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† hyoscyămus, i, m., = ὑοσκύαμος, the herb henbane, called also Apollinaris and altercum, Plin. 25, 4, 17, § 35; Cels. 5, 27, 14; Col. 6, 38, 3.
In a corrupted form: jusquiamus, i, m., Pall. 1, 35, 5; Veg. Vet. 2, 12, 5.

1. jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. ζωμός],

  1. I. broth, soup, sauce (class.): cum una multa jura confundit cocus, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120: quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17: in jus vocat pisces cocus, Varr. R. R. 3, 9: negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98: in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari, id. Fam. 9, 20, 2: tepidum, Hor. S. 1, 3, 81: male conditum, id. ib. 2, 8, 69.
    In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.
  2. II. Transf., juice, mixture: addita creta in jus idem, the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.

2. jūs, jūris (gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.: juribus, Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. ζεύγνυμι, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.

  1. I. Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty: juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere, Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit … videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant; per se jus est appetendum, Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20: jus hic orat, id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123: omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet, id. Ep. 3, 4, 90: jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate, Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64: tenere, id. Caecin. 11: obtinere, to maintain, id. Quint. 9: de jure alicui respondere, to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142: respondere, id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor: a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit, id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.: jura dare, id. ib. 1, 507: praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit, Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16: jus publicum, common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65: jura communia, equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5: divina ac humana, id. Off. 1, 26: belli, id. Div. 2, 77: gentium, the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5: quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium, Gai. Inst. 1, 1: civile, the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1: pontificium, Cic. Dom. 13, 34: praediatorium, id. Balb. 20: conjugialia, Ov. M. 6, 536: jus est, apponi pernam frigidam, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26: jus fasque est, human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22: juris nodos solvere, Juv. 8, 50.
    Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly: jure in eum animadverteretur, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19: jure ac merito, id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34: et jure fortasse, id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26: et fortasse suo jure, id. Fin. 5, 2, 4: te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet, with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24: optimo jure, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14: justo jure, Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf. opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law: non agam summo jure tecum, id. ib. 2, 5, 2, § 4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur, id. Caecin. 23, 65.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. A place where justice is administered, a court of justice: in jus ambula, come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43: in jus ire, Nep. Att. 6, 4: cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147: in jus acres procurrunt, Hor. S. 1, 7, 20: aliquem in jus vocare, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29: aliquem in jus rapere, id. ib. 1, 9, 77; 2, 3, 72: trahere, Juv. 10, 87.
    2. B. Justice, justness of a thing: absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae, Liv. 1, 26.
    3. C. Legal right, power, authority, permission: cum plebe agendi, Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31: materiae caedendae, Liv. 5, 55.
      Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31: jus agendi, aquamve ducendi, id. ib.: altius tollendi vel prospiciendi, id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640), Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26: jus capiendi, Juv. 1, 56: testandi, id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10: patrium, the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26: homines recipere in jus dicionemque, id. 21, 61: sub jus judiciumque regis venire, id. 39, 24: (homo) sui juris, his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18: jus ad mulieres, over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22: ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.: melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget, Juv. 2, 139.
      The legal forms of the old jurists: jus Flavianum, Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

‡ juscellārĭus, ζωμετής, Gloss. Philox.

juscellum, i, n. dim. [jusculum], broth, soup (late Lat.), Theod. Prisc. 2, 13; plur., Ven. Carm. 6, 10, 18; Schol. Juv. 4, 23.

‡ juscŭlārĭus, ii, m. [jusculum], a soupmaker, Inscr. ap. Mur. 305.

juscŭlum, i, n. dim. [1. jus], a broth: frigidum, Cato, R. R. 156, 7.

