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1. O, o, the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the Gr. ο and ω. The Latin language possessed both the sound and the sign from the earliest times; whereas the Etruscan language never possessed the o, and the Umbrian seems not to have received it as an alphabetical character till a later period. The oldest monuments of the Latin tongue frequently employ o where the classic language has u. So on the Column. Rostr. MACESTRATOS (acc. plur.), EXFOCIONT, CONSOL, PRIMOS (nom. sing.), CAPTOM; in the epitaphs of the Scipios, HONC OINO, COSENTIONT, DVONORO OPTVMO VIRO (bonorum optumum virum); in the S. C. de Bacch. IN OQVOLTOD al. And even in the later inscrr. and MSS., we sometimes find o for u: POPLICO, POPOLVM, TABOLEIS, in the Tab. Bantina: FACIONDAM DEDERONT, Inscr. Orell. 1585: MONDO, HOC TOMOLO, ib. 4858: fondus, fornacatibus, solitodo, etc., in good MSS. (v. Freund, Cic. Mil. p. 18). And, on the contrary, u for o in the old forms, fruns, funtes, for frons, fontes, v. h. vv.: RVBVSTIS for robustis, in the Cenot. Pisan.; v. Inscr. Orell. 642: NVMENCLATOR, Inscr. Grut. 630, 5: CONSVBRINVS, ib. 1107, 1: SACERDVS, ib. 34, 5: VNV LOCV, ib. 840, 1. O appears in class. Lat. particularly in connection with qu and v: quom, avos. This interchange of o and u seems to have been effected rather by dialectical and local than by organic and historical causes; just as in the modern Italian dialects a preference is shown on the one hand for o and on the other for u, and in one and the same dialect the Latin o has passed over into u and the u into o.
On the commutation of o and e, see the letter E.
We have o for au in Clodius, plodo, plostrum, sodes, etc. (also in polulum for paululum, Cato, R. R. 10, 2).
O inserted in the archaic forms: Patricoles, Hercoles, v. Ritschl ap. Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq., and 9, p. 480. As an abbreviation, O. stands for omnis and optimus: I. O. M., Jovi Optimo Maximo: O. E. B. Q. C., ossa ejus bene quiescant condita, Inscr. Orell. 4489; cf.: O. I. B. Q., ossa illius bene quiescant, ib. 4483; 4490: O. N. F., omnium nomine faciundae, ib. 4415: O. T. B. Q., ossa tua bene quiescant: O. V., optimo viro, ib. 4135; also: optimi viri, ib. 5037.

2. ō (long also before an initial vowel: o ego, Ov. M. 8, 51; Hor. A. P. 301; but also short: ŏ Alexi, Verg. E. 2, 65), interj. The commonest exclamation of joy, astonishment, desire, grief, indignation, etc.; O! Oh! constr. usually with voc. or acc.; less freq. with nom., gen., utinam, si.

    1. 1. With voc.: o Romule, Romule die, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 Vahl. (Ann. v. 115 Vahl.): o Tite, tute Tuti, id. ap. Prisc. p. 947 P. (Ann. v. 113 Vahl.); cf.: o Tite, si quid te adjuero, id. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.): o mi Furni! Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2: o paterni generis oblite, id. Pis. 26, 62.
    2. 2. With acc.: o faciem pulchram … o infortunatum senem, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5 and 7: o miseras hominum mentes, Lucr. 2, 14: o me perditum, o me afflictum! Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3: o hominem nequam! id. Att. 4, 13, 2: o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum! id. Phil. 3, 11, 27: o rem totam odiosam, id. Att. 6, 4, 1: o Bruti amanter seriptas, litteras, id. ib. 15, 10.
    3. 3. With nom. (rare): o pietas animi, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 88 (Ann. v. 8 Vahl.): o Patricoles, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 14 Vahl.): o vir fortis atque amicus! Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 10: o ego ter felix, Ov. M. 8, 51; so, o ego, Hor. A. P. 301: o multum miseri, Ov. M. 4, 155: o qualis facies! Juv. 10, 157.
    4. 4. With utinam: o utinam Obrutus esset! Ov. H. 1, 5; id. M. 1, 363 al.
    5. 5. With si: quamquam, o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! yet oh! if, etc., Verg. A. 11, 415.
    6. 6. With gen.: o nuntii beati, Cat. 9, 5.
      By poets also placed after a word: o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrūm, Verg. A. 2, 281: quid o tua fulmina cessant! Ov. M. 2, 279.
      Three times repeated: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.: o pater, o patria, o Priami domus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 118 Vahl.): o soror, o conjux, o femina sola superstes, Ov. M. 1, 351.

Ōărĭon, ōnis, m., = Ὠαρίων, a poet. collat. form for Orion, Cat. 66, 94.

Ŏăsis, is, f., = Ὄασις [orig. a Coptic word], an inhabited spot, a fertile piece of land in the Libyan desert, an oasis; esp. the great oasis in Upper Egypt, to which criminals were banished by the emperors, Cod. Just. 9, 47, 26; Dig. 48, 22, 7, § 5.
Hence,

  1. A. Ŏăsēnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Oasis: Oasena deportatio, Cod. Th. 9, 32.
  2. B. Ŏăsītes, ae, m., adj., of or belonging to Oasis, Oasite: Oasitae nomi, Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 50.

Ŏaxes or Ŏaxis, is, m., = Ὄαξις,

  1. I. a river in Crete, now Axus: rapidum Cretae veniemus Oaxen, Verg. E. 1, 66.
    Hence,
  2. II. Ŏaxis, ĭdis, f. adj., of or belonging to the Oaxes; poet. for Cretan: capiens tellurem Oaxida, Varr. Atacin. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 1, 66.

ŏb (old form obs, v. III.), prep. with acc. (in late Lat. also with the abl.: OB PERPETVO EIVS ERGA SE AMORE, Inscr. Orell. 106) [Osc. op; kindr. with Sanscr. api; Gr. ἐπί].

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. With verbs of motion, towards, to (only ante-class.): IS TERTHS DIEBVS OB PORTVM OBVAGVLATVM ITO, let him go before his house to summon him, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. portum, p. 233 Müll.: ob Romam legiones ducere, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.); cf.: ob Troiam duxit, id. ib. p. 178 Müll. (Incert. libr. v. 5 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39; and ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2 (Trag. Rel. p. 211 Rib.).
    2. B. With verbs of rest, about, before, in front of, over (in Cic.): follem sibi obstringit ob gulam, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23: lanam ob oculum habere, id. Mil. 5, 37: ob oculos mihi caliginem obstitisse, before my eyes, id. ib. 2, 4, 51: mors ob oculos saepe versata est, Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; id. Sest. 21, 47: ignis qui est ob os offusus, id. Univ. 14.
  2. II. Transf., to indicate the object or cause, on account of, for, because of, by reason of, etc.
    1. A. In gen. (freq. and class.): etiam ob stultitiam tuam te tueris? do you still defend yourself with regard to your folly? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82: pretium ob stultitiam fero, Ter. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 23: ob eam rem iratus, on that account, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 33: neu quid ob eam rem succenseat, id. ib. 4, 4, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 7: Mi. Ob eam rem? De. Ob eam, id. ib. 5. 9, 20: ob rem nullam, id. Hec. 5, 3, 2: hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, etc., Cic. Fat. 10, 23: ob eam causam, quod, etc., id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: quam ob causam venerant, id. de Or. 1, 7, 26: non solum ob eam causam fieri volui, quod, etc., id. Rep. 1, 21, 34: ob hanc causam, quod, id. ib. 2, 1, 3: nec ob aliam causam ullam, etc., id. Lael. 20, 74: ob meas injurias, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.: quodnam ob facinus? id. ib. 5, 2, 3: ob peccatum hoc. id. ib. v. 37: ob malefacta haec, id. Ad. 2, 1, 46: ob illam injuriam, Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46: ob aliquod emolumentum suum, id. Font. 8, 17: (eum) ac Troiam misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.): ob rem judicandam pecuniam adcipere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; id. Att. 1, 17, 8; id. Mur. 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Sall. J. 89, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 87: nec meliores ob eam scientiam nec beatiores esse possumus, on account of, for that knowledge, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32: ob eam (amicitiam) summā fide servatam, id. Lael. 7, 25: is igitur dicitur ab Amulio ob labefactandi regni timorem, ad Tiberim exponi jussus esse, id. Rep. 2, 2, 4: unius ob iram Prodimur, Verg. A. 1, 251; cf.: saevae memorem Junonis ob iram, id. ib. 1, 4; cf. also: aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat, Hor. S. 1, 4, 26: barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini obtruncat, Liv. 21, 2, 6: non noxā neque ob metum, Tac. H. 2, 49: Germanicum mortem ob rem publicam obiisse, for the republic, id. A. 2, 83: cum quibus ob rem pecuniariam disceptabat, id. ib. 6, 5.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. In consideration of, in return for, instead of (mostly ante-class.): ob asinos ferre argentum, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 80; id. Ep. 5, 2, 38: quin arrhabonem a me accepisti ob mulierem? id. Rud. 3, 6, 23: ager oppositus est pignori Ob decem minas, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56: talentum magnum ob unam fabulam datum esse, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 11, 10 fin.: pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78: pecuniam ob delicta dare, Tac. A. 14, 14.
      2. 2. Ob rem, like ex re (opp. frustra), to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully (very rare): An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter Phorm. 3, 2, 41: verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, in vostrā manu situm est, Sall. J. 31, 5.
      3. 3. Ob industriam, on purpose, intentionally, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 6; 2, 3, 58 (id. ib. 2, 3, 60, de industriā); cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 14.
      4. 4. Quam ob rem, also written in one word, quamobrem, on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly; a very freq. particle of transition, esp. in Cic.: quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc., Cic. Lael. 11, 36: quam ob rem utrique nostrūm gratum admodum feceris, id. ib. 4, 16; 2, 10; 3, 12; 4, 15; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 19, 32 et saep.
      5. 5. Ob id, ob hoc, ob haec, ob ea, ob quae, on that account, therefore (not ante-Aug.).
        1. a. Ob id: ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis, Liv. 25, 35; 28, 2; Tac. A. 2, 66; 3, 75; 13, 5: ob id ipsum, Curt. 4, 16, 23.
        2. b. Ob hoc: ob hoc cum omnia neglecta apud hostes essent, Liv. 25, 37; Sen. Q. N. 7, 14, 4; Col. 7, 3, 21; cf.: ob hoc miserior, Sen. Ep. 98, 5.
        3. c. Ob haec: ob haec cum legatos mitti placuisset, Liv. 8, 23; 21, 50; 38, 34; Cels. 1 praef.
        4. d. Ob ea: ob ea consul Albinus senatum de foedere consulebat, Sall. J. 39, 2.
        5. e. Ob quae: ob quae posterum diem reus petivit, Tac. A. 2, 30 fin.; Suet. Ner. 13.
  3. III. In composition, the b of ob remains unchanged before vowels and most consonants; only before p, f, c, g, is assimilation more common: oppeto, offero, occido, ogganio, etc.
    An ancient form obs, analogous to abs, is implied in obs-olesco and os-tendo.
    In signification, that of direction towards, or of existence at or before a thing is predominant, although it likewise gives to the simple verb the accessory notion of against: obicere, opponere, obrogare.

