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2. Philus (in MSS. also Pilus), i, m., a Roman surname: L. Furius Philus, a consul A. U. C. 618, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17; 1, 13, 19; id. Lael. 4, 14; 6, 21; 7, 25 sq.

Pīcumnus, i, m., and Pīlumnus, i, m., two brother deities of the Romans; the first a personification of the woodpecker (picus), and the second a personification of the pestle (pilum); both were companions of Mars, and tutelary deities of married people and little children, Varr. ap. Non. 528, 11 sq.; id. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 6, 9; cf. Isid. 4, 11, 5; Aem. Mac. ap. Non. 518, 26; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 4; 10, 76.
Pilumnus was the son of Daunus, husband of Danaë and ancestor of Turnus, Verg. A. 9, 4.

1. pīla, ae, f. [perh. for pisula, from root pis-; v. pinso, piso], a mortar (syn. mortarium): pila, ubi triticum pinsant, Cato, R. R. 14; Ov. Ib. 573: zeae granum tunditur in pilā ligneā, Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 112: si contuderis stultum in pilā, Vulg. Prov. 27, 22: sal sordidum in pilā pisatum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 158 Müll.

2. pīlă, ae, f. [for pigla, from root pag-, pig-, of pango, pe-pig-i, q. v.],

  1. I. a pillar (syn. columna): pila, quae parietem sustentat, ab opponendo dicta est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 Müll.: locavit pilas pontis in Tiberim, Liv. 40, 51: salax taberna a pileatis nona fratribus pila, of the temple of Castor and Pollux, Cat. 37, 1: nulla taberna meos habeat neque pila libellos, i. e. they are not to be publicly sold (as the booksellers had their stalls around the pillars of public buildings), Hor. S. 1, 4, 71; Vitr. 6, 11: pilas operibus subdere, Sen. Q. N. 6, 302; Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23; Mart. 7, 61, 5.
  2. II. Transf., a pier or mole of stone: saxea, Verg. A. 9, 711; Vitr. 5, 12; Suet. Claud. 20; Sil. 4, 297.

3. pĭla, ae (gen. sing. pilaï, Lucr. 5, 713; 720; 726), f. [etym. dub.; perh. akin to Gr. πάλλω, brandish; Lat. pellere, drive; v. Corss. 1, 525 sqq.], a ball, playing-ball (syn. follis).

  1. I. Lit.: pilā expulsim ludere, Varr. ap. Non. 104, 29: di nos quasi pilas homines habent, Plaut. Capt. prol. 22; id. Most. 1, 2, 73: pilae studio teneri, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 88; Hor. S. 1, 5, 49: cum lapsa e manibus fugit pila, Verg. Cir. 149, Prop. 3, 12 (4, 13), 5: pila cadit aut mittentis vitio, aut accipientis . . . (pila) jactata et excepta, Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 3: pilam scite et diligenter excipere . . . apte et expedite remittere, id. ib. 2, 32, 1: pilam repetere, quae terram contigit, Petr. 27: reddere pilam, Mart. 14, 46, 2. There were four sorts of pilæ: trigonalis, paganica, follis, harpastum.
    Prov.: mea pila est, I have the ball, I have caught it, I’ve won, Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 7: claudus pilam, Cic. Pis. 28, 69; v. claudus: Fortunae pila, the foot-ball of fortune, Aur. Vict. Epit. 18.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. The game of ball: quantum alii tribuunt alveolo, quantum pilae, Cic. Arch. 6, 13.
    2. B. Of any thing round, a ball or globe of any material: pilae lanuginis, Plin. 12, 10, 21, § 38: scarabaei e fimo ingentes pilas aversi pedibus volutant, id. 11, 28, 34, § 98.
      Of the globe of the earth (ante-class.): in terrae pila, Varr. ap. Non. 333, 25.
      The ancients made use of a glass or crystal ball filled with water as a burning-glass: cum addită aquā vitreae pilae sole adverso in tantum excandescunt, ut vestes exurant, Plin. 36, 26, 67, § 199; 37, 2, 10, § 28.
      The Roman ladies carried a crystal or amber ball to keep their hands cool, Prop. 2, 18, 60 (3, 18, 12); Mart. 11, 8.
      Of the ball or lump of earth which adheres to the roots of a bush when torn up, Col. 5, 9.
      Of the ballots or bails used by judges in voting, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 19; Ascon. Argum. Milon. fin.
      Of stuffed balls or human figures: pilae et effigies viriles et muliebres ex lanā Compitalibus suspendebantur in compitis. quod hunc diem festum esse deorum inferorum quos vocant Lares, putarent: quibus tot pilae, quot capita servorum; tot effigies, quot essent liberi. ponebantur, ut vivis parcerent et essent his pilis et simulacris contenti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 239 Müll. Bulls were baited by throwing similar stuffed figures at their heads, Mart. Spect. 19, 2: quantus erat cornu, cui pila taurus erat! id. ib. 9; hence, sed cui primus erat lusor dum floruit aetas, Nunc postquam desiit ludere prima pila est, id. ib. 10, 86. As these effigies were usually torn by the throwing, the term is also applied to a torn toga, Mart. 2, 43, 6.
    3. C. In partic.: pilae Nursicae, i. e. rapae rotundae, Mart. 13, 20, 2.

