 6296.
Called also ‡ SPECVLARIARIVS (or contr. SPECLARIA), Inscr. Orell. 6351 sq.
spĕcŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [speculor].
- I. A spying out, exploration, observation (late Lat.): speculationibus fidis doctus, Amm. 26, 10, 4; 27, 2, 4: turris speculationis, Greg. Mag. in Job, 31, 85.
- II. A contemplation, speculation, Boëth. Consol. Phil. 4, 1; 5, 2; Aus. Mos. 326.
spĕcŭlātīvus, a, um, adj. [speculor], speculative (late Lat.): philosophia, Boëth. ap. Porphyr. Dial. 1, p. 2.
Hence, subst.: spĕcŭlātīva, ae, f., = contemplativa (sc. philosophia), Cassiod. Var. 1, 45.
spĕcŭlātor (also written spĭcŭl-), ōris, m. [speculor], in milit. lang., a looker-out, spy, scout, explorer, éclaireur (syn. explorator).
- I. Lit.: speculator, quem mittimus ante, ut respiciat quae volumus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll.: repentinus, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 164; Caes. B. G. 2, 11; 5, 49 fin.; Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140; Sall. J. 101, 1; 106, 2; Liv. 3, 40, 13; 22, 33, 1; 28, 2, 2 al.
These scouts formed a special division in each legion, Auct. B. Hisp. 13; Tac. H. 1, 25; Inscr. Orell. 1222; 3518 al.
Under the emperors they were employed as special adjutants, messengers, and body-guards of a general, Suet. Calig. 44; Tac. H. 2, 73; Suet. Aug. 74; id. Claud. 35; id. Galb. 18; id. Oth. 5; Tac. H. 1, 24 Lips.; 2, 11; 2, 33; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 15; id. Ben. 3, 25; Vulg. Marc. 6, 27 (where the Greek has also σπεκουλάτωρ) al.
- II. Transf., in gen., a searcher, explorer, investigator, examiner: physicus, id est speculator venatorque naturae, Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51: ad has excipiendas voces speculator ex convivis Persei missus, Liv. 40, 7: Cleonis fuisse publice praepositos χαλαζοφύλακας, speculatores futurae grandinis, Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 1: quo tu matutinus speculator amicae? Prop. 2, 29 (3, 27), 31: apes consumptis in proximo floribus speculatores ad pabula ulteriora mittunt, Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 19: Fabius cautā speculator mente futuri, Sil. 1, 679.
spĕcŭlātōrĭus, a, um, adj. [speculator], of or belonging to spies or scouts: navigia, spy-boats, vessels of observation, Caes. B. G. 4, 26; also called speculatoriae naves, Liv. 30, 10, 14; 35, 26, 9; 36, 42, 8; and caliga, worn by spies or scouts, Suet. Calig. 52.
Hence, subst.: spĕcŭlātōrĭa, ae, f.
- A. (Sc. navis.) A spy-boat, Liv. 22, 19, 5; 22, 36, 42.
- B. (Sc. caliga.) A boot worn by spies or scouts, Tert. Cor. Mil. 1.
spĕcŭlātrīx, īcis, f. [speculor], she that spies or watches, a (female) spy, watcher.
- I. Lit.: furiae deae sunt speculatrices, credo, et vindices facinorum et scelerum, * Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46; Sen. Contr. 1, 6 med.: mens boni speculatrix consiliorum suorum est, Ambros. Ep. 67, 5; App. Doctr. Plat. 2, p. 16, 1: Caucasiis speculatrix Juno resedit rupibus, Val. Fl. 7, 190: SPECVLATRIX ET PROPVGNATRIX MEORVM PERICVLORVM, Inscr. Orell. 4859.
- II. Transf.: speculatrix villa profundi, i. e. that looks towards the sea, Stat. S. 2, 2, 3: aestuosi maris alto e tumulo speculatrix statua, Val. Max. 9, 8, ext. 1.
1. spĕcŭlātus, a, um, Part. of speculor.
