Lewis & Short

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1. turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (fut. perf. turbassit, for turbaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4; al. turbassitur) [turba], to disturb, agitate, confuse, disorder; to throw into disorder or confusion (freq. and class.; syn.: confundo, misceo, agito).

  1. I. Lit.: ventorum vi agitari atque turbari mare, Cic. Clu. 49, 138: aequora ventis, Lucr. 2, 1: hibernum mare, Hor. Epod. 15, 8; Ov. M. 7, 154; 14, 545 al.: eversae turbant convivia mensae, id. ib. 12, 222; cf. in a poet. transf.: ancipiti quoniam bello turbatur utrimque, Lucr. 6, 377: ne comae turbarentur, quas componi vetuit, Quint. 11, 3, 148: ne turbet toga mota capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 75: capillos, id. M. 8, 859; id. Am. 3, 14, 33; cf. in a Greek construction: turbata capillos, id. M. 4, 474: ceram, the seal, Quint. 12, 8, 13: uvae recentes alvum turbant, Plin. 23, 1, 6, § 10.
    Absol.: instat, turbatque ruitque, Ov. M. 12, 134.
    Reflex.: cum mare turbaret (sc. se), Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7 Schneid. ad loc. (al. turbaretur).
    1. B. In partic.
      1. 1. Milit. t. t., to throw into disorder, break the line of battle, disorganize: equitatus turbaverat ordines, Liv. 3, 70, 9: aciem peditum, id. 30, 18, 10.
        Absol.: equites eruptione factā in agmen modice primo impetu turbavere, Liv. 38, 13, 12: turbantibus invicem copiis, Flor. 4, 2, 49: hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, sistet, Verg. A. 6, 857.
      2. 2. Of water, to trouble, make thick or turbid: lacus, Ov. M. 6, 364: fons quem nulla volucris turbarat, id. ib. 3, 410: flumen imbre, id. ib. 13, 889: limo aquam, Hor. S. 1, 1, 60: aquas lacrimis, Ov. M. 3, 475; cf.: pulvis sputo turbatus, Petr. 131.
  2. II. Trop.: non modo illa permiscuit, sed etiam delectum atque ordinem turbavit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: qui omnia inflma summis paria fecit, turbavit, miscuit, id. Leg. 3, 9, 19: Aristoteles quoque multa turbat, a magistro Platone non dissentiens, id. N. D. 1, 13, 33: quantas res turbo! Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: quas meus filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; cf.: quae meus filius turbavit, id. ib. 5, 1, 5; id. Cas. 5, 2, 6: ne quid ille turbet vide, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24: haec, quae in re publicā turbantur, id. ib. 3, 9, 3: cum dies alicui nobilium dicta novis semper certaminibus contiones turbaret, Liv. 3, 66, 2: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, id. 4, 6, 2: milites nihil in commune turbantes, Tac. H. 1, 85: turbantur (testes), Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf. id. 4, 5, 6; 5, 14, 29; 10, 7, 6: spem pacis, Liv. 2, 16, 5.
    Absol.: Ph. Ea nos perturbat. Pa. Dum ne reducam, turbent porro, quam velint, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12 (cf. I. B. 1. supra): repente turbare Fortuna coepit, Tac. A. 4, 1: si una alterave civitas turbet, id. ib. 3, 47: M. Servilius postquam, ut coeperat, omnibus in rebus turbarat, i. e. had deranged all his affairs, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2.
    Impers. pass.: nescio quid absente nobis turbatum’st domi, Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, Verg. E. 1, 12: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset, Cic. Sull. 20, 57.
    Hence, turbātus, a, um, P. a., troubled, disturbed, disordered, agitated, excited.
    1. A. Lit.: turbatius mare ingressus, more stormy, Suet. Calig. 23: turbatius caelum, id. Tib. 69.
    2. B. Trop.: hostes inopinato malo turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: oculis simul ac mente turbatus, Liv. 7, 26, 5: turbatus religione simul ac periculo, Suet. Ner. 19; cf.: turbatus animi, Sil. 14, 678: placare voluntates turbatas, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: seditionibus omnia turbata sunt, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lepid. 1: turbata cum Romanis pax, Just. 18, 2, 10: omnia soluta, turbata atque etiam in contrarium versa, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 7; cf.: quae si confusa, turbata, permixta sunt, etc., id. ib. 9, 5, 3.
      Hence, adv.: turbātē, confusedly, disorderly: aguntur omnia raptim atque turbate, in confusion, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 1.