ob-vĭam (also written separate, ob vĭam; cf. Corss. Ausspr. I. 495, 769), adv.

  1. I. Lit., in the way; hence, with verbs of motion (in a good or bad sense), towards, against, to meet: ob Trojam duxit exercitum pro ad, similiterque vadimonium obisse, id est ad vadimonium isse, et obviam ad viam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 147 Müll.: morti occumbant obviam, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Ann. v. 176 Vahl.): nec quisquam tam audax fuat homo, qui obviam obsistat mihi, as to put himself in my way, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 2: cum in Cumanum mihi obviam venisti, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3: prodire, id. ib. 3, 7, 4; cf.: si quā ex parte obviam contra veniretur, an advance or attack should be made, Caes. B. G. 7, 28: alicui obviam advenire, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5: quem quaero, optime ecce obviam mihi est, is coming to meet me, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 16: fit obviam Clodio ante fundum ejus, meets, Cic. Mil. 10, 29: obviam ire alicui, to go to meet, id. Mur. 32, 67 et saep.: obviam procedere alicui, to go to meet, id. Phil. 2, 32, 78: prodire alicui, id. ib. 2, 24, 58: properare, id. Fam. 14, 5, 2: proficisci, Caes. B. G. 7, 12: exire, id. B. C. 1, 18: progredi, Liv. 7, 10: mittere, to send to meet, Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 4: se offerre, to go to meet, to meet, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 24: effundi, to pour out to meet, to go in great numbers to meet, Liv. 5, 23: de obviam itione ita faciam, Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; late Lat., also, in obviam: ecce exercitus in obviam illis, Vulg. 1 Macc. 16, 5.
  2. II. Trop., at hand, within reach: nec sycophantiis, nec fucis ullum mantellum obviam est, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 6: in comitio estote obviam, id. Poen. 3, 6, 12: tibi nulla aegritudo est animo obviam, id. Stich. 4, 1, 16: amanti mihi tot obviam eveniunt morae, present themselves, interpose, id. Cas. 3, 4, 28: ire periculis, to meet courageously, to encounter them, Sall. J. 7, 4: cupiditati hominum obviam ire, to resist, oppose, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 106; so, ire superbiae nobilitatis, Sall. J. 5, 1: ire sceleri, id. ib. 22, 3: ire injuriae, id. ib. 14, 25: ire irae, Liv. 9, 14: ire fraudibus, Tac. A. 6, 16: crimini, Liv. 9, 26.
    Also, in a good sense, to meet an evil, i. e. to remedy, prevent it: ni Caesar obviam isset, tribuendo pecunias pro modo detrimenti, Tac. A. 4, 64: infecunditati terrarum, id. ib. 4, 6: timori, id. H. 4, 46: dedecori, id. A. 13, 5.

‡ ŏbăcerbat, exacerbat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll.

‡ ŏbăcĕro, 1, v. a., to contradict, interrupt: obacerare obloqui atque alterius sermonem moleste impedire; quod sumptum videtur a paleis, quas Graeci ἄχυρα vocant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll.

ŏb-aemŭlor, 1, v. dep. n. (lit. to excite to jealousy against, i. e.), to stir up, irritate, provoke (eccl. Lat.): illi obaemulati sunt me in non Deo, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 31 (a translation of Deut. 32, 21).

* ŏbaerārĭus, ii, m. [ob-aes], a debtor who must work out his debt (ante-class.): (agros colunt) ii, quos obaerarios nostri vocitārunt, Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 2 Schneid. N. cr.

ŏb-aerātus, a, um, adj. [ob-aes],

  1. I. involved in debt, in bondage on account of debt (class.): liber, qui suas operas in servitute pro pecuniā quādam debebat, dum solveret, nexus vocatur, ut ab aere obaeratus, Varr. L. L. 7, § 105 Müll.: tenuis et obaeratus, Suet. Caes. 46.
    Comp.: quanto quis obaeratior, aegrius distrahebant, the more deeply in debt, Tac. A. 6, 17.
  2. II. Subst.: ŏbaerā-tus, i, m., a person involved in debt, a debtor: obaeratos liberare, * Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 38: Orgetorix omnes clientes obaeratosque suos eodem conduxit, Caes. B. G. 1, 4; Liv. 26, 40, 17.

* ŏb-ambŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [obambulo], a going or walking about: obambulatio hominum, Auct. Her. 3, 19, 31.

ŏb-ambŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and

  1. I. a., to walk before or near any thing, to go past (not in Cic. or Cæs.); constr. with dat. or acc.: obambulare adversum alios ambulare, et quasi ambulanti sese opponere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll.
          1. (α) With dat.: obambulare muris, Liv. 36, 34, 4: gymnasio, Suet. Tib. 11: nec (lupus) gregibus nocturnus obambulat, walk or prowl about, Verg. G. 3, 538.
          2. (β) With acc.: urbem, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 20: totam fremebundus obambulat Aetnam, Ov. M. 14, 188: gymnasia, Suet. Tib. 11 (al. gymnasio).
  2. II. Transf., in gen., to go or walk about, wander: neu noctu irem obambulatum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 34: ante vallum, Liv. 25, 39: sermone imperfecto, Quint. 11, 3, 121: in herbis, Ov. M. 2, 851: praeter os, Plaut. Poen. prol. 19.
    Absol.: cum solus obambulet, Ov. Tr. 2, 459; Suet. Tib. 25.

Ŏb-ărātor, ōris, m., the god of ploughing, Fab. Pict. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 21.

* ŏb-ardesco, arsi, 3, v. inch. n., to burn before one, to blaze out: obarsit Dryas, Stat. Th. 9, 856.

ŏb-āresco, ĕre, v. inch. n., to grow dry, to dry up (post-class.): membrana quam siccari et obarescere non oportet, Lact. Opif. D. 10, 3 (al. arescere).

ŏb-armo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to arm (poet. and post-class.).

  1. I. Lit.: securi Dextras, Hor. C. 4, 4, 20: clipeo filium, Aus. Epigr. 25, 1: manus impias contra aliquem, App. M. 9 init.
  2. II. Trop.: perfrictis oculis, et obarmatis ad vigilias, App. M. 2, p. 125, 28.

* ŏb-ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., to plough around, plough up: cum hostes obarāssent quicquid herbidi terreni extra murum erat, Liv. 23, 19, 14.

* ŏb-ātrātus, a, um, adj., obscured, black, blackish: nascens luna si cornu superiore obatrato surget, pluvias decrescens dabit, Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349 Sillig. N. cr. (al. obatro).

* ŏb-ātresco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [obatratus], to become black, Firm. Math. praef.

ŏb-audĭens, P. a., v. obaudio fin.

ŏb-audĭo, ii, 4, v. a., for oboedio, to obey (post-class.); constr. with dat. or absol.

        1. (α) With dat.: alicui, App. M. 3, p. 136, 11.
        2. (β) Absol.: Adam non obaudiit, Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 2.
          With acc.: obaudite me, Vulg. Eccles. 39, 17.
          Hence, ŏbaudĭens, entis, P. a., obedient (eccl. Lat. for oboediens).
          Comp.: quid obaudientius esse potest, quam ut, etc., Ambros. Ep. 21.