* 2. spĕcŭlātus, a, um, adj. [speculum], furnished or adorned with mirrors: cubiculum, Gloss. ap. Suet. Vit. Hor.
spĕcŭlor, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [1. specula], to spy out, watch, observe, examine, explore (class.; cf.: specto, conspicio): quo mox furatum veniat, speculatur loca, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 22: St. Quid hic speculare? Pa. Nihil equidem speculor, id. Cas. 4, 2, 12: omnia speculari et perscrutari ante, Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59: multorum te oculi et aures speculabuntur atque custodient, id. Cat. 1, 2, 6: Rostra, id. fl. 24, 57: jam vacuo laetam (avem) caelo speculatus, having caught sight of, descried, Verg. A. 5, 515: praemissus speculatum Bocchi consilia, Sall. J. 108, 1; so, consilia, Liv. 42, 17: dicta factaque alicujus, id. 42, 25, 8: abditos ejus sensus, id. 40, 21, 11: eventum Bellovacorum, to look for, i. e. await, Hirt. B. G. 8, 23: regni eventus, Just. 25, 3, 7: opportunitatem, to watch for, Tac. H. 3, 38; Vell. 2, 120, 4; cf.: noctem incustoditam, Tac. A. 2, 40: obitus et ortus signorum, Verg. G. 1, 257: aquas et nubila caeli (apes), id. ib. 4, 166: locum, id. A. 7, 477.
With interrog.-clause: nunc speculabor, quid ibi agatur, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 10: ut specularetur, quae in laevā parte suorum fortuna esset, Liv. 33, 10: huc hinc speculabor procul, Unde advenienti sarcinam imponam seni, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82.
Absol.: speculabor, ne quis hinc venator assit, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 13: quid ad se venirent? an speculandi causā? Caes. B. G. 1, 47 fin.: speculandi gratiā remissi, Hirt. B. G. 8, 7: imprudenter speculatus, Vell. 2, 118, 2: montis sublime cacumen Occupat, unde sedens partes speculetur in omnes, he can look around, Ov. M. 1, 667.
spĕcŭlum, i, n. [specio; hence, that in which one sees himself].
- I. Lit., a looking-glass, mirror (usually made of polished metal): speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf.: speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, id. ib. 6, § 82: homines sibi habere speculum, ubi os contemplarent suom, etc., Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 2: quid opu’st speculo tibi, quae tute speculo speculum es maximum? id. Most. 1, 3, 94; cf. id. Men. 5, 9, 3: speculi imago, Lucr. 4, 279; cf. id. 4, 331: speculis apparent simulacra, id. 4, 98: speculorum levitas, Cic. Univ. 14: quotiens te in speculo videris alterum, Hor. C. 4, 10, 6: ut in speculo rugas aspexit aniles, Ov. M. 15, 232: se in speculo contemplari, App. Mag. p. 283, 4: cava specula, id. ib. p. 284, 2 et saep.
On the material and use of mirrors, v. Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 128; 34, 17, 48, § 160; 37, 5, 16, § 64; 37, 7, 25, § 97; Stat. S. 3, 4, 94; Sen. Q. N. 1, 17.
With tanquam, ut, etc.: inspicere, tamquam in speculum, in vitas omnium, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 61; 3, 3, 74; Cic. Pis. 29, 71; id. Fin. 5, 22, 61; id. Rep. 2, 42, 69.
- B. Poet., transf., of the mirror-like smoothness of water: lympharum in speculo, Phaedr. 1, 4, 3.
- II. Trop., a mirror, copy, imitation (rare; more freq. connected with tamquam or ut, etc.; v. supra, I.): futuri temporis, Lucr. 3, 974; 4, 166: infantes et bestias putat specula esse naturae, Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 32; cf. corresp. with imago, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 3: omne opus Vergilianum de quodam Homerici operis speculo formatum est, Macr. S. 5, 2 med.
spĕcus, ūs (abl. plur. specibus, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 125; on the various forms found only in the grammarians, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 569 sq.), m. (f. and n. v. infra) [perh. root spec-; v. specio, and so orig. a hole, aperture; but cf. σπέος].
- I. Lit., a cave, cavern, grot, den; a cavity, chasm, natural or artificial; of the latter kind, a ditch, drain, canal, channel, covered water-course, a pit in mines, etc. (cf. spelunca).