jus-jūrandum, jurisjurandi (often separately jurisque jurandi, Cic. Cael. 22, 54; id. Off. 3, 29, 104; in an inverted order: qui jurando jure malo quaerunt rem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 63), n. [2. jus-juro], an oath (class.; cf. sacramentum): jusjurandum pollicitus est dare mihi, neque se hasce aedes vendidisse, etc., Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 36: est enim jusjurandum affirmatio religiosa, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 104: socius vestrae religionis jurisque jurandi, id. Cael. 54: jurare, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7: idem jusjurandum adigit Afranium, made him take the same oath, Caes. B. C. 1, 76: accipere, to take an oath, be sworn, id. ib. 3, 28: deferre alicui, to tender to one, Quint. 5, 6, 4: offerre, id. 5, 6, 1: recipere, id. ib.: exigere ab aliquo, to demand, require, id. ib.: jurejurando stare, to keep one’s oath, id. 5, 6, 4: conservare, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: violare, to break or violate, id. ib. 29: remittere, to dispense with, i. e. to accept the word or promise instead of the oath, Dig. 12, 2, 6 al.: neglegere, Cic. Inv. 1, 29, 46: jurejurando civitatem obstringere, to bind by an oath, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; 1, 76, 3; 2, 18, 5: jurejurando teneri, to be bound by an oath, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: jurejurando aliquid decidere, Dig. 42, 1, 56: fraudem jure tueri jurando, Juv. 13, 201 sq.
Plur.: jura, Paul. ex Fest. 132, 29.

jusquĭămus for hyoscyamus, Pall. 1, 35, 5; Veg. de Re Vet. 2, 12.

jussĭo, ōnis, f. [jubeo], an order, command (post-class.), Dig. 40, 4, 44; Lact. 4, 15, 9; Vulg. Gen. 27, 5 al.

jussĭtur and jusso, v. jubeo.

‡ jussor, κελευτής, Gloss. Philox.

jussōrĭus, a, um, adj., giving orders (late Lat.), Ps.-Aug. ad Frat. Erem. Sem. 56.

jussŭlentus, a, um, adj. [1. jus], having broth or sauce (post-class.): piscis, App. Mag. p. 299, 24.

jussum, i, n. [jubeo],

  1. I. an order, command; a law (class.; mostly in plur.; the abl. sing. is supplied by jussu; v. 2. jussus): deorum immortalium jussis aliquid facere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 66: interpres Divūm fert horrida jussa per auras, Verg. A. 4, 378: tua haud mollia jussa, id. G. 3, 41: jussis carmina coepta tuis, id. E. 8, 11: efficere, to execute, Sall. J. 25: capessere, to accept, assume to execute, Verg. A. 1, 77: facere, id. ib. 1, 302: facessere, id. ib. 4, 295: flectere, to divert, annul, id. ib. 10, 35: festinare, id. ib. 1, 177: alicujus detrectare, to reject, disobey, Tac. A. 3, 17: exuere, id. ib. 11, 19: spernere, id. ib. 11, 14: abnuere, id. ib. 11, 37: exsequi, Verg. A. 4, 396; Tac. H. 4, 81: patrare, id. ib. 4, 83: peragere, Ov. M. 2, 119: explere, Vulg. Gen. 50, 3: complere, id. Jos. 3, 6: perficere, id. Judic. 9, 54: injusta jussa populis describere, Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11: jussa ac scita, id. Balb. 18, 42.
    In sing.: putasne, si populus jusserit, id jussum ratum atque firmum futurum? Cic. Caecin. 33, 96: fac jussum regis, Vulg. 1 Macc. 2, 18 al.
  2. II. Esp., a physician’s prescription: jussa medicorum ministrare, Ov. H. 20, 133.
    1. B. A father’s consent to the marriage of his son: jussum parentis praecedere debet, Just. Inst. 1, 10 pr.

1. jussus, a, um, Part., from jubeo.

2. jussus, ūs (used only in abl. sing.), m. [jubeo], an order, command, decree (class.): tuo jussu profectus sum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 50: Jovis jussu venio, id. Am. prol. 19: vestro jussu coactus, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 26: aut ab regibus lecti aut post reges exactos jussu populi, Liv. 4, 4, 7: sine populi jussu, Sall. C. 29, 3: Romano jussu, Val. Max. 9, 2, 4: Timotheus populi jussu bellum gessit, Nep. Timoth. 4: Neronis, Juv. 10, 15: patris dominive negotium gerere, Gai. Inst. 4, 70.

justa, ōrum, v. justus, B. 2.

justē, adv., v. justus fin.

justĭfĭcātĭo, ōnis, f. [justifico],

  1. I. justification (late Lat.), Salv. Avar. 3, 2; Aug. Civ. Dei, 16, 36.
  2. II. (As if from justa-facio.) Due formality: erit haec filiis Israel justificatio judiciorum, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 16, 1, 10: juxta omnes caerimonias et justificationes, Vulg. Num. 9, 3 and 14; id. 2 Par. 19, 10; id. Heb. 9, 1.

justĭfĭcātŏr, ōris, m. [justifico], he who justifies (eccl. Lat.), August. de Spir. et Lit. 26; id. ib. 29.

justĭfĭcātrix, īcis, f. [justificator], she who justifies (eccl. Lat.), Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 36.

justĭfĭcātus, a, um, P. a., v. justifico fin.

justĭfĭco, 1, v. a. [justificus].