ŏb-audĭentĭa, ae, f. [obaudio], obedience (eccl. Lat. for the class. oboedientia), Tert. Exhort. ad Cast. 2.

‡ ŏbaudītĭo, ōnis, f. [obaudio], obedience: obauditio, ύπακοή, Gloss. Philox.

ŏbaudītus, abl., ū, m. [obaudio], a listening: auris, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 29.

ŏb-aurātus, a, um, adj., gilded (postclass.): socci obaurati, App. M. 11, p. 260, 34.

1. obba, ae, f., a vessel large at the bottom, a beaker, noggin; a decanter: obba poculi genus, quod nunc ubba dicitur. Varro: obbas et Cumanos calices, Non. 146, 8 sq.; cf.: obba poculi genus vel ligneum vel ex sparto. Varro (here follows the passage just cited): idem Epistola ad Marullium: utrum meridie an vesperi libentius ad obbam accedas, Non. 545, 2 sq.; Pers. 5, 148; Tert. Apol. 13. (But in Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 53, the correct read. is phoba, v. Sillig. ad h. l.)

2. Obba, ae, f., a city in Africa near Carthage, Liv. 30, 7, 10.

(obbātus, false read. for ovatae, App. M. 10, p. 254, 15.)

(ob-blătĕrātus, false read. for adblaterantes, App. M. 9, p. 221, 25.)

ob-brūtesco, tŭi, 3, v. inch. n., to become brutish, stupid (ante- and post-class.): obbrutuit, obstupuit, a bruto, quod antiqui pro gravi, interdum pro stupido dixerunt. Afranius: non possum verbum facere, obbrutui, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll.: anima contracta suis e partibus obbrutescat, Lucr. 3, 545 (also ap. Non. 77, 32): claude meatus Obbrutescentis capitis, Prud. Hamart. 652.

obc-, v. occ-.

* occaecātĭo (obcaec-), ōnis, f. [occaeco], a hiding, concealing: occatio occaecatio est, Seren. ap. Non. 61, 31.

occaeco (obc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [obcaeco], to make blind, to blind, to deprive of sight.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen. (only postAug.; cf. excaeco): quidam subito occaecati sunt, are made blind, lose their sight, Cels. 6, 6, 57: requirendum est, num oculi ejus occaecati sint, id. 8, 4: in occaecatum pulvere effuso hostem, Liv. 22, 43, 11; Plin. 10, 3, 3, § 9.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To make dark; to darken, obscure: solem vides, Satin’ ut occaecatus est prae hujus corporis candoribus, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 66: densa caligo occaecaverat diem, Liv. 33, 7, 2.
        Absol.: noctis et nimbūm occaecat nigror, Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157.
      2. 2. To hide, conceal (so in Cic.): terra semen occaecatum cohibet, Cic. Sen. 15, 51: fossas, Col. 2, 2, 9; 10.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. Of speech, to make dark, obscure, unintelligible: obscura narratio totam occaecat orationem, Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 329.
    2. B. Mentally, to make blind, to blind: stultitiā occaecatus, Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 4: occaecatus cupiditate, id. Fin. 1, 10, 33: nec quid agerent, ira et pavore occaecatis animis, cernebant, Liv. 38, 21, 7: consilia, id. 42, 43, 3: occaecatus irā, id. 8, 32, 17.
    3. C. To render senseless, deprive of feeling, to benumb (poet.): timor occaecaverat artus, Verg. Cul. 198.

* occallātus (obc-), a, um, adj. [obcallum], rendered callous, indurated, blunted: occallatae fauces, Sen. Q. N. 4, 13, 8.

occallesco (obc-), lui, 3, v. inch. n. [ob-calleo], to get a thick skin; to grow or become callous.

  1. I. Lit.: latera occallescunt plagis, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13; Cels. 4, 24.
    Poet., of one metamorphosed into a swine: os sensi occallescere rostro, Ov. M. 14, 282.
  2. II. Trop., to become callous, hardened, insensible: jam prorsus occallui, Cic. Att. 2, 18, 4: longā patientiā occallui, Plin. Ep. 2, 15, 2: sic mores occalluere, Col. 8, 16, 6.

oc-căno (obc-), ui, 3, v. n., milit., to blow. sound a wind instrument (very rare; not in Cic. or Cæs.): cornicines occanuere, Sall. Fragm. ap. Diom. p. 370 P. (Hist. 1, 71): tum Sentius occanere cornua jussit, Tac. A. 2, 81; v. occino.

occanto (obc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [obcanto], to bewitch, charm (post-class.): aliquem, Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 9: mulier occantata, App. Mag. p. 327, 2.

occēdo (obc-; occīdo, v. infra), essi, essum, 3, v. n. [ob-cedo], to go towards, go to, go up to one (ante-class.): in conspectum alicujus occedere, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 4: obviam alicui, to go to meet, id. As. 2, 3, 24; 2, 4, 6; id. Stich. 5, 2, 24; Varr. R. R. 3, 17.
In the collat. form occīdo: cui nos occidimus, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 10 Schneid. N. cr.; cf.: occidamus Plautus ponit pro contra cedamus, cum plurimae aliae praepositiones familiares huic verbo sint, Paul. ex Fest. p. 181 Müll.

occēlo (obc-), āre, 1, v. a. [ob-celo], to conceal (late Lat.), Fulg. Serm. 11; Fulg. Rusp. ad Monim. 2, 5 init.

* occensus (obc-), a, um, Part. [obcandeo], burnt, burnt up: omnes occisi obcensique in nocte serenā, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ob, p. 201 Müll. (Ann. v. 388 Vahl.).

occento (obc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [obcanto], to sing at or before, i. e.,

  1. I. To serenade a person: senem, Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 66.
    Absol.: quid, si adeam ad fores atque occentem? Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 57: hymenaeum, id. Cas. 4, 3, 9 (dub.; al. offundam).
  2. II. In a bad sense, to sing a satirical song or pasquinade against any one (class.): occentassint antiqui dicebant, quod nunc convicium fecerint dicimus: quod id clare, et cum quodam canore fit, ut procul exaudiri possit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 181 Müll.: si quis occentavisset, sive carmen condidisset, quod infamiam faceret flagitiumve alteri, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Rep. 4, 10, 12 (Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 2, 9); cf. Rein’s Criminalrecht, p. 357 sq.
    With acc. of the place: ostium, to sing a lampoon or pasquinade before one’s door, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 20; id. Merc. 2, 3, 73.
    1. B. Transf., of birds of ill omen: bubo occentans funebria, singing dismal songs, Amm. 30, 5, 16.

1. occīdo (obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

  1. I. Lit.
    1. A. In gen. (very rare): aliquem pugnis, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20: occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum, to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1: occisum ad mortem, wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.
    2. B. In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.): L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66: ejus copias, id. Phil. 14, 14, 36: ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur, Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio: ad unum omnes, to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23: aliquem veneno, to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1: occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus … sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur, Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.: et occidet eum lingua viperae, Vulg. Job, 20, 16: occisa sunt in terrae motu, id. Apoc. 11, 13: dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret? Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so, se occidere, Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.: occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit, Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare; not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21: aliā occidis fabulā, id. Men. 5, 5, 23: occidis saepe rogando, Hor. Epod. 14, 5: legendo, id. A. P. 475.
    2. B. To ruin, undo: occidisti me tuis fallaciis, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.
      Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.): occisa est haec res, nisi, etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.
      Sup.: occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt, I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occlāmĭto (obcl-), 1, v. freq. a. [obclamito], to cry out, cry aloud, bawl: ne occlamites, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 27; id. Am. 3, 2, 3.

occlaudo (obcl-), ĕre, v. occludo.

occlūdo, si, sum, 3 (sync. form occlusti for occlusisti, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151.
Collat. form occlaudo, Cod. Th. 11, 24, 1), v. a. [obclaudo], to shut or close up.

  1. I. Lit. (class.): FORES OCLVDITO, Lex Puteol. ap. Haubold, p. 72: occlude ostium: et ego hinc occludam, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 78: januam, id. ib. 2, 2, 14: aedes, id. Am. 4, 1, 10; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 14: tabernas, Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 144; id. Cat. 4, 8, 17: furax servus, cui domi nihil sit nec obsignatum nec occlusum, id. de Or. 2, 61, 248: ego occlusero fontem, Att. ap. Non. 139, 8: me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi, Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108.
  2. II. Transf., to restrain, stop: linguam, i. e. to prevent from speaking (ante-class.): occlusti linguam, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 151; id. Mil. 3, 1, 10: aures, to close, shut, App. M. 9, p. 628 Oud.: os, Vulg. 1 Macc. 9, 55: libidinem, to restrain, Ter. And. 3, 3, 25.
    Hence, occlūsus (obcl-), a, um, P. a., shut or closed up.
    Comp.:     qui occlusiorem habeant stultiloquentiam, they would keep their foolish talk more to themselves, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 185.
    Sup.: ostium occlusissimum, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 15 (dub.; Fleck. oculissumum).

occulco (obc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [obcalco]. to tread or trample down (mostly ante-class.): bene occulcato, Cato, R. R. 49, 2: (cohors) occulcata pedibus, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 4; Liv. 27, 14, 7 Drak. N. cr.

occŭlo (obc-), cŭlŭi, cultum, 3 (plup. sync. occulerat, Val. Fl. 2, 280), v. a. [obcolo], to cover, cover over (syn.: tego, condo, celo, abdo).