2. turbo, ĭnis, m. (collat. form tur-ben, ĭnis, n., Tib. 1, 5, 3; id. ap. Charis. p. 118 P.; gen. turbonis, Caes. ib.) [1. turbo], that which spins or twirls round (cf. vertex).

  1. I. A whirlwind, hurricane, tornado: ventus circumactus et eundem ambiens locum et se ipse vertigine concitans turbo est. Qui si pugnacior est ac diutius volutatur, inflammatur, et efficit, quem πρηστῆρα Graeci vocant: hic est igneus turbo, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 3: falsum est faces et trabes turbine exprimi, id. ib. 7, 5, 1; 2, 22, 2; id. Ep. 109, 18: procellae, turbines, Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; cf.: saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157 (Trag. Rel. p. 111 Rib.); Enn. ap. Schol. Vat. ad Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 4 (Ann. v. 553 Vahl.): venti vis rapido percurrens turbine campos, Lucr. 1, 273; cf. id. 1, 279; 1, 294; 5, 217; Ov. M. 6, 310: senatus decrevit, ut Minerva, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 1: turbo aut subita tempestas, id. Cael. 32, 79: pulvis collectus turbine, Hor. S. 1, 4, 31: venti rotanti turbine portant, Lucr. 1, 294: ita turbine nigro Ferret hiemps, Verg. G. 1, 320: venti ruunt et terras turbine perflant, id. A. 1, 83: accendi turbine quodam aëris, Sen. Q. N. 7, 4, 1.
    In apposition with ventus: exoritur ventus turbo, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: circumstabant navem turbines venti, id. Trin. 4, 1, 16.
    1. B. Trop., whirlwind, storm, etc.: qui in maximis turbinibus ac fluctibus rei publicae navem gubernassem, Cic. Pis. 9, 20: tu, procella patriae, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii, id. Dom. 53, 137: ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui, Cat. 64, 149: cum illi soli essent duo rei publicae turbines, Cic. Sest. 11, 25: miserae mentis, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 28: miserarum rerum, id. M. 7, 614: nescio quo miserae turbine mentis agor, id. Am. 2, 9, 28: Gradivi, i. e. tumult of war, Sil. 11, 101: virtutem turbine nullo Fortuna excutiet tibi, Luc. 2, 243: horum mala, turbo quīs rerum imminet, Sen. Agam. 196.
  2. II. Lit., a spinning-top, whipping-top, Verg. A. 7, 378 sq.; Tib. 1, 5, 3.
    1. B. Transf., of things that have the shape or whirling motion of a top, as a reel, whirl, spindle, etc., Cic. Fat. 18, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 449; Hor. Epod. 17, 7; Cat. 64, 315; Ov. M. 1, 336; Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 47; 9, 36, 61, § 130; 27, 4, 5, § 14; 36, 13, 19, § 90; 37, 4, 15, § 56.
  3. III. A whirling motion, a whirl, twirl, twist, rotation, revolution, a round, circle (mostly poet.): cum caeli turbine ferri, Lucr. 5, 624: lunae, id. 5, 632: ignium, id. 6, 640; cf. Verg. A. 3, 573: teli (contorti), id. ib. 6, 594; cf. id. ib. 11, 284; Luc. 3, 465; Sil. 4, 542: saxi, whirling force, circular hurling, Verg. A. 12, 531: serpentis, i. e. the coiling, Sil. 3, 191: Aegaeus, whirlpool, vortex, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 287; so, rapax, Stat Th. 4, 813: verterit hunc (servum in emancipatione) dominus, momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, i. e. of whirling round, Pers. 5, 78: militiae turbine factus eques, i. e. through the round of military gradation or promotion, Ov. Am. 3, 15, 6: vulgi, i. e. a throng, crowd, Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 200.

3. Turbo, ōnis, m., the name of a gladiator, Hor. S. 2, 3, 310.