  1. I. To act justly towards, do justice to one; with simple acc. of the pers. (post-class.): justificate viduam, Tert. adv. Marc. 19.
  2. II. To justify, make just, forgive, pardon, vindicate (post-class.): malos, Coripp. Laud. Justini jun. 2 fin.: impium, Aug. Enar. in Psa. 110, 3; Vulg. Rom. 8, 30: ut ex fide justificemur, id. Gal. 3, 24 et saep.
    Hence, justĭfĭcātus, a, um, P. a., justified (eccl. Lat.): baptismate, Prud. Apoth. 881; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 36.
    Comp.: Publicanus Pharisaeo justificatior discessit, Tert. Or. 13.

justĭfĭcus, a, um, adj. [justus-facio], that acts justly (poet.): mens deorum, Cat. 64, 407.

Justīna, ae, f., a Roman empress, wife of the elder Valentinian, and mother of the younger Valentinian, Amm. 30, 10, 4; Aug. Conf. 9, 7, 15.

1. Justīnĭānus, v. Justinus.

2. Justīnĭānus, i, m., Justinian, a Roman emperor in the sixth century of the Christian era, who caused the compilation of the Corpus Juris, Cod. Just. init.
Hence, Justīnĭānēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Justinian: urbs, Just. Novell. praef. 28.

Justīnus, i, m., Justin.

  1. I. A Roman historian in the second century of the Christian era, who made an abstract of the historical work of Trogus Pompeius.
  2. II. Justinus I., a Roman emperor of low birth (a swine-herd) in the sixth century of the Christian era.
  3. III. Justinus II., a Roman emperor in the latter half of the sixth century.
    Hence, Justīnĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the emperor Justin: labores, Coripp. Laud. Just. 1, 263.
  4. IV. A philosopher who defended the Christians under Antoninus Pius, called also Justin Martyr, Hier. Ep. 70, 4 al.

justĭtĭa, ae, f. [justus],

  1. I. justice, equity, righteousness, uprightness: quae animi affectio suum cuique tribuens, atque hanc quam dico, societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque tuens, justitia dicitur, cui sunt adjunctae pietas, bonitas, liberalitas, benignitas, comitas, quaeque sunt generis ejusdem, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65: justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas jus suum cuique tribuendi, Just. Inst. 1, 1, 1: justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas, creditis in rebus fides … nominatur, Cic. Part. Or. 22, 78: ordinata erat in duodecim tabulis tota justitia, the whole of the laws, Flor. 1, 24.
    Personified: Justĭtĭa, the goddess of justice, Gell. 14, 4, 3.
    1. B. Esp., righteousness, holiness, conduct in accordance with the divine law, Vulg. Gen. 15, 6; id. Rom. 9, 31 et saep.
  2. II. Clemency, compassion, Caes. B. G. 5, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 32; so Cic. Marcell. 4: ut meae stultitiae justitia tua sit aliquid praesidi, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 33.
  3. III. Concr., plur., judgments, precepts, ordinances: Domini, Vulg. Psa. 18, 9; id. Deut. 4, 5 al.

justĭtĭum, ii, n. [2. jus-sisto],

  1. I. a cessation from business in the courts of justice, a legal vacation, Cic. Phil. 5, 12, 31: justitium per aliquot dies servatum est, Liv. 3, 5: justitiumque in foro sua sponte coeptum prius quam indictum, id. 9, 7: prope justitium omnium rerum futurum videbatur, id. 26, 26, 9: remittere, to put an end to a suspension of legal proceedings, to cause the courts to resume their business, id. 10, 21.
  2. II. In gen., a cessation of public business, a public mourning: hos mors (Germanici) adeo incendit, ut, sumpto justitio, deserentur foro, Tac. A. 2, 82: arcis triste tyrannicae, Prud. Cath. 5, 80; so, in a household, a suspension of business for mourning the dead, Sid. Ep. 2, 8.

justus, a, um, adj. [2. jus], just, upright, righteous.