pīlānus, i, m. [pilum], a triarius, one of the soldiers forming the third rank in battle: pilani pilis pugnantes, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 Müll.: pilani triarii quoque dicti quod in acie tertio ordine extremis subsidio deponebantur, Varr. L. L. 5, § 89 Müll.; Ov. F. 3, 129.

pĭlāris, e, adj. [3. pila], of or belonging to a ball: lusio, a game of ball, Stat. S. 4 praef.

‡ pĭlārĭum, ii, n. [2. pila], a burialplace where the ashes of the dead were deposited in cylindrical vases, Inscr. Fabr. p. 13, LII.

pĭlārĭus, ii, m. [3. pila], one who performs tricks with balls, a ball-thrower, juggler, Quint. 10, 7, 11; Inscr. Orell. 2590: hierosalpinctes, pilarius, Not. Tir. 173.

‡ pilastilus, i, m., perh. a javelinmaker, Inscr. Murat. 538.

pilates or pellates, only in nom. [cf. πελλός, pallidus], a kind of stone: lapidis genus, cujus meminit Cato originum l. V.: lapis candidior quam pilates, Fest. p. 237 Müll.

pīlātim, adv. [2. pila], pillar-wise, with pillars.

  1. I. Lit.: pilatim aedificia agere, Vitr. 6, 11, 4.
  2. II. Transf., in milit. lang., in close bodies, in solid columns: sive pilatim, sive passim iter facere volebat, Asellio ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121: pilatim exercitum duxi, Scaur. ib.; cf. 1. pilo, and, under it, pilatus.

* pĭlātrix, īcis, f. [2. pilo], she that robs or plunders: pilatrix pallii, Tit. ap. Non. 102, 4.

1. pīlātus, a, um, Part. and P. a., v. 1. pilo.

2. pīlātus, a, um, adj. [pilum], armed with javelins: agmina, Verg. A. 12, 121: cohors, Mart. 10, 48, 2.

3. Pīlātus, i, m., a Roman surname; esp., Pontius Pilatus, a Roman governor of Judœa, in the time of Jesus, Vulg. Matt. 27, 2 et saep.; Sedul. 5, 116.

pīlentum, i, n., an easy chariot or carriage, used by the Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried (cf. petorrita): pilentis et carpentis per urbem vehi matronis concessum est, quod, cum aurum non reperiretur, ex voto, quod Camillus voverat Apollini Delphico, contulerunt, Fest. p. 245 Müll.; cf. Liv. 5, 25: castae ducebant sacra per urbem Pilentis matres in mollibus, Verg. A. 8, 666; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 192.

pīlĕo, pīlĕus, etc., v. pilleo, pilleus, etc.

pĭlīcrĕpus, i, m. [3. pila-crepo], a ballplayer, Sen. Ep. 56, 2; Inscr. Orell. 2591; cf. Morcell. Stil. Inscr. Lat. 1, p. 454 Patav.

pillĕātus (pīle-), a, um, adj. [pilleus], covered with the pilleus or felt-cap, wearing the pilleus (this was worn in Rome at entertainments, shows, and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia; slaves received it at their manumission as a token of freedom): pilleati aut lana alba velatis capitibus volones epulati sunt, Liv. 24, 16 fin.: rex, id. 45, 44: colonorum turba pilleatorum currum sequentium, like a general’s freedmen, id. 33, 23: nec per omnia nos similes esse pilleatae turbae voluisses, i. e. the Roman populace, who wore the pilleus at the Saturnalia, Sen. Ep. 18, 3; so, pilleata Roma, Mart. 11, 6, 4: tantum gaudium (mors Neronis) publice praebuit, ut plebs pilleata totā urbe discurreret (as a sign of liberation from slavery). Suet. Ner. 57: ad Parthos procul ite pilleatos, the bonneted Parthians, of whose ordinary apparel the pilleus was a part, Mart. 10, 72, 5; cf. Aur. Vict. Caes. 13, 3; Paul. Nol. Carm. 17, 242: pilleati fratres, i. e. Castor and Pollux, Cat. 37, 2: pilleati servi. bonneted slaves, i. e. slaves offered for sale with a pilleus on, to indicate that the seller did not warrant them, Gell. 7, 4, 1 sqq.

pillĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id], to place the pilleus on a person’s head, to bonnet him, in token of manumission: pilleari et rudem accipere possunt, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 11, 7, 4.

pillĕŏlus, i, m., and pillĕŏlum, i, n. dim. [pilleus], a small felt cap, a skull-cap: ut cum pilleolo (portes) soleas conviva tribulis, Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 15; Col. Arbor. 25; Hier. Ep. 85, n. 6; 64, n. 13.

pillĕus, i, m., and pillĕum, i, n. [akin to Gr. πῖλος, with same signif.; also to pilus, a hair], a felt cap or hat, made to fit close, and shaped like the half of an egg. It was worn by the Romans at entertainments and festivals, esp. at the Saturnalia, and was given to a slave at his enfranchisement as a sign of freedom (cf. petasus).

  1. I. Lit.: pilleum quem habuit deripuit, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 14; id. Amph. 1, 1, 305: haec mera libertas, hanc nobis pillea donant, id. Pers. 5, 82. Free-born persons who had fallen into captivity also wore the pilleus for a while after the recovery of their freedom, Liv. 30, 45; 34, 52; Val. Max. 5, 2, 5 and 6. Gladiators who had often been victorious also received the pilleus at their discharge, Tert. Spect. 21. There were also leathern pillei, called Pannonian, which were worn by soldiers when off duty, in order that, by being always accustomed to wear something on their heads, the helmet might seem less burdensome, Veg. Mil. 1, 20.
  2. II. Meton.
    1. A. Liberty, freedom: servos ad pilleum vocare, to summon the slaves to freedom, Liv. 24, 32; Suet. Tib. 4; Sen. Ep. 47, 16; Val. Max. 8, 6, 2: totis pillea sarcinis redemi, i. e. I have made myself independent by selling all my goods, Mart. 2, 68, 4.
    2. B. A protector: te obsecro, Pilleum meum, mi sodalis, mea salubritas, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 220, 16.
    3. C. The membrane which envelops the head of the fœtus, a child’s caul, Lampr. Diadum. 4.

1. pīlo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a., = πιλέω, qs. to ram down; hence, in gen., to thrust home (ante-class. and rare): hastam pilans prae pondere frangit, Host. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121 (pilans id est figens, Serv.).
Hence, pīlātus, a, um, P. a., closepressed, thick, dense = densus, pressus.

  1. A. Lit.: pilatum (agmen), quod sine jumentis incedit, sed inter se densum est, quo facilius per iniquiora loca tramittatur, Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121: inde loci liquidas pilatasque aetheris oras Contemplor, Enn. ib. (firmas et stabiles significat et quasi pilis fultas, Serv.; cf. Enn. p. 155 Vahl.).
  2. B. Trop.: sententia praesto pectore pilata, Hostius ap. Serv. Verg. A. 12, 121 (id est fixa, Serv.).

2. pĭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [1. pilus].

  1. I. Neutr., to put forth hairs, to grow hairy: pilat pilos habere incipit, ahas pro detrahit pilos, a quo depilati, Paul. ex Fest. p. 204 Müll.: pilare dictum est, ut plumare, pilis vestiri, Non. 39, 25: corpus meum nunc pilare primum coepit, Afran. 39, 27; Nov. 39, 28.
  2. II. Act. (cf. ψιλόω).
    1. A. Lit., to deprive of hair, make bald, depilate: nates, Mart. 6, 56, 4: uxores, id. 12, 32, 33.
    2. B. Transf., to plunder, pillage (very rare, and not ante-Aug.; whereas compilare is class.): castra inimica, Amm. 31, 2, 8: villas, id. 31, 5, 8: pilati caesique, id. 14, 2, 3: malam parram pilavit, Petr. 43, 4 dub.

pĭlōsus, a, um, adj. [akin to Gr. ], hairy, shaggy (syn.: villosus, setosus): ovis ventrem habet pilosum, Varr. R. R. 2, 2: genae, Cic. Pis. 1, 1: pilosiora folia, Plin. 20, 16, 64, § 172: ursis asperior pilosiorque, Auct. Priap. 47: nares, Juv. 14, 194: Esau, Vulg. Gen. 27, 11.
Hence, as subst.: pĭlōsus, i, m., a shaggy person or creature, esp. a satyr, Vulg. Isa. 13, 21; 34, 14.

pĭlŭla, ae, f. dim. [3. pila], a little ball, globule.

  1. I. In gen., Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 28; Pelag. Vet. 14.
  2. II. In partic., in medicine, a pill, Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 138.

pīlum, i, n. [for pis-lum, cf. piso, 1. pila, etc.], a pounder, pestle of a mortar.