  1. I. In gen. (very rare): terra occulit caput, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 375 Müll. (Trag. v. 141 Vahl.): virgulta multā terrā, Verg. G. 2, 346.
  2. II. In partic., to cover up, hide, conceal (class.; esp. in the P. a.; v. in the foll.): vitia corporis fuco, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 118: vulnera, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 2: (feminae) parietum umbris occuluntur, are kept concealed, id. Tusc. 2, 15, 36: hastatos, Liv. 33, 1: se silvā, id. 25, 8, 5: classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe, Verg. A. 1, 310: caligine terras, Ov. M. 1, 600: puncta argumentorum, Cic. de Or. 2, 41, 77: narratum ab iis, to keep secret, conceal, Tac. A. 3, 16: vitia, Quint. 12, 8, 10.
    Absol.: si quis et imprudens aspexerit, occulat ille, Tib. 1, 2, 37.
    1. * B. Of burying: occultum efferre significat sub terram ferre, ponere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 205 Müll.
      Hence, occultus (archaic orthogr. OQVOLTVS, S. C. Bacch.; scanned ŏccultus, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 39; 86; id. Capt. 1, 1, 15; cf. Brix, Trin. Einleit. p. 14 Ritschl ad Plaut. Trin. l. l. ed. 2), a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed, secret (freq. and class.; syn. abditus): hi saltem in occultis locis prostant, vos in foro ipso, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 21: res occultae et penitus abditae, Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 49: occultiores insidiae, id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 39: occultior atque tectior cupiditas, id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104: si quid erit occultius et reconditum, id. Fam. 11, 21, 5: cum res occultissimas aperueris in lucemque protuleris, id. Ac. 2, 19, 62: per occultos calles, Verg. A. 9, 383: via, id. ib. 3, 695: nota, Ov. A. A. 3, 630: sapor, Verg. G. 3, 397: crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo, Fama Marcelli, from an obscure, remote age, Hor. C. 1, 12, 45: res, i. e. the hidden laws of nature, Lucr. 1, 145; 424; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 15 sq.; 2, 41, 127; id. Fin. 3, 11, 37; 4, 7, 18 al.: occulti miranda potentia fati, Juv. 7, 200.
        1. b. Of persons, close, reserved, secret, not open: si me astutum et occultum lubet fingere, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 8: ab occultis cavendum hominibus consultisque, Liv. 25, 16, 4; Tac. A. 6, 51.
          With gen.: occultus odii, dissembling his hate, Tac. A. 4, 7.
          1. (β) Occultus, adverbially for occulte, in secret, secretly (Tacitean): qui ejusmodi preces occulti illuderent, Tac. A. 3, 29; 4, 12: patris mei amicitias non occulti ferunt, id. ib. 4, 40.
    2. C. Neutr. as subst.
      1. 1. oc-culta, ōrum, plur., secret things or places, secrets: servi, quibus occulta creduntur, Cic. Cael. 23, 57: cui fervens Aestuat occultis animus semperque tacendis, Juv. 3, 50.
        With gen.: occulta saltuum scrutari, Tac. A. 1, 61: occulta conjurationis retexere, id. ib. 15, 74: occulta cordis, Vulg. 1 Cor. 14, 25: hominum, id. Rom. 2, 16: ab occultis meis, from my secret sins, id. Psa. 18, 13.
      2. 2. Sing.: occultum, i, n., secrecy, only in adverb. phrases, in occulto; per occultum; ex occulto, in secret, secretly: SACRA IN OQVOLTOD NE QVIQVAM FECISE VELET, S. C. Bacch.: in occulto mussabant, Enn. Ann. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 144 Müll. (Ann. v. 185 Vahl.): Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 86: stare in occulto, Cic. Clu. 28, 78: per occultum (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 6, 7; 4, 71 fin.; 5, 4; Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 124: ex occulto, from a place of concealment, secret place, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 17: Jugurtha ex occulto repente nostros invadit, Sall. J. 59, 2.
        Hence, secretly: ex occulto intervenire, Cic. Clu. 16, 47.
        Hence, adv., in three forms: occultē (class.), occultō (ante-class.), and occultim (post-class.), in concealment, in secret, secretly, privately.
          1. (α) Form occulte: neque id occulte fert, does not keep it secret, makes no secret of it, does not conceal it, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 30: ea nunc occulte cuniculis oppugnatur, Cic. Agr. 1, 1, 1: proficisci, Caes. B. C. 1, 66: inter se constituere aliquid, id. B. G. 7, 83: labitur occulte, Ov. M. 10, 519: nec clam illud occulteque factum est, Plin. 36, 2, 2, § 6.
          2. (β) Form occulto, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P. (Com. Rel. v. 295 Rib.).
          3. * (γ) Form occultim: reptare, Sol. 4.
        1. b. Comp.: conari occultius, Cic. Deiot. 6, 18: erant praeterea complures paulo occultius consilii hujus participes, Sall. C. 17, 5: Quint. 9, 4, 21.
          Sup.: quam potuit occultissime reliquas cohortes duxit, Caes. B. C. 3, 67: castra quam potest occultissime locat, Liv. 9, 2; Sall. J. 91, 3; for which maxime occulte, Sall. J. 35, 4.

2. occulto (obc-), āvi, ātum, 1 (occultassis for occultaveris, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 1), v. freq. a. [occulo], to hide, conceal, secrete (class.).
With pers. pron.: neque latebrose me abs tuo Conspectu occultabo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 2: noli avorsari, neque te occultassis mihi, id. ib. 3, 2, 1.
The place of concealment usu. expressed by abl. with in: ut aves, tum in hac, tum in illā parte se occultent, Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120: in hortis suis se occultans, id. Att. 9, 11, 1: in quā (latebrā) tabella occultaret suffragium, id. Leg. 3, 15, 34; Plin. 8, 23, 35, § 85; Just. 25, 2, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 11; or by advv. of place: ibi se occultans, Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77: cum paucissimis alicubi occultabor, id. Att. 10, 10, 3.
But also by the abl. (of means): Hiempsal reperitur, se occultans tugurio, Sall. J. 12, 5: se latebris, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7: insulis sese, Caes. B. G. 6, 31, 3; 5, 19, 1; 7, 45, 5; Liv. 7, 14, 8; Tac. A. 2, 17; id. H. 3, 84: quae natura occultavit, Cic. Off. 1, 35, 127: occultare et dissimulare appetitum voluptatis, id. ib. 1, 30, 105; cf., in the contrary order: dissimulare et occultare aliquid, Caes. B. C. 2, 31: intus veritas occultetur, Cic. Fin. 2, 24: legionem silvis, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: aliquid in terram, id. ib. 7, 85 (dub.; Schneider, Nipperdey, Kraner, in terrā): neque occultati humilitate arborum, Sall. J. 49, 5; Ov. M. 2, 686: fugam, Caes. B. G. 1, 27.
Mid.: stellae occultantur, hide themselves, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 5 (opp. aperiuntur).
With inf.: est res quaedam, quam occultabam tibi dicere, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 22.

occumbo (obc-), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n. [ob-cumbo, cubo], to fall or sink down (cf.: occido, obeo, oppeto); hence,

  1. I. To go down, to set, of the heavenly bodies (postclass.): cometes cum oriretur occumberetque, Just. 37, 2, 3: cum sol occumberet, Vulg. Gen. 15, 12; id. 3 Reg. 22, 36.
  2. II. To fall dying, to die (the class. signif. of the word); constr. absol. or with mortem, morte, or morti.
          1. (α) Absol.: cum veter occubuit Priamus, fell, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.): aut occubuissem honeste, aut victores hodie viveremus, Cic. Att. 3, 15, 4: pro libertate cos occubuisse, Suet. Aug. 12 fin.: circa se dimicans occubuerat, id. Tit. 4: fertur et ante annos occubuisse suos, Ov. A. A. 3, 18: dederat ne ferro occumbere posset, id. M. 12, 207: acie, Suet. Ner. 2.
          2. (β) With mortem or morte (the vacillation of MSS. between these two forms makes it difficult to ascertain which was the prevailing one; cf. Zumpt, Gr. § 387; Krebs, Antibarb. p. 790): pro patriā mortem (al. morte) occumbere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 102 (Kühner, Moser, Orelli, and Baiter have mortem, Klotz and Fischer morte): quod liberata patria … mortem occubuisset, Liv. 2, 7, 8; 3, 50, 8; 26, 25, 14: qui pugnantes mortem occubuissent, id. 31, 18, 6.
            So, too, letum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 390 Vahl.): necem voluntariam, Suet. Aug. 13 (al., with inferior MSS., nece voluntariā): ictus clavā morte occubuit, Liv. 1, 7, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.: morte occumbentis, id. 8, 10, 4: ambo pro republicā morte occubuisse, id. 38, 58.
          3. (γ) With morti (perh. only poet.): pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant obviam. Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.); so, certae morti, Verg. A. l. l.: neci, Ov. M. 15, 499.
          4. (δ) To succumb to, fall by the hand of one (poet.).
            With dat.: Rullo ditissimus agri Occumbis, Sil. 5, 260; Claud. B. Get. 74.
            With per: per te vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem, Ov. M. 7, 437.
  3. * III. Like accumbere, to lie at table, Afran. ap. Non. 97, 29.

oc-curro (obc-), curri, rarely cucurri (Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88; Phaedr. 3, 7, 2), cursum, 3 (archaic perf. occecurri, like memordi, peposci, Aelius Tubero ap. Gell. 7, 9, 11), v. n., to run up to, run to meet; to go or come up to, to go or come to meet, to meet (class.; syn. obvenio).