  1. I. Lit.: justus et bonus vir, Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42: digna esse justo homine, eoque quem virum bonum dicimus, id. ib. 1, 10, 31: in amicitia parum justus, id. Lael. 20, 75: vir, Vulg. Gen. 6, 9: Dominus, id. Exod. 9, 27: in socios, Cic. Planc. 26, 63: qui omnium justissimus fuisse traditur, id. Sest. 67, 141.
    Of things, in accordance with law or right, equitable, just: bella, Cic. Deiot. 5, 13: causa, id. Phil. 2, 22, 53: supplicia, id. Cat. 1, 8, 20: querela, Ov. P. 4, 3, 22: bella, id. M. 8, 58: triumphus, Hor. C. 1, 12, 54; Suet. Calig. 48; Liv. 33, 22: justissimos triumphos videre, Cic. Pis. 19, 44.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Lawful, rightful, true: uxor, Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85: hymenaei, Verg. G. 3, 60: matrimonium, Gai. Inst. 4, 16: nuptiae, id. ib. 1, 90 sq.: liberi, legitimate, id. ib. 3, 72: filius, id. ib. 1, 77: justā matrefamilias ortus, opp. pellice, Liv. 39, 53: justissima causa faciendi aliquid, Caes. B. G. 4, 16: imperium, id. ib. 1, 45.
      1. 2. Esp.: dies justi, a delay of thirty days allowed by law in paying debts, Gell. 20, 1, 43.
    2. B. Due; esp. in the plur. neutr. subst.: ju-sta, rights, privileges: servis justa praebere, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41; Col. 4, 3, 5: justa reddere, Col. 1, 8, 11; 11, 1, 26.
      1. 2. In partic.: justa, ōrum, n., due ceremonies or formalities: omnia justa perficere, Liv. 9, 8; so, justis omnibus hospitalibus fungi, id. 9, 6.
        Esp. of funeral rites, obsequies (cf. exsequiae): justa facere uxori, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 28: more regio justa magnifice facere, Sall. J. 11, 2: justis funebribus confectis, Caes. B. G. 6, 18: paterno funeri justa solvere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8: peragere, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248: praestare, Curt. 10, 8: persolvere, id. 6, 6: ferre avis positis, Ov. F. 5, 480: dare manibus alicujus, Flor. 4, 2.
    3. C. Proper, perfect, complete, reasonable, suitable, sufficient, right: vidulus, i. e. full, with all its contents, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 23: timor, Hirt. B. G. 8, 48: proelium, Liv. 39, 2: victoria, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3: iter conficere, a regular day’s march, Caes. B. C. 1, 23: exercitus, complete, in full number, Liv. 9, 43: muri altitudo, Caes. B. G. 7, 23: volumina, Vell. 2, 119: aetas, Dig. 12, 4, 8: eloquentia, Cic. Brut. 90: loca, i. q. aequa, even, level (opp. iniquus, uneven), Tac. A. 2, 5.
    4. D. Moderate, mild, gentle, easy: ut justioribus utamur iis, qui, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 2: justa et clemens servitus, Ter. And. 1, 1, 9.
      Hence,
      1. 1. Subst.: justum, i, n., that which is right or just, justice: justum ac jus colere, Cic. Leg. 2, 5: plus justo, more than is right, too much, Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; so, ulterius justo, Ov. M. 6, 470: gravius justo dolere, id. ib. 3, 333: justo longius, too long, Quint. 9, 4, 125: praeter justum, Lucr. 4, 1241.
        Plur.: ergo est lex justorum injustorumque distinctio, Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13.
      2. 2. Adv.: justē, rightly, justly, equitably, duly: juste et legitime imperare, Cic. Off. 1, 4: aestimare aliquid, Curt. 10, 5: timere, Ov. H. 17, 168.
        Comp.: justius, Phaedr. 4, 25, 8: reprehendi, Hor. S. 2, 4, 86.
        Sup.: justissime, Quint. 10, 1, 82.

jūsum, adv. [corrupt form of deorsum], down, downwards, opp. susum (late Lat.), Aug. Tract. in Ep. Joan. ad Parth. 8, 2; 10, 8.