  1. I. Lit.: pilum fabarium, Cato, R. R. 10; 18: quasi tollenonem aut pilum Graecum reciproces planā viā, a pounder, in using which, one side was raised while the other was depressed, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s v. reciprocare, p. 274 Müll.: pinsente pilo praeferrato, Plin. 18, 10, 23, § 97: pilo contusum, Vulg. Exod. 27, 20.
  2. II. Transf., the heavy javelin of the Roman infantry, which they hurled at the enemy at the commencement of the action, and then took to their swords: (caput) adfixum gestari jussit in pilo, Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5: pilum, haud paulo quam hasta, vehementius ictu missuque telum, Liv. 9, 19; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 15: milites e loco superiore pilis missis facile hostium phalangem perfregerunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 25: pilorum hastarumque honore circumdatus, Plin. Pan. 56, 5: in imperatorem suum legiones pila torserunt, Sen. Ira, 3, 2, 4; cf. Tac. A. 15, 7: pilum praepilatum, having a blunt or rounded end, Auct. B. Afr. 72. They were also used in sieges, being hurled at the enemy from the walls; these were called pila muralia, Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Tac. A. 4, 51.
    Prov.: pilum inicere alicui, to make an attack on one, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43.
    1. B. Vis certe pila, i. e. to be primipilus of the triarii or veterans who carried two javelins each, Juv. 10, 94; v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 104.

‡ pilumnoe poploe in carmine Saliari Romani, velut pilis uti assueti, vel quia praecipue pellant hostes, Fest. p. 205 Müll. [the former is undoubtedly the correct derivation; the singular still occurs in Pilumnus; v. h. v. sub Picumnus].

Pīlumnus, i, m., v. Picumnus.

1. pĭlus, i, m., a hair (syn.: villus, seta).

  1. I. Lit.: capra pilos ministrat ad usum nauticum, Varr. R. R. 2, 11: munitae sunt palpebrae vallo pilorum, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 143: caudae pilos equinae vellere, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 45: duris aspera crura pilis, Ov. A. A. 3, 194: contra pilum equum fricare, Pelag. Vet. 26: in capite homini plurimus pilus, Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 130.
    Prov.: non minus molestum est calvis quam comatis pilos velli, Sen. Tranq. An. 8, 2, 3: propius quidem est a sole mons quam campus aut valles, sed sic, quomodo est pilus pilo crassior, Sen. Q. N. 4, 11, 4.
  2. II. Transf.
    1. A. Collect., hair, the hair: fruticante pilo neglecta et squalida crura, Juv. 9, 15.
    2. B. As a designation of insignificance, a hair, a trifle; usually joined with a negative, not a hair, not a bit, not a whit (class.): ego ne pilo quidem minus me amabo, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 5: interea e Cappadociā ne pilum quidem, id. Att. 5, 20, 6: ne ullum pilum viri boni habere dicatur, has not a hair of a good man about him, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20: non facit pili cohortem, does not value it a straw, Cat. 10, 13; cf.: nec pili facit uni, cares not a pin about it, id. 17, 16.
      In plur., a garment or fabric made of hair: vestitus pilis cameli, Vulg. Marc. 1, 6.

2. pīlus, i, m. [pilum], regularly joined with

  1. I. primus: primus pilus (in the gen. written also as one word, primipili), the division of the triarii in the Roman army: P. Sextius Baculus, primi pili centurio, Caes. B. G. 3, 5; id. B. C. 1, 13: T. Balventius, qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat, had been leader, captain of the triarii, id. B. G. 5, 35; Liv. 42, 34, 11: aliquem ad primum pilum transducere, to transfer, advance to the triarii, Caes. B. C. 3, 53, 5: primos pilos ademit, took the command of the triarii, of the primipili, Suet. Calig. 44: vetus consuetudo tenuit, ut ex primo principe legionis promeretur centurio primi pili, qui non solum aquilae praeerat, verum etiam quatuor centurias in primā acie gubernabat, Veg. Mil. 2, 8.
    Without primus: referes pili praemia, Mart. 6, 58, 10; 1, 32, 3.
  2. II. Transf.: primipilus (in inscrr. also written PRIMOPIL, and abbrev. P. P.), the chief centurion of the triarii (the transf. arose from the circumstance that the chief centurion of this division was originally designated by the term primi pili, with the omission of the easily supplied centurio, as is shown by the following citation from Liv. 7, 41, 5; soon, however, from primi pili, a new word, primipilus or primopilus, was formed): primus centurio erat, quem nunc primi pili appellant, Liv. 7, 41, 5; 8, 8, 16: primipilo P. Sext. Baculo vulneribus confecto, Caes. B. G. 2, 25: aquilarum altera vix convelli a primipilo potuit, Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; Inscr. (of the time of Trajan) Orell. 799: SEX. AVLIENO SEX. F. PRIMOPIL. II., Inscr. (of the time of Tiberius or Caligula) Orell. 3426 M. P.; cf. Becker, Antiq. 3, 3, p. 264.