  1. I. Lit.
      1. 1. In gen.: ilico Occucurri atque interpello, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88: Caesari venienti, Caes. B. G. 3, 79: obviam alicui, to go to meet, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 30: amicis, Hor. S. 1, 4, 135; Suet. Calig. 4.
        Impers.: occurritur (sc. mihi), Cic. Att. 2, 22, 3.
      2. 2. In partic., to go against, rush upon, attack an enemy: duabus Fabianis legionibus occurrit, Caes. B. C. 1, 40: armatis, id. ib. 2, 27: telis occurrere, Verg. A. 11, 808: obvius adversoque occurrit, id. ib. 10, 734.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To come to, meet, fall in with any thing: quibuscumque signis occurrerat, se aggregabat, Caes. B. G. 4, 26: tot vatibus, Juv. 1, 18.
      2. 2. To go or come to any place.
          1. (α) With dat.: concilio, Liv. 31, 29.
          2. (β) With ad: legati ad id concilium occurrerunt, Liv. 31, 29.
          3. (γ) With in and acc.: in aliam civitatem occurrere, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67.
      3. 3. Of situation.
          1. (α) To stand or lie opposite to: apud Elegiam occurrit ei (Euphrati) Taurus mons, Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 84.
          2. (β) To lie in the way of, meet as an obstacle: in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat, Liv. 36, 25, 4.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To obviate or seek to obviate, to meet, resist, oppose, counteract: omnibus ejus consiliis occurri atque obstiti, Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16: illi rationi, id. Fat. 18, 41: malevolentiae hominum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 2.
      1. 2. To cure or attempt to cure; to relieve, remedy: venienti occurrite morbo, Pers. 3, 64: exspectationi, Cic. Clu. 23, 63: rei sapientiā occurrere, id. Fam. 4, 5, 6; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1.
    2. B. To meet with words, i. e. to answer, reply, object: ut si dicenti, Quem video? ita occurras, ego, Quint. 1, 5, 36: Venus, Val. Fl. 7, 222.
      Impers. pass.: occurretur enim, sicut occursum est, Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: occurritur autem nobis, et quidem a doctis et eruditis, etc., id. Off. 2, 2, 6.
    3. C. To offer or present itself, suggest itself, appear, occur: tu occurrebas dignus eo munere, Cic. Sen. 1, 2: nec tamen mihi quicquam occurrit cur, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49; 1, 22, 51: Atheniensium classis demersae et exercitus deleti occurrebant, Liv. 25, 24, 12; cf.: ea cum universa occurrerent animo, id. 25, 24, 12, § 14: oculis ejus tot paludes occurrerent, Col. 2, 2: oras ad Eurum sequentibus nihil memorabile occurrit, Mel. 3, 9, 3: animo, presents itself to his mind, occurs to him, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 104; cf.: ea quae occurrant, id. ib. 2, 54, 221: una defensio occurrit, quod muneribus tuis obniti non debui, Tac. A. 14, 53: cogitationi, quonam modo, etc., Plin. 29, 1, 1, § 2: neque vos paeon, aut herous ille conturbet: ipsi occurrent orationi, will present themselves, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191: haec tenenda sunt oratori: saepe enim occurrunt, often occur, id. Or. 32, 115: quodcumque in mentem veniat, aut quodcumque occurrat, id. Fin. 4, 17, 47: ne quid honestum occurreret, Tac. Agr. 2.
      With inf.: occurrit et aliqua dicere de magicis (herbis), it seems proper, Plin. 24, 17, 99, § 156.
    4. D. To reach, attain (eccl. Lat.): donec occurramus in unitatem fidei, Vulg. Eph. 4, 13: si quo modo occurram ad resurrectionem, id. Phil. 3, 11.

ob-densātĭo, ōnis, f., a thickening (post-class.): cutis, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 47.

obdĭtus, a, um, Part., v. obdo.

ob-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a., to put, place, or set one thing before another; to put against; to shut, close, fasten, etc.: obdere, opponere vel operire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 191 Müll. (not in Cic. or Cæs.): pessulum ostio obdo, slip the bolt, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 55: forem obdo, shut, Plaut. Cas. 5, 2, 15: obde forem, Ov. A. A. 3, 587: obditis a tergo foribus, Tac. A. 13, 5; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 37; Ov. F. 1, 28: fores obditae ferratis trabibus, Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30: Propontidis fauces Porcius Cato sic obditis navibus quasi portam obseravit, placed opposite, Flor. 3, 6, 10: auribus ceram obdere, Sen. Ep. 31, 2: feralibus amiculis instrictus atque obditus, enveloped, wrapped in, App. M. 10, p. 244: capillos in mutuos nexus obdere, id. ib. 3, p. 137.
Poet., to expose: hic nulli malo latus obdit apertum, exposes an unguarded side to no evil-minded person, Hor. S. 1, 3, 59.

ob-dormĭo, īvi or ii, ītum, 4, v. n. and

  1. I. a., to fall asleep (class.): ebrium obdormivisse, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 116: Endymion nescio quando in Latmo obdormivit, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: sub taxo, Plin. 16, 10, 20, § 51: quem obdormire volumus, Cels. 3, 18: Atiam obdormisse, Suet. Aug. 94: nepetam substernere obdormituris utile est, Plin. 20, 14, 56, § 158 (Jan, eo dormituris).
    1. B. Esp., to fall asleep in death (eccl. Lat.): obdormivit in Domino, Vulg. Act. 7, 59.
  2. II. Act. (anteclass.): omnem obdormivi crapulam, have slept off all my debauch, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 1.

obdormisco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [obdormio], to fall asleep (rare but class.): ibidem obdormiscemus, Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 33; id. Am. 1, 1, 116: quid melius, quam in mediis vitae laboribus obdormiscere, * Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: in jure dicendo, Suet. Claud. 33: post cibum, id. ib. 8: cantante eo, id. Vesp. 4: testudines summā in aquā obdormiscere, Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 36.

obdormĭto, 1, v. freq. n. [id.], to fall asleep, Fortun. Carm. 3.

ob-dūco, xi, ctum (inf. perf. sync. obduxe, Arg. ad Plaut. Merc. 7), 3, v. a., to lead or draw before, lead or conduct against or towards, to draw or bring forward or around, draw over (class. and very freq.; syn.: obtendo, obtego).

  1. I. Lit.: ad oppidum exercitum, Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 13: vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie, Att. ap. Non. 224, 13: Curium, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: ab utroque latere collis transversam fossam obduxit, drew forward, drew, made, or extended a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 8: vela, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21: vestem, to draw on or over, Tac. A. 4, 70; Curt. 6, 5, 27: seram, to draw, close, fasten, Prop. 5, 5, 48: callum, to draw over, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 3.
    1. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To cover by drawing over; to cover over, overspread, surround, envelop: trunci obducuntur libro, aut cortice, Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120: operimento, id. Leg. 2, 22, 56; Verg. E. 1, 49: vultus, of the sun, Ov. M. 2, 330: caput, Luc. 9, 109: semina cortice, Plin. 19, 7, 36, § 119: obducta cicatrix, a closed, healed scar, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4; Curt. 8, 10, 31: obductā nocte, overcast, cloudy, dark, Nep. Hann. 5, 2; Curt. 8, 13, 25.
      2. 2. To close, shut up (poet.): obducta penetralia Phoebi, Luc. 5, 67: fores, Sen. Herc. Oet. 1548. mors oculos coepit obducere, Petr. S. 19.
      3. 3. To draw in, drink down, swallow: venenum, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96: potionem, Sen. Prov. 3, 12: pultarium mulsi, to drink up, Petr. 42.
      4. 4. To swallow up, overwhelm: uti eos, eum exercitum, eos hostes, eosque homines, urbes agrosque eorum … obducatis (an imprecation to the gods below), Macr. S. 3, 9, 10.
      5. 5. To contract, wrinkle, knit the brow: obductā solvatur fronte senectus, Hor. Epod. 13, 5: frontem, Juv. 9, 2: vultum, Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5.
      6. 6. To injure, harm (late Lat.): stomachum, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 28.
      7. 7. To bring home in opposition or rivalry to another: eum putat uxor sibi Obduxe scortum, Plaut. Merc. Arg. 1, 7.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To draw or spread over: obsidionem, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Trag. v. 11 Vahl.): clarissimis rebus tenebras obducere, i. e. to darken, obscure, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 16: paulatim tenebris sese obducentibus, Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 143.
    2. B. Transf.
      1. 1. To cover, conceal: obductus verbis dolor, Verg. A. 10, 64: obductos rescindere luctus, Ov. M. 12, 543: rei publicae obducere cicatricem, Cic. Leg. Agr. 3, 2, 4.
      2. 2. Qs., to draw out, i. e. to pass, spend time: itaque obduxi posterum diem, Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1.

ob-ductĭo, ōnis, f. [obduco], a covering, veiling, enveloping.

  1. * I. In gen.: nubila inimica obductione pendent, Arn. 1, 7.
  2. II. In partic., a veiling of criminals before their execution: obductio capitis, Cic. Rab. Perd. 5, 16: capitum, Amm. 14, 7, 21; Vulg. Eccles. 5, 1; 5, 10.

* obducto, āre, v. freq. a. [obduco], to lead or conduct in opposition or rivalry to another: nec pol ego patiar … measque in aedes sic scorta obductarier, Plaut. Merc. 4, 4, 46; cf. obduco, I. B. 7.

obductus, a, um, Part., from obduco.

‡ ob-dulcesco, dulcui, 3, v. inch. n., to become sweet: obdulcesco, περιγλυκύνομαι, Gloss. Philox.: in earum familiaritate obdulcuisses mihi, Aug. Conf. 7, 20, 2.

ob-dulco, 1, v. a., to sweeten, make sweet (post-class.): aliquid sale, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 8, 146; 4, 1, 12: fauces, Ambros. Hexaëm. 5, 12: obdulcatus panis, Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 8 med.: fontes amari obdulcati, Vulg. Judith, 5, 15.

obdūrātĭo, ōnis, f. [obduro], a hardening; of the mind, obduration, obduracy (eccl. Lat.), Aug. Ep. 105; id. in Psa. 77 et saep.

* obdūrĕfăcĭo, 3, v. a. [ob-durus-facio], to make hard, to harden, Non. 23, 7.

ob-dūresco, rui, 3, v. n., to grow or become hard, to harden (class. only in the trop. signif.; syn. occalesco).

  1. I. Lit., Cato, R. R. 50: semen diuturnitate obdurescit, Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 5: nervis divinis, Arn. 5, 18.
  2. II. Trop., to become hardened, insensible, obdurate: ita miser cubando in lecto hic expectando obdurui, Plaut. Truc. 5, 24: ad ista obduruimus, Cic. Att. 13, 2, 1: usu obduruerat et percalluerat civitatis incredibilis patientia, id. Mil. 28, 76: nisi obduruisset animus ad dolorem, id. Fam. 2, 16, 1: contra fortunam, id. Tusc. 3, 28, 67; cf. id. Fin. 3, 11, 37: consuetudine, id. Phil. 2, 42: amicorum alii obduruerunt, id. Fam. 5, 15: Gorgonis vultu, at the sight of, Prop. 3, 20, 13: dociliora sunt ingenia, priusquam obduruerunt, Quint. 1, 12, 8.

ob-dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

  1. I. Act., to harden, render hard (only postclass.); in the trop. signif.: obdurare se contra manifestam veritatem, Lact. 1, 1, 23: obdurata patientia, Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 13: obdurata nequitia, Cod. Just. 10, 19, 2: obdurata verecundia, Capitol. Pert. 9.
    Esp., to harden the heart against God (eccl. Lat.): obdurare corda, Vulg. Heb. 3, 8; id. Psa. 94, 8; id. Deut. 15, 7.
    Pass.: ut non obduretur quis vestrum, Vulg. Heb. 3, 13.
  2. II. Neutr., to be hard or hardened; only trop., to hold out, persist, endure: pernegabo atque obdurabo, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56: persta, atque obdura, Hor. S. 2, 5, 39; Cat. 8, 11: perfer et obdura, Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 7.
    Impers. pass.: quare obduretur hoc triduum, * Cic. Att. 12, 3.

ŏbēdĭens, entis, Part. and P. a., v. oboedio.

ŏb-oedĭo (better than ŏb-ēdĭo, Cic. Rep. 3, 29, 41; Front. Ep. ad Verr. 7 Mai.; id. Fer. Als. 3; cf.: oboedire, obaudire, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll. and Bramb. s. v.
Ante-class. form of the fut., oboedibo: oboedibo tibi, Afran. ap. Non. 507, 30), īvi or ĭi, ītum, īre, 4, v. n. [ob-audio].

  1. I. In gen. (very rare), to give ear, hearken, listen to one: alicui, Nep. Dat. 5, 4.
  2. II. Esp.
    1. A. Prop., of living beings (class.).
      1. 1. To obey, yield obedience to. to be subject to, to serve (freq. and class.; cf.: pareo, obtempero, obsequor).
        With dat.: parere, et oboedire praecepto, Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36: legi, Nep. Epam. 8, 1: voluntati, Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19: obtemperare et oboedire magistratibus, id. Leg. 3, 2, 5: qui nobis oboediunt, id. Rep. 3, 29, 41: impulsu libidinum voluptatibus oboedientium, id. ib. 6, 26, 28: pecora ventri oboedientia, Sall. C. 1, 1: multorum oboedire tempori, Cic. Brut. 69, 242.
        Impers. pass.: utrimque enixe oboeditum dictatori est, Liv. 4, 26.
      2. 2. To be obedient in any thing (post-class.).
        With acc. of neutr. pron.: atque haec omnia perfacile oboediebam, App. M. 10, p. 247, 11.
        Absol., Suet. Calig. 29.
    2. B. Meton., of things, to yield, be manageable: ramus oleae quam maxime sequax, atque oboediturus, yielding, flexible, Plin. 17, 19, 30, § 137.
      Hence, ŏboedĭens (ŏbēd-), entis, P. a.
    1. A. Prop., of living beings, obedient, compliant (freq. and class.).
      1. 1. With dat.: nulli est naturae oboediens aut subjectus deus, Cic. N. D. 2, 30, 77: natio semper oboediens huic imperio, id. Pis. 34, 84: appetitum rationi oboedientem praebere, id. Off. 1, 36, 132: vivere oboedientem alicui, Sall. J. 31, 26.
        Comp.: imperiis nemo oboedientior, Liv. 25, 38, 7.
        Sup.: imperiis oboedientissimus miles, Liv. 7, 13, 2.
      2. 2. With ad: ad nova consilia gentem oboedientem habere, Liv. 28, 16.
        Particular phrases.
        1. a. Dicto oboedientem esse alicui for dicto audientem esse alicui, to be obedient to one’s word or command: magistro desinebat esse dicto oboediens, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 35; cf.: nec plebs nobis dicto audiens atque oboediens sit, Liv. 38, 7.
        2. b. Omnia secunda et oboedientia sunt, according to your wishes, Sall. J. 14, 19.
      3. 3. Absol.: cujus vis omnis in consensu oboedientium esset, the obedient, Liv. 2, 59, 4.
    2. B. Transf., of things, yielding, manageable: oboedientissima quocumque in opere fraxinus, i. e. easily wrought, Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 228.
      Hence, adv.: ŏboedĭ-enter, obediently, willingly, readily (a favorite word of Livy; elsewh. very rare): conferre tributum, Liv. 5, 12: facere imperata, id. 21, 34: facere adversus aliquem, id. 39, 53.
      Comp.: nihil oboedientius fecerunt, quam, etc., Liv. 38, 34.
      Sup.: oboedientissime paruit, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8.

ŏbēdĭenter, adv., v. oboedio, P. a. fin.

ŏboedĭentĭa (obed-), ae, f. [oboediens], obedience (class.).

  1. A. Of persons.
    1. 1. With gen.: servitus est oboedientia fracti animi, Cic. Par. 5, 1, 35.
    2. 2. Absol.: relinquunt enim et abiciunt oboedientiam, Cic. Off. 1, 29. 102.
  2. B. Of bees: mira plebi circa regem oboedientia, Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 52.
  3. C. Of elephants: intellectus illis sermonis patrii et imperiorum oboedientia, Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1.

ŏb-ēditĭo, v. oboeditio.

ŏboedītĭo (obed-), ōnis, f. [oboedio], obedience (post-class.): per unius oboeditionem justi constituentur multi, Vulg. Rom. 5, 19: ad justitiam, id. ib. 6, 16; Ambros. de Fug. Saec. 2, 12 fin.

ŏb-ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, ĕre, to eat, eat away, devour (used only in the part. perf. and P. a.).
Trop.: nec obesa cavamine terra est, Auct. Aetn. 344.
Hence, P. a.: ŏbēsus, a, um.

  1. I. Wasted away, lean, meagre: corpore pectoreque undique obeso, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 3; and ap. Non. 361, 17: (obesum hic notavimus proprie magis quam usitate dictum pro exili atque gracilento, Gell. ib.: obesum gracile et exile, Non. l. l.).
  2. II. Mid., that has eaten itself fat; hence, in gen., fat, stout, plump: obesus pinguis quasi ob edendum factus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 188 Müll. (not in Cic.; perh. not ante-Aug.; syn.: opimus, pinguis): corpus neque gracile, neque obesum, Cels. 2, 1; cf. Col. 6, 2, 15: turdus, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 40: sus, Col. 7, 10, 6: terga, Verg. G. 3, 80: cervix, Suet. Ner. 51.
    Sup.: obesissimus venter, Plin. 11, 37, 79, § 200; Suet. Vit. 17; App. M. 11, p. 263.
    Poet.: fauces obesae, swollen, Verg. G. 3, 497.
    1. B. Trop., gross, coarse, heavy, dull (poet.): munera quid mihi quidve tabellas Mittis nec firmo juveni neque naris obesae? that has not a quick nose, that is not nice or delicate, = obtusae, Hor. Epod. 12, 3; so, aures, Calp. Ecl. 4, 147: mens, Aus. Epigr. 7, 20: obeso somno mori, idle, lazy, inactive, of bees, Sulp. Sat. 56.

† ŏbĕliscus, i, m., = ὀβελίσκος (a small spit; hence),

  1. I. An obelisk: trabes ex Syenite marmore fecere reges, obeliscos vocantes Solis numini sacratos, Plin. 36, 8, 14, § 64 sq.; cf. Amm. 17, 4, 17; Isid. Orig. 18, 31; Tac. A. 3, 60.
  2. II. A rose-bud (postclass.), Aus. Idyll. 14, 27.
  3. III. A mark in books placed against suspected passages, an obelisk (†), Aug. Ep. 10, 2 (cf. obelus).

† ŏbĕlus, i, m., = ὀβελός (a spit), a critical mark shaped like a spit (†), placed opposite suspected passages in books, an obelisk (late Lat.), Hier. Ep. 104; 108; 112; Aus. Sap. 13 prooem.; Isid. Orig. 1, 20, 2.

ŏb-ĕo, īvi or ĭi (obivi, Verg. A. 6, 801; Aus. Epit. 32, 4; Anthol. Lat. 4, 97, 1; contr. obit for obiit, Lucr. 3, 1042; Luc. 9, 189; Juv. 6, 559), ĭtum, 4 (lengthened form, obinunt obeunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 189 Müll.), v. n. and a.

  1. I. Neutr., to go or come to or towards, to come in, to go to meet, go against (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    1. A. In gen.: donec vis obiit, until force intervene, Lucr. 1, 222: dum acris vis obeat, id. 1, 247: obit infera Perseus in loca, Cic. Arat. 465 (Grot. 718): ad omnes hostium conatus, to go to meet, to oppose, Liv. 31, 21.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Of constellations, to go down, to set: abditur Orion, obit et Lepus abditus umbrā, Cic. Arat. 46, 3 (Grot. 716); Stat. S. 2, 1, 210: an sidera obirent, nascerenturve, Plin. 2, 26, 24, § 95.
        Of the sun: in reliquis orientis aut obeuntis solis partibus, Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22: in undis Sol fit uti videatur obire et condere lumen, Lucr. 4, 433.
        Hence, to pass by: tres noctes, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 11.
      2. 2. Pregn., to fall, perish (syn.: occido, pereo, occumbo).
        Of cities: et Agamede obiit et Hiera, Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139; id. 5, 29, 31, § 117.—
        Hence, to die: malo cruciatu ut pereas atque obeas cito, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 76; Lucr. 3, 1045; tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens, Hor. C. 3, 9, 24: simul se cum illis obituros, Liv. 5, 39, 13: gaudio, to die of joy, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 180: morbo, of a disease, id. 11, 37, 71, § 187; Vell. 2, 47, 2; 2, 102, 1; Tac. A. 3, 6; Suet. Aug. 63; id. Tib. 39; id. Ner. 3; Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 10; 6, 2, 5: voluntariā morte obiit, Suet. Galb. 3 fin.; Vell. 2, 8, 7; Eutr. 7, 17: morte subitā, id. 8, 15: repentinā morte, id. 10, 17; Ambros. Ep. 53, 3.
  2. II. Act. (freq. and class.), to go or come to a thing or place.
    1. A. In gen.: Acherontem nunc obibo, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ob, p. 201 Müll. (Trag. v. 278 Vahl.): tantum restitisset urbis, quantum flamma obire non potuisset, to reach, Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25.
    2. B. In partic.
      1. 1. To travel over or through; to wander through, traverse, visit: nec vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit, Verg. A. 6, 801: tantas regiones barbarorum pedibus obiit, Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87: villas, to visit, id. Fam. 7, 1, 5: comitia, id. Att. 1, 4, 1: cenas, id. ib. 9, 13, 6.
      2. 2. To run over with the eyes, to survey, review: oculis exercitum, to survey, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 13: omnia visu, Verg. A. 10, 447.
        In speaking, to go over, mention, recount: oratione omnes civitates, to enumerate, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 125.
      3. 3. To go around, surround, overspread, envelop (poet.): chlamydem limbus obibat Aureus, Ov. M. 5, 51: clipeum, Verg. A. 10, 482.
      4. 4. To apply one’s self to, to engage in, attend to any business or undertaking; to enter upon an office; to discharge, perform, execute, accomplish any thing: obeundi negotii studio tot loca adire, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34: hereditatum obeundarum causā, to enter upon, take possession of, id. Agr. 1, 3, 8: facinus, id. Cat. 1, 10, 26: pugnas, to engage in battle, Verg. A. 6, 167; Val. Fl. 3, 710: judicia, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173: legationem, to enter upon, undertake, id. Att. 15, 7; Nep. Dion. 1, 4: consularia munera, Liv. 2, 8: munus vigiliarum, id. 3, 6: publica ac privata officia, Just. 41, 3, 4: neque privatam rem … neque publicam, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53: ne ad omnia simul obire unus non possit, Liv. 10, 25, 14: rusticum opus, Col. 12, 3: bella, Liv. 4, 7: sacra, id. 1, 20: imperia, to perform, execute, Stat. Achill. 1, 149.
      5. 5. To meet: vadimonium, to meet one’s bail, appear at the appointed time, Cic. Quint. 17, 54: diem, to appear on the day appointed, id. Lael. 2, 7; id. Phil. 3, 8, 29; id. Att. 13, 14, 1: annum petitiones tuae, i. e. to be a candidate the first year the law permits, id. Fam. 10, 25.
        Hence, diem suum obire, to die: ea diem suom obiit, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 27; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Gell. 6, 8, 6; so, diem supremum, Nep. Milt. 7, 6; and simply, diem, Suet. Vesp. 1: mortem, Plaut. Aul. prol. 15; Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 48; hence, in the pass.: morte obitā (sc. ob rem publicam), id. Sest. 38, 83.
        Hence, P. a. (anteand post-class.): ŏbĭtus, a, um, for mortuus, dead, Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 869 P.: obiti, the dead: obitis libatione profunditur, App. de Mund. p. 68: OBITAE, Inscr. Orell. 2673.

ŏb-ĕquĭto, āvi, 1,

  1. I. v. n., to ride towards, ride up to (not ante-Aug.).
          1. (α) With dat.: obequitando castris, Liv. 2, 45: portis, id. 21, 54; 29, 34: moenibus, Curt. 8, 10, 6: peditibus, id. 10, 9, 16: agmini, id. 3, 10, 4: ordinibus, Amm. 24, 1, 1.
          2. (β) With acc.: obequitans moenia, Amm. 24, 2, 9.
          3. (γ) Absol.: insolentissime, Val. Max. 3, 2, 21: voces obequitantis acceptae, Flor. 4, 2, 50.
  2. * II. Trop.: non obequitabit nec illis vibrantibus concitatisque sententiis velut missilibus utetur, Quint. 12, 9, 3.

ŏb-erro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., to wander, rove, or ramble about a place (poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

  1. I. Lit.: oberrare tentoriis, Tac. A. 1, 65: ignotis locis, Curt. 6, 5, 18: mustela quae in domibus nostris oberrat, Plin. 29, 4, 16, § 60: dives arat Curibus, quantum non milvus oberrat, Pers. 4, 26.
    1. B. Transf.: crebris oberrantibus rivis, Curt. 3, 4, 12.
  2. II. Trop.
    1. A. To flit, hover before one: mihi monstrum oberrat, hovers before my eyes, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1280: cum tanti periculi … imago oculis oberraret, Curt. 8, 6, 26.
    2. B. To err, mistake: ut citharoedus Ridetur, chordā qui semper oberrat eādem, blunders at, Hor. A. P. 356.

‡ ŏbescet, v. obsum init.

ŏbēsĭtas, ātis, f. [obesus], fatness, stoutness, corpulence, obesity (post-Aug.): et obesitas ventris, Suet. Dom. 18; id. Claud. 41; Col. 6, 24.
Of trees: (arbores) laborant obesitate, Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 219.

* ŏbēso, āre, v. a. [obesus], to fatten: madefacto triticeo pane obesant avem, Col. 8, 7, 4 (al. obescant).

ŏbēsus, a, um, Part. and P. a. of obedo, q. v.

ōbex, obĭcis (objĭcis), m. and f. (of either gender indifferently; very rare in nom. sing.; acc. not found, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 489) [obicio, that which is cast or placed before; hence], a bolt, bar; a barrier, wall (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).

  1. I. Lit.: obices pessuli, serae, Paul. ex Fest. p. 187 Müll.: fultosque emuniit obice postes, Verg. A. 8, 227; cf. Ov. M. 14, 780: ferrati portarum obices, Tac. H. 3, 30: obices portarum subversi, id. A. 13, 39; Sil. 4, 24: diffractis portarum obicibus, Amm. 24, 5: infirmā scamellorum obice fultae fores, App. ap. Prisc. p. 615 P.: saxi, Verg. G. 4, 422: ecce maris magnā claudit nos obice pontus, id. A. 10, 377: quā vi maria alta tumescant Obicibus ruptis, their barriers, i. e. their rocky shores, id. G. 2, 480; Gell. 17, 11 fin.
  2. II. Transf., a hinderance, impediment, obstacle: apud hanc obicem, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 21: per obices viarum, Liv. 9, 3, 1; 2, 58; 6, 33, 11: nullae obices, nulli contumeliarum gradus, obstacles to admission, Plin. Pan. 47, 5; Inscr. Orell. 708.

obf-, v. off-.

offarcĭnātus (obf-), a, um, Part. [obfarcino], stuffed or crammed full, loaded (eccl. Lat.); with abl., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 24.

offĕro (obf-), obtŭli, oblātum, v. a. [ob-fero], to bring before; to present, offer; to show, exhibit (class.; cf. obicio, ostendo).

  1. I. In gen.: incommode illis fors obtulerat adventum meum, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 10; cf.: opportune te obtulisti mihi obviam, id. Ad. 3, 2, 24; id. Hec. 5, 3, 10; Cic. Att. 3, 10, 2: strictamque aciem venientibus offert, presents, opposes, Verg. A. 6, 291: speciem offerre, to present a false appearance, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81.
    In pass.: offerri, mid., to show one’s self, appear; to meet, encounter: multis in difficillimis rebus praesens auxilium ejus (numinis) oblatum est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 108: oblata religio est, a religious scruple struck him, id. Fam. 10, 12, 3: metu oblato, id. ib. 15, 1, 5: lex quaedam videbatur oblata, id. Phil. 1, 2, 4.
  2. II. In partic.
    1. A. To offer, expose; to bring forward, adduce: ne offeramus nos periculis sine causā, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83; so, se morti, Caes. B. G. 7, 77: se ad mortem, Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 32: obtulimus nos ad prima pericula, Ov. M. 13, 42: vitam in discrimen, Cic. Sest. 28, 61: moram offerre alicui, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 30: nam tu nunc vides pro tuo caro capite carum offerre me meum caput vilitati, id. Capt. 2, 2, 34: sponte suā leto caput obvius optulit ipse, Lucr. 3, 1041; cf. Cic. Sull. 30, 84; id. Sest. 1, 1; Liv. 3, 1; 31, 50: criminibus oblatis, brought forward, adduced, Cic. Lael. 18, 65.
    2. B. To offer, proffer; to bring, cause, occasion, confer, bestow; to inflict, etc. (cf. promitto, recipio, infero): foedus, Verg. A. 12, 109: in omnia ultro suam offerens operam, Liv. 40, 23: di tibi semper omnia optata offerant, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 21: alicui optatissimum beneficium, Caes. B. G. 6, 42: hoc tantum boni, quod vobis ab dis immortalibus oblatum et datum est, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49: datum atque oblatum, id. Verr. 1, 1, 1; 2, 4, 49, § 103: ut nunc hac re mihi opem et auxilium offeras, bring me aid and assistance, help me, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 25: laetitiam, to procure, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 18: alicui injuriam, id. ib. 5, 1, 14: vitium virgini, id. ib. 3, 3, 23: stuprum alicui, Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99: mortem alicui, id. Sest. 21, 48: sibi molestiam atque aerumnam offerre, to bring, procure, occasion, Lucil. ap. Non. 360, 23: occasio ad occupandam Asiam oblata, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4: seque offert suscepturum, offers, Tac. A. 11, 33: rusticus offerebat se intercessurum senatus consulto, id. ib. 16, 26: oblatā facultate in castra sese receperunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 72.
      1. 2. In eccl. Lat.
          1. (α) To offer to God, to consecrate, dedicate, Prud. Cath. 5, 150; Vulg. Exod. 38, 24; 39, 32.
          2. (β) To offer up, sacrifice, Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2, 2: Domino, Vulg. Gen. 4, 3: pro filio, id. ib. 22, 13: ex scelere, id. Prov. 21, 27: semet ipsum Deo, id. Heb. 9, 14 et saep.

offertor (obf-), ōris, m. [offero], an offerer (late Lat.), Commod. Instruct. 39.

offertōrĭum (obf-). ii, n. [offero], a place to which offerings were brought, an offertory (eccl. Lat.): offertorium tali ex causā sumpsit vocabulum. Fertum enim dicitur oblatio, quae altari offertur, et sacrificatur a pontificibus, a quo offertorium nomina tur, quasi propter fertum, Isid. Orig. 6, 19.

* 1. offĕrŭmenta (obf-), ae, f. [offero], a present; comically, of a stripe, cut: offerumentas in tergo habere, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 48.

offĭcĭo (obf-), ēci, ectum, 3, v. n. and a. [ob-facio], to come in the way of, to hinder, oppose, thwart, obstruct (class.; syn. obsto).

  1. I. Lit.
          1. (α) Neutr.: nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole: offecerat videlicet apricanti, hindered him from sunning himself, stood before him so as to intercept the sunshine, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92: luminibus, to obstruct one’s light: jus vel altius tollendi aedes aut non tollendi, ne luminibus vicini officiatur, Gai. Inst. 2, 31; Dig. 8, 2, 2; 10; 23; 39, 1, 5 et saep.
            So, in a fig.: nec mentis quasi luminibus officit altitudo fortunae et gloriae, Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43: demoliri ea, quorum altitudo officeret auspiciis, id. Off. 3, 16, 66: ipsa umbra terrae soli officiens noctem efficit, intervening before, id. N. D. 2, 19, 49: cum alii in angustiis ipsi sibi properantes officerent, Sall. J. 58, 6: hostium itineri, id. ib. 52, 6: prospectui, Auct. B. Afr. 52.
          2. (β) Act. (only ante- and post-class.): quapropter simul inter se retrahuntur et extra Officiuntur, are impeded, Lucr. 2, 156; 4, 763; 5, 776 (iter, Auct. B. Afr. 61, is prob. a gloss).
  2. II. Trop., to stand in the way of, to oppose, obstruct, to be detrimental or hurtful to, to hurt (cf.: obsisto, adversor, noceo): promitto tibi non offerturum, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 97: cur te mihi offers, ac meis commodis, officio simulato, officis et obstas? Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; cf. id. ib. 2, 6: consiliis alicujus, Sall. C. 27, 4: timor animi auribus officit, id. ib. 58, 2: nomini, i. e. famae, Liv. praef. 1: officiunt laetis frugibus herbae, hurt by shutting off light and moisture, Verg. G. 1, 69: lactucae officiunt claritati oculorum, Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68.
    With quominus: nec vero Isocrati, quominus haberetur summus orator, offecit, quod, etc., Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 6.

offīgo (obf-), xi, xum, 3, v. a. [ob-figo], to drive in, fix in, fasten (ante- and postclass.): furcas circum offigito, Cato, R. R. 48, 2; Lex Puteol. ap. Grut. 207, 1: ita densos offigunt implicantque ramos, Liv. 33, 5, 10 Drak. N. cr.: in crucem currere … ut offigantur bis pedes, bis bracchia, Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 13: manum alicujus ad ostii tabulam grandi clavo, App. M. 4, p. 147, 3.

offirmātē (obf-), adv., v. offirmo, P. a. fin.

offirmo (obf-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [ob-firmo], to render firm, durable, or steadfast (class. only in the P. a.).

  1. I. Lit.: pertica, quā stabuli fores offirmari solebant, arrepta, to fasten, bolt, App. M. 7, p. 200: corium, id. ib.
  2. II. Trop., to hold fast to, persevere in: certum offirmare est viam me, quam decrevi persequi, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 4: se, to persist, be obstinate, id. Heaut. 5, 5, 8: vir impius procaciter obfirmat vultum suum, Vulg. Prov. 21, 29: faciem, id. Ezek. 4, 3: spiritus, id. Dan. 5, 20.
    So without se, neutr.: censen’ posse me offirmare? Ter Eun. 2, 1, 11.
    With inf.: offirmastin’ oc cultare, quo te immittas, pessume? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 40.
    Hence, offirmātus (obf-), a, um, P. a., firm, resolute, obstinate: animus fortis atque offirmatus, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 15: satin offirmatum quod mihi erat, id me exorat, settled, resolved on, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 83.
    Comp.: mihi videtur illius voluntas obstinatior et in hāc iracundiā offirmatior, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1.
    Adv.: offirmātē (obf-), firmly, stubbornly (post-Aug.): offirmate resistere, Suet. Tib. 25.

offirmātus (obf-), a, um, Part. and P. a., from offirmo.

* offlecto (obfl-), ĕre, v. a. [ob-flecto], to turn about: navem, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 74.

offōco (obf-; collat. form offuco; v. in the foll.), āre, v. a. [ob-faux], to strangle, choke, suffocate (post-class.): cum oflocan das invicem fauces praebuissent (al. effo candas), Flor. 2, 11, 6; Sen. Brev. Vit. 2, 3: quicumque fluctus ejus offocant, Tert. Idol. 24: offucare aquam in fauces ad sorbendum dare, Paul. ex Fest. p. 192 Müll.

offrēnātus (obfr-), a, um, Part. [obfreno], bridled; only trop., curbed, tamed (ante- and post-class.), Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 96: Cerberus, App. M. 6, p. 181, 8; id. Mag. p. 323, 26.

offringo (obfr-), ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ob-frango], t. t. of agriculture, i. q. iterare, to plough a second time; to cross-plough: terram cum primum arant, proscindere appellant; cum iterum, offringere dicunt, to cross-plough, Varr. R. R. 1, 29; id. ib. 32: glaebas, Col. 2, 11, 3; cf.: offringi terra dicitur, cum iterum transverso sulco aratur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 199 Müll.

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