- (α) Masc. (class. and freq.): inferum vastos specus, Enn. ap. Non. 222, 32 (Trag. v. 218 Vahl.): specus tenebricosus, Varr. ib. 222, 31: fons ex opaco specu, Liv. 1, 21; so abl. sing., id. 1, 56, 10; 10, 10, 1: forum medium ferme specu vasto collapsum dicitur, id. 7, 6; so sing., Ov. M. 3, 29; 7, 409; 11, 235; id. F. 4, 495; Liv. 10, 1, 5; Tac. A. 16, 1, 3; 16, 4, 59.
Plur.: quos agor in specus? Hor. C. 3, 25, 2: paucos specus in extremo fundo, et eos quidem subterraneos, * Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4; so of drains, ditches, Varr. R. R. 3, 17 fin.; Cat. 61, 28; Liv. 39, 13, 13; Tac. A. 12, 57; id. G. 16; Sen. Med. 741 al.
- (β) Fem. (ante- and post-class.): concava specus, Enn. ap. Non. 222, 23 (Ann. v. 420 Vahl.); cf. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 568; Pac. ap. Non. 223, 2 Müll. (Trag. p. 91 Rib.); id. ap. Fest. p. 343 Müll. (l. l. p. 73 Rib.): specum quandam nactus remotam latebrosamque, in eam me penetro et recondo, Gell. 5, 14, 18; Sil. 6, 276.
- (γ) Neutr. (anteclass. and poet.): hic specus horrendum, Verg. A. 7, 568; Serv. ad loc.: invisum caelo specus, Sil. 13, 425; Ps.-Quint. Decl. 10, 19.
- (δ) Acc. to the second declension: speca apposita, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 713 P.: altis claudere specis, Att. ap. Non. 487, 25 (Fragm. Trag. v. 63 Rib.).
- II. Transf., a hollow, cavity of any kind (poet.): specus atri vulneris, Verg. A. 9, 700 Serv.: quos Capacis alvi mersit tartareo specu, Phaedr. 4, 6, 10; of a snake’s belly, Sil. 6, 276; cf. of the belly of the Trojan horse, Petr. poët. 89, 2, 7.
In mal. part., Auct. Priap. 83, 34.
‡ spētĭle (or spectĭle) vocatur infra umbilicum suis, quod est carnis, proprii cujusdam habitus, exos, quā etiam antiqui per se utebantur. Plautus enumerandis suillis obsoniis in Carbonaria sic: ego pernam, sumen sueris, spectile, etc., Fest. p. 330 Müll.
spīca, ae (vulg. spēca: rustici, ut acceperunt antiquitus, vocant specam, Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2.
Neutr. collat. form spī-cum, Varr. ap. Non. 225, 30; Cic. Sen. 15, 51, acc. to Non. 225, 29; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 110.
Masc. collat. form spīcus, Poët. ap. Fest. s. v. spicum, p. 333 Müll.), f. [root spi-, to be sharp; Gr. σπίλος, rock; σπινός, lean].
- I. Prop., a point; hence, in partic., of grain, an ear, spike (syn. arista), Varr. R. R. 1, 48; 1, 63, 2; Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 91; 4, 14, 37; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 56; Cat. 19, 11: Cererem in spicis intercipit, Ov. M. 8, 292; 9, 689: distendet spicis horrea plena Ceres, Tib. 2, 5, 84: spicas hordaceas gerenti, App. M. 7, p. 191.
Prov.: his qui contentus non est, in litus harenas, In segetem spicas, in mare fundat aquas, Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 44.
- II. Transf., of things of a similar shape.
- A. A top, tuft, head of other plants, Cato, R. R. 70, 1; Col. 8, 5, 21; Plin. 21, 8, 23, § 47; 22, 25, 79, § 161; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 74; Ov. F. 1, 76.
- B. The brightest star in the constellation Virgo, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 110; German. Arat. 97; Col. 11, 2, 65; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311; Manil. 5, 269.
- C. Spica testacea, a kind of brick for pavements, laid so as to imitate the setting of the grains in an ear of corn, Vitr. 7, 1 fin.; cf. spicatus, under spico.
- D. Spicus crinalis, a hair-pin, Mart. Cap. 9, § 903 (al. spicum crinale, al. crinale spiclum; but in Lucr. 3, 198, the better reading is spiritus acer, v. Lachm. ad h